Introduction to Pipa (1)
Pipa has a variety of playing techniques, among which plucking is the most commonly used technique, and the name of pipa comes from plucking. According to ancient records, "the pipa is called before pushing the hand, the pipa is called when pulling the hand, the pipa is playing and the pipa is picking, hence the name". In the beginner stage, bouncing also plays an absolutely important role. As the most basic right-handed action form, the sound point represented by snapping is the simplest on the surface, but in fact the technology is the most complicated and rich. Other styles of play, such as doubles, doubles, roll play, doubles, hook play, wipe play, hit play, split play, etc., are all combined by playing and picking.
The basic hand types of "bounce" are "phoenix eye, corns and longan".
Nowadays, pipa tutorials published by famous artists have made a clear explanation of "snapping". For example, before the start of the right hand movement, the arm naturally droops, the elbow joint slightly comes out, the forearm naturally rises to form an angle close to 90 with the arm, the wrist slightly protrudes outward, and the back of the hand is basically flat with the outside of the wrist. Wrist plays an important supporting role in the coordinated action of forearm and hand. The hand naturally bends into a semi-clenched fist shape, the thumb is lightly placed on the small joint of the index finger, and it is slightly raised, and the index finger is in a quarter arc. From right to left, use the middle joint of the index finger and the small closing rhythm to make sound, the wrist swings naturally with the movement, and the forearm and wrist assist the rotation together, but they do not play an active role. Pick, on the contrary, open your mouth, from left to right, and pick out the sound with the small joint of your big finger. The index finger inclines downwards and the thumb inclines upwards, which is synchronous with the pronation and supination of the forearm.
Beginners tend to push their forearms forward, separate their big fingers from their index fingers, and use their big joints to move when playing, resulting in a fine and hard tone. Therefore, in training, we should practice in two stages: ① Fixed elastic pick. The purpose is to let beginners master the skills better and pave the way for clean and bright timbre. First of all, when you play, your right hand holds a circle and the tiger's mouth is longan-shaped. Then, directly hit the middle joint and small joint of the index finger and pop it up to the left panel, so that the pop-up sound is thick and clear. Retract your fingers after playing and restore your hand shape before playing. When plucking, the small joint of the big finger hits the strings straight and makes a sound. After picking, the touch of the big finger should not be higher than the height of the second string. In the above training, we should pay attention to the need to learn to find the relaxed state of fingers after playing in constant practice, and the touch position and force point of nails should be at the tip of nails when playing, in order to strive for uniform and full sound quality. 2 wrist bounce.
The finger playing method remains the same, but when playing, the wrist should be slightly rotated, and the nails should be quickly and decisively played on the string, all of which should be concentrated on one point. The practice of this skill is carried out by the wrist on the basis of "fixed bounce" The difference is that the sound of "Dingtan" is stiff, while the sound of "Wrist Play" is crisp and soft. But it should be noted that when picking with your wrist, don't move too much. If the nails stay on the strings for too long, the wrist will be in a state of tension and exertion, so be sure to let the wrist and even the big arm and the small arm be in a state of relaxation, and never make the pick stiff because of the addition of the wrist.
The use of the right hand flick is continuous until the end, and there can be no cracks in the middle. The key is whether the two-finger facet joints can be used alternately properly. (1) Practice on the empty string, and the speed should be slow. For example, when practicing the right hand, pay attention to the basic mechanism and method of plucking. Compared with the ratio of finger force to wrist force, it is ok to use wrist force slightly, but the arm force should not be too strong. If the wrist shake is too large, the effect of plucking will often float up, and the sound quality is not solid enough. (2) Do some rhythmic exercises, the initial practice skills, the movements of fingers and wrists must not be exaggerated, and it is better to be natural and moderate.
Note: Generally, lutes are set in D key, that is, Ade Aron. Different teachers will teach some deviations in fingering.