Efficiency is a brand-new topic put forward by our times, which means: to solve the problems encountered in work with the fastest way and the least time and resources. Peter and Drucker, the management masters, once put forward in the book Effective Supervisors: "For enterprises, efficiency is indispensable, not efficiency." "Efficiency means doing things in the right way, and efficiency means doing the right thing." Doing things correctly emphasizes efficiency, and as a result, we can move towards our goals faster; Doing the right thing emphasizes efficiency, and the result is to ensure that our work is firmly moving towards our own goals. The working principle of McKinsey & Company, the most successful strategic consulting company in the world, is to do the right thing and do more right things.

In fact, this is true not only for enterprises, but also for any organization. Efficiency is important, but what is more important is effectiveness. Do the right thing and do the right thing. Today, with the continuous improvement of China's socialist market economic system and legal system, if the party and government organs and their staff are still doing things in the planned economy era, what is the value and effectiveness of efficiency? The "Administrative Licensing Law" has been promulgated and implemented for more than a year. If there are still people who do things that are not within the scope of examination and approval all day, no matter how much work you do, it will have no effect.

To sum up, the so-called "right thing" is something that embodies Theory of Three Represents's theory, something that conforms to Scientific Outlook on Development, something that is conducive to building a well-off society in an all-round way and improving people's living standards, and something that embodies and follows the laws of objective things. On this premise, as far as the organization is concerned, all departments should scientifically determine their functions according to the unified goal and give full play to their functions; To be able to make decisions scientifically, democratically and prudently, we should neither "do nothing" about the work within the scope of our duties nor "act indiscriminately" about things that do not belong to our own duties. Personally, I think it is necessary to thoroughly understand the upper feelings, master the lower feelings, understand the external feelings and be familiar with the inside story. Everything you do must be reasonable in theory and feasible in practice, that is, it is suitable for both the upper feelings and the lower feelings. Only in this way can we ensure that we do the "right thing".

How can we "do the right thing" and "do the right thing" This is not only the scientific determination of organizational functions, but also the theoretical level of personal policy. In the final analysis, it is a question of ruling ideas and values. As far as each individual is concerned, to "do the right thing" and "do the right thing", one must study hard, constantly improve the theoretical quality and policy level, and establish a scientific world outlook and methodology; Second, we should be good at thinking and constantly improve our ability to find and solve problems; Third, we should be brave in innovation and constantly improve our ability to combine articles and create new situations.

Start from small things, establish a rigorous and meticulous work style, and start from small things and small things.

The level of work efficiency has a very important relationship with rigorous and meticulous work style and even habits, which is the so-called "details determine success or failure". Mr. Wang Zhongqiu, a management expert, said that people in China are not short of hard work and wisdom. What we lack most is the spirit of doing details; China is not short of great strategists, but an executor of Excellence. There is no shortage of various management systems. What is lacking is the implementation of rules and regulations to the letter. Indeed, although the details are small, they must not be underestimated. Details are not only related to the level of efficiency, but also to the success or failure of the cause. 65,438+0% errors may lead to 65,438+0,000% failures. The cost of ignoring details is enormous. A thousand miles of embankment, collapsed in the ant nest. Details are more important in the public domain than in other fields. Details condense efficiency, details generate benefits, and details reflect self-cultivation.

Scientific and correct decision-making comes from attention to details and seriousness. Any strategic decisions and laws and regulations should think of details and pay attention to details. The process of decision-making is a process from detail to detail. Any neglect of details may lead to decision-making mistakes. The decision-making process can be divided into four stages: investigation, decision-making scheme formulation, evaluation scheme selection and decision-making implementation. Ignoring the details of each stage may lead to decision-making mistakes. For example, in the investigation stage, if the understanding and mastery of things, every detail of the problem and every data are untrue and inaccurate, it is impossible to make a correct decision. Therefore, when we do research before making a decision, we should be thorough, serious, rigorous and meticulous, and we should not be extravagant and careless. This is true for enterprise management decisions, especially for public management decisions. Public decision-making is related to people's livelihood and the rise and fall of the national movement. Therefore, the public * * * departments responsible for decision-making should conscientiously do a good job in the preliminary research and make decisions on a solid and meticulous basis. If you ignore the details and make the wrong decision, the work of the public sector will be ineffective.

Strict and standardized management starts with details. In a sense, any management is the management of small things and details. Even the management of the country and the affairs of the people depend on every little thing. Big and empty management can't be effective. Only careful management and attention to details can be called strict and standardized management and effective management.

Thoughtful and high-quality service is reflected in the details. We often emphasize that leading cadres should treat grass-roots employees with a smiling face, a warm word and a cup of hot tea. These are minor actions and minimum requirements, but they are very important from the service point of view. Public services pay attention to details, of course, far more than that. Therefore, it is necessary to start from the aspects of concept, work style, work attitude and system reform, and earnestly start from the details.

Let Qi Xin, the cadres and workers of our factory, work together, focus on the big picture, start small, and do all the things we should do well.

From the big picture, we should effectively change our functions, make scientific decisions, and ensure "doing the right thing"

Efficiency is a brand-new topic put forward by our times, which means: to solve the problems encountered in work with the fastest way and the least time and resources. Peter and Drucker, the management masters, once put forward in the book Effective Supervisors: "For enterprises, efficiency is indispensable, not efficiency." "Efficiency means doing things in the right way, and efficiency means doing the right thing." Doing things correctly emphasizes efficiency, and as a result, we can move towards our goals faster; Doing the right thing emphasizes efficiency, and the result is to ensure that our work is firmly moving towards our own goals. The working principle of McKinsey & Company, the most successful strategic consulting company in the world, is to do the right thing and do more right things.

In fact, this is true not only for enterprises, but also for any organization. Efficiency is important, but what is more important is effectiveness. Do the right thing and do the right thing. Today, with the continuous improvement of China's socialist market economic system and legal system, if the party and government organs and their staff are still doing things in the planned economy era, what is the value and effectiveness of efficiency? The "Administrative Licensing Law" has been promulgated and implemented for more than a year. If there are still people who do things that are not within the scope of examination and approval all day, no matter how much work you do, it will have no effect.

To sum up, the so-called "right thing" is something that embodies Theory of Three Represents's theory, something that conforms to Scientific Outlook on Development, something that is conducive to building a well-off society in an all-round way and improving people's living standards, and something that embodies and follows the laws of objective things. On this premise, as far as the organization is concerned, all departments should scientifically determine their functions according to the unified goal and give full play to their functions; To be able to make decisions scientifically, democratically and prudently, we should neither "do nothing" about the work within the scope of our duties nor "act indiscriminately" about things that do not belong to our own duties. Personally, I think it is necessary to thoroughly understand the upper feelings, master the lower feelings, understand the external feelings and be familiar with the inside story. Everything you do must be reasonable in theory and feasible in practice, that is, it conforms to the feelings of the upper level and suits the feelings of the lower level. Only in this way can we ensure that we do the "right thing".

How can we "do the right thing" and "do the right thing" This is not only the scientific determination of organizational functions, but also the theoretical level of personal policy. In the final analysis, it is a question of ruling ideas and values. As far as each individual is concerned, to "do the right thing" and "do the right thing", one must study hard, constantly improve the theoretical quality and policy level, and establish a scientific world outlook and methodology; Second, we should be good at thinking and constantly improve our ability to find and solve problems; Third, we should be brave in innovation and constantly improve our ability to combine articles and create new situations.

Start from small things, establish a rigorous and meticulous work style, and start from small things and small things.

The level of work efficiency has a very important relationship with rigorous and meticulous work style and even habits, which is the so-called "details determine success or failure". Mr. Wang Zhongqiu, a management expert, said that people in China are not short of hard work and wisdom. What we lack most is the spirit of doing details; China is not short of great strategists, but an executor of Excellence. There is no shortage of various management systems. What is lacking is the implementation of rules and regulations to the letter. Indeed, although the details are small, they must not be underestimated. Details are not only related to the level of efficiency, but also to the success or failure of the cause. 65,438+0% errors may lead to 65,438+0,000% failures. The cost of ignoring details is enormous. A thousand miles of embankment, collapsed in the ant nest. Details are more important in the public domain than in other fields. Details condense efficiency, details generate benefits, and details reflect self-cultivation.

Scientific and correct decision-making comes from attention to details and seriousness. Any strategic decisions and laws and regulations should think of details and pay attention to details. The process of decision-making is a process from detail to detail. Any neglect of details may lead to decision-making mistakes. The decision-making process can be divided into four stages: investigation, decision-making scheme formulation, evaluation scheme selection and decision-making implementation. Ignoring the details of each stage may lead to decision-making mistakes. For example, in the investigation stage, if the understanding and mastery of things, every detail of the problem and every data are untrue and inaccurate, it is impossible to make a correct decision. Therefore, when we do research before making a decision, we should be thorough, serious, rigorous and meticulous, and we should not be extravagant and careless. This is true for enterprise management decisions, especially for public management decisions. Public decision-making is related to people's livelihood and the rise and fall of the national movement. Therefore, the public * * * departments responsible for decision-making should conscientiously do a good job in the preliminary research and make decisions on a solid and meticulous basis. If you ignore the details and make the wrong decision, the work of the public sector will be ineffective.

Strict and standardized management starts with details. In a sense, any management is the management of small things and details. Even the management of the country and the affairs of the people depend on every little thing. Big and empty management can't be effective. Only careful management and attention to details can be called strict and standardized management and effective management.

Thoughtful and high-quality service is reflected in the details. We often emphasize that leading cadres should treat grass-roots employees with a smiling face, a warm word and a cup of hot tea. These are minor actions and minimum requirements, but they are very important from the service point of view. Public services pay attention to details, of course, far more than that. Therefore, it is necessary to start from the aspects of concept, work style, work attitude and system reform, and earnestly start from the details.

Let Qi Xin, the cadres and workers of our factory, work together, focus on the big picture, start small, and do all the things we should do well. Graduation thesis is a form of academic thesis. In order to further explore and master the writing rules and characteristics of graduation thesis, it is necessary to classify graduation thesis. Due to the different content and nature of graduation thesis, different research fields, objects, methods and expressions, graduation thesis has different classification methods.

I. Types of Graduation Thesis

Graduation thesis is a form of academic thesis. In order to further explore and master the writing rules and characteristics of graduation thesis, it is necessary to classify graduation thesis. Due to the different content and nature of graduation thesis, different research fields, objects, methods and expressions, graduation thesis has different classification methods.

Graduation thesis can be divided into theoretical thesis, experimental thesis, descriptive thesis and design thesis according to content nature and research methods. The last three kinds of papers are mainly the forms that science and engineering students can choose, so I won't introduce them here. Liberal arts students usually write theoretical papers. There are two kinds of theoretical papers: one is purely abstract theory, the research method is rigorous theoretical deduction and mathematical operation, and some also involve experiments and observations to verify the correctness of the argument. The other is based on the investigation of objective things and phenomena, the observation data obtained in the investigation and related literature. The research method is to analyze, synthesize, summarize and abstract the relevant data, and put forward some new theories and viewpoints through induction, deduction and analogy.

Graduation thesis can be divided into standing thesis and refuting thesis according to the nature of discussion. Argumentative thesis refers to expounding and demonstrating one's own views and opinions from the front. Argumentative papers are argumentative papers. Writing a thesis requires clear arguments, sufficient arguments, rigorous argumentation, convincing people with reason and convincing people with facts. Argumentative thesis refers to establishing one's own arguments and propositions by refuting others' arguments. If the graduation thesis mainly refutes some wrong viewpoints, opinions and theories, it belongs to refuting graduation thesis. In addition to arguments, arguments and arguments, refuting papers also requires tit-for-tat and reasoning.

Graduation thesis can be divided into macro thesis and micro thesis according to the size of the research problem. A paper that is overall and universal and has certain guiding significance for local work is called a macro paper. It has a wide range of research and influence. On the contrary, the papers that study locality and specific problems are microscopic papers. It is of guiding significance to specific work and has a narrow influence.

There is also a comprehensive classification, that is, graduation thesis is divided into four categories: thematic, argumentative, comprehensive and comprehensive:

1. monograph. Based on the analysis of previous research results, this paper expresses opinions in the form of direct discussion and puts forward academic problems of a certain subject from the front. For example, Chapter 12 of this book, The Method and Artistic Analysis of Leadership Highlighting Work Focus, discusses the significance, methods and principles of highlighting work focus, which shows the author's affirmation and understanding of highlighting work focus.

2. Argumentative essay. This is a paper aimed at others' views on an academic problem of a certain subject, with sufficient arguments, focusing on exposing its shortcomings or mistakes, and expressing opinions through debate. For example, has the household contract responsibility system changed the nature of rural collective ownership? The article "The household contract responsibility system has changed the nature of rural collective ownership" is refuted and analyzed reasonably, and the viewpoint that "the household contract responsibility system has not changed rural collective ownership" is expounded in the form of demonstration. In addition, a paper that refutes several different opinions or popular misconceptions in society with positive reasons is also an argumentative paper.

3. Summarize the paper. This is a kind of paper that introduces or comments on an academic problem of a certain subject on the basis of summarizing the research results of predecessors or present people to express their opinions.

4. Comprehensive papers. This is a paper written by organically combining summary and demonstration. For example, the article "On Several Issues in the History of Ethnic Relations in China" not only introduces the present situation of the research on the history of ethnic relations, but also puts forward several problems worth studying. Therefore, it is a comprehensive paper.

Second, the specifications of graduation thesis

The specification of graduation thesis is also the standard of graduation thesis. The specifications or standards of graduation thesis here are mainly in the quality of graduation thesis. As for the number of words required for graduation thesis, different schools have different regulations. Generally speaking, a graduation thesis needs more than 5000 words.

It can only be identified by comparison. In order to better understand the norms of college students' graduation thesis, we compared several papers similar to college students' graduation thesis. College students (mainly undergraduates) usually write two papers during their school days, one is the academic year paper written by the third year of college, and the other is the graduation paper written near graduation. In addition, graduate students who continue to study for a master's degree after graduation from university should write a master's degree thesis, and graduate students who study for a doctorate should write a doctoral degree thesis. Below, we will make some analysis and explanation on the connections and differences between these four papers.

Academic year thesis, graduation thesis, master's degree thesis and doctoral degree thesis are a kind of relationship from shallow to deep, with different academic levels, so there are different specifications or standards.

1. academic paper. It is the ability of college students to analyze and solve an academic problem for the first time after they have finished three years of basic courses in college and have certain basic knowledge. The title of the paper should not be too large, the length should not be too long, the issues involved should not be too wide, and the issues discussed should not be too deep. Novices write papers mainly to accumulate experience in writing papers, master the methods of writing papers, and lay the foundation for writing graduation papers and dissertations in the future. The first two years of college are basically listening to lectures, reading books and accepting previous knowledge; Writing a thesis is not about listening to lectures, reading books, taking notes and summarizing the knowledge of predecessors, but asking yourself to use the knowledge of predecessors to solve some unsolved problems. Writing academic papers is a new job for college students to learn for the first time, so writing academic papers is carried out under the guidance of experienced teachers. I. Title

The title is the eye of the article. The titles of various articles have many styles, but no matter what form, they always reflect the author's writing intention and the main idea of the article in all or different aspects. The title of graduation thesis is generally divided into general title, sub-title and sub-title.

(1) general title

The general title is the embodiment of the overall content of the article. Common writing methods are:

(1) reveals the essence of the theme. This title form, which highly summarizes the content of the full text, is often the central argument of the article. It has a high degree of clarity, which is convenient for readers to grasp the core of the full text. Such titles are many and common. For example, on economic system model, on economic center, and my opinion on the reform of county-level administrative institutions.

2 types of questions. In fact, the author's point of view is very clear, but the meaning is euphemistic and needs readers to think. This form of title is easy to attract readers' attention because of its implied point of view. For example, "Is the family contract system a single job?" Is commodity economy equal to capitalist economy? "and so on.

(2) explain the scope of content. This form of title, from its own point of view, does not see the author's point of view, but only limits the scope of the article. On the one hand, it is difficult to summarize the main points of the article in one sentence; On the other hand, explaining the scope of the article can attract the attention of peers and readers, so as to attract * * *. This form of address is also very common. For example, the two-tier management system in rural areas of China, correctly handling the relationship between the central government and local governments, and the analysis of post-war western trade liberalization, etc.

4. Use judgment sentences. This title form limits the content of the full text and is flexible. The research object of this paper is specific and small, but the extended ideas must be strong and broad. This kind of title focuses on small things and big things, which is conducive to the expansion of scientific thinking and scientific research. For example, we can see the light of hope in rural China from the rise of township enterprises, scientific and technological progress and agricultural economy, and see the essence of beauty from the perspective of creating beauty through labor.

⑤ Use visualized sentences. Such as inspiring management system, dawn in the history of science and technology, and shining theory.

There are many styles of titles, and the author can make bold innovations in practice.

(2) Subtitles and Subtitles

In order to point out the research object, content and purpose of the paper, the general title can be supplemented and explained, and some papers can also be subtitled. In particular, some argumentative papers generally have a subtitle, such as adding a subtitle such as "discussing with XX" under the general title.

In addition, in order to emphasize a key point of the paper, a subtitle can be added. For example, how to look at the current labor remuneration difference-also talk about the bourgeois rights in distribution according to work, develop protein resources and improve the utilization efficiency of protein-and explore a development strategy to solve the problem of eating.

The main purpose of setting the subtitle is to clearly show the level of the article. Some use words, which generally express the central content of this level; Some also use numbers, which only indicate the order of "one, two, three", and play the role of connecting the preceding with the following. It should be noted that no matter which form is adopted, it is closely related to the content of the hierarchy and the close relationship between the upper and lower levels.

There are three requirements for the topic: first, it must be clear. It is necessary to reveal the scope or argument of the topic, so that people can know the general outline of the article, the main content of the discussion and the author's writing intention after reading the topic, instead of specious, hiding the head and revealing the tail, and playing hide-and-seek with readers. Second, be concise. The topic of the paper should not be too long. If it is too long, it will make people feel cumbersome and cumbersome, and they will not get a clear impression, thus affecting the overall evaluation of the article. Don't be too abstract and empty, and don't use very useful or invented words in the title, so as not to make readers feel like a sea of smoke when they see the title, and they can only understand it after reading the text completely. Third, it must be novel. The title, like the content and form of the article, should have its own uniqueness. Not unconventional, unconventional, fascinating and pleasing to the eye, thus arousing readers' interest in reading.

Second, the directory

Generally speaking, long graduation thesis has no subtitle. Papers with subheadings generally have a table of contents because of their multi-level content and complex theoretical system.

The purpose of establishing a directory is mainly to:

1. Let readers have a general understanding of the content and structure of the full text before reading this article, so that readers can decide whether to read it, whether to read it intensively or skim it.

2. It is convenient for readers to choose a sub-argument in the text. A long paper has many sub-arguments besides the central argument. When readers need to know more about a sub-argument, they can rely on the table of contents to save time.

The table of contents is usually placed in front of the text of the paper, so it is the guide map of the paper. In order to make the table of contents really play the role of guide map, we must pay attention to:

1. Exactly. The content must be consistent with the outline of the full text. In other words, the title, subtitle and content of this paper are one-to-one correspondence.

2. Clear and correct. The table of contents should be marked with the page number of the table of contents one by one in the text. Page numbers must be clear and correct.

3. complete. Because the table of contents is the guide map of the paper, it must be complete. In other words, all the contents of the article should be reflected in the catalogue and must not be omitted.

There are two basic types of directories:

1. Text directory.

2. Digital catalogue. This kind of catalogue is rare. However, it is easy for readers to read long speeches, and some of them use this method.

Three. Platform for action

Abstract is the epitome of the full text. Here, the author outlines the overall appearance of the full text with extremely economical pen and ink; Put forward the main arguments, reveal the research results of the paper, and briefly describe the framework of the full text.

Abstract is an accessory part of the text, usually placed at the beginning of the paper.

The purpose of writing the executive summary is to:

1. In order to make the instructor have a general understanding of the main contents of the article before reviewing the full text of the paper, and know the main results and main logical order of the research.

2. In order to make other readers have a general understanding of the problems studied by the author by reading the executive summary, if there is a curse, they should read the full text further. Here, the abstract has become an "advertisement" to recommend papers to many readers.

Therefore, it is necessary to prompt the main points of the paper so that readers can understand the main points of the paper at a glance. The abstract of the paper should be concise and comprehensive, and should not be too verbose to grasp the main points or just a few dry ribs, lacking materials to explain the views.

Executive summary can be divided into reportable summary and indicative summary.

The report summary mainly introduces the main methods and results of the study and the analysis of the results, and gives a comprehensive hint to the content of the article.

Indicative summary only briefly describes the research results (data, opinions, opinions, conclusions, etc.). ), and does not involve research means, methods, processes, etc. Graduation thesis generally adopts indicative abstract. Examples are as follows:

● The government under the condition of market economy should, of course, obey the overall planning and deployment of the higher authorities, but the main focus should be on being responsible for the lower authorities, the local economic development and the improvement of the living standards of the local people. This is the premise of developing the overall economy, which naturally conforms to being responsible to the upper level.

● Changing departments to "grasp * * * and manage" enterprises to serve enterprises should be the main focus of departmental work. (Excerpted from Government in Market Economy)

How to locate ")

The writing requirements of English can be summarized as "completeness, accuracy, conciseness, truthfulness and vividness". Specifically:

1. The content summary should be complete. That is, the main contents (or viewpoints) expounded in the paper cannot be omitted. It should be written as a complete paper and can be used independently.

2. Focus should be highlighted. The research results (or central arguments) and the content of conclusive significance of the paper should be highlighted, and other items can be written concisely.

3. Use words concisely. Writing should be carefully worded and expressed in concise and general language, and it is not appropriate to demonstrate every content.

4. The statement should be objective. Generally speaking, it is not appropriate to write only the objective situation of the research, make a subjective evaluation of the work process, methods and research results, and make a comparative explanation with other people's research. The value of a research achievement has its own public opinion, and there is no need to advertise itself. Therefore, seeking truth from facts is also the basic principle of writing abstract.

5. The language should be vivid. Writing should be concise, vivid and fascinating, and literary color should be reflected as much as possible in terms of text polishing, expression and structure, so as to arouse readers' desire to read the text.

Fourth, the text.

The text includes introduction, theory and conclusion. This is the most important part of the graduation thesis, which is discussed in detail in other chapters, so I won't repeat it here.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) reference

References, also called bibliography, refer to the books, newspapers and periodicals consulted by the author in the process of writing his graduation thesis, which should be listed at the end of the graduation thesis. There are three advantages to listing references: first, when the author himself finds that there is an error in the quotation, it is easy to find and correct it. Second, teachers of graduation thesis defense committee can know the breadth of students' reading materials as a reference for graduation thesis review. Third, it is convenient for readers who study similar problems to consult relevant viewpoints and materials.

Of course, the references listed in this article must be major monographs, papers and other materials that are closely related to this article and have played an important reference role in writing my graduation thesis. Don't make too many lists, no matter how light or heavy.

The listed references should generally clearly indicate the title of the book or article, author, publisher and publication year.