Pre-Qin: At the end of the Warring States period, due to the need of the unification of characters, the legend of Cangjie's word-making appeared.

After Qin dynasty: at the beginning of the emperor, the characters were unified into Xiao zhuan, forming official script;

At the end of the Han Dynasty, the official script changed from oval to rectangle, which was called "Han Li";

During the Wei and Jin Dynasties: Lishu became "Lishu";

Jin to Tang Dynasty: Also known as "official script", Han Li was called "eight-point script";

Li Shu in Jin Dynasty was simplified as "running script", which was also called "regular script" in Jin Dynasty and "real script" in Song Dynasty.

2. The Book of Changes II

At the end of the Warring States period, Taoism and Yin-Yang theory prevailed, and Confucianism used hexagrams to carry forward Confucian philosophy, so the Book of Changes was circulated. ? In addition, there is classical Chinese? Two condensed biographies; In the Han dynasty, new divination was discovered again? Preface? There are three kinds of Biographies of Miscellaneous Melons, later called Yi Zhuan.

3. The third history book

Shangshu includes Yu, Xia, Shang and Thursday dynasties, most of which are written by decree, that is, published to the public, and a few are written by monarch and minister. There are also notes, mostly made by people at the end of the Warring States period.

4. The Book of Songs IV

Popular poetry in the Spring and Autumn Period; In the era of Confucius, "poetry" was used to discuss the truth of learning and being a man; After Confucius, Three Hundred Poems became one of the six Confucian Classics.

5. "< Li San > Fifth"

There are three kinds of classics handed down by scholars in Han Dynasty, and there are countless records of "ambition". Are the three classics "Yili"? Classic ceremony? Zhou Li; Ji is a history of Confucian miscellaneous narrative ritual system and its changes, or a work of ritual narrative. There are many Historical Records in the Han Dynasty, and only 38 Great Dai Ji and 49 Dai Xiao Ji have been handed down to this day. 6. The sixth biography of Spring and Autumn Annals (? "Mandarin" attached)

Is the third biography Zuo Zhuan? Ram biography? Biographies of Yiliang and Three Biographies pay special attention to the admonition and punishment functions of Chunqiu. When the three biographies explain the scriptures, they are often attached regardless of the context; In these three biographies, Yang Gong and Liangliang both focus on explaining classics, while Zuo Shi focuses on narration, that is, recording and detailing historical events with reference to groups.

7. "< Four Books > Volume VII"

Are the four books "University" in a normal order? The golden mean? The Analects of Confucius? Mencius;

Is the Five Classics Yi? That book? Poetry? Gift? Spring and Autumn Annals.

The Book of Rites University was originally an article. Zhu divided it into one chapter and ten chapters, and the biography was to explain the classics.

The Doctrine of the Mean is a book taught by Confucius, which was written down by Zi Si and passed on to Mencius. The philosophy of life described in the book is very meaningful.

The Analects of Confucius was memorized by Confucius' disciples, which can help readers learn a lot about being a man, such as "a gentleman"? "Benevolence" and "loyalty and forgiveness", such as "learning from time"? "doubt" "Good old man"? Corner rebellion? "Choose the good"? "Sleeping at school" and so on can all be applied for life.

Mencius is said to have been edited by Mencius himself and his disciples Gong Sunchou and Zhang Wan.

8. The Eighth Warring States Policy

During the Warring States period, relations between countries were tense, and wars could break out at any time, so strategists in charge of diplomacy began to be reused. At that time, all countries were centered on power, and the counselors said nothing more than war and intrigue; However, extensive knowledge and subtle wit are essential for making statements according to people and places. On the basis of finishing and polishing by Kuai Tong, a famous lobbyist in the early Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang compiled the remarks of these strategists into The Warring States Policy.

9. Historical Records? The ninth volume of Hanshu

Sima Qian wandered around in his early years, knowing customs and collecting rumors. He created China's first biographical history book with the historical knowledge of "studying the relationship between man and nature, making changes from ancient times to modern times, and becoming a unified statement", which was called Taishi Gongshu by the Han people.

There are five styles in Historical Records:

Twelve biographies, which record the political traces of the emperor, are chronicles; Ten tables, mainly by year and generation; Eight books, recording the evolution of laws and regulations system; Thirty families remember the survival of Hou Guo from generation to generation; Seventy stories, all kinds of people.

After Historical Records, there were many sequels, but they were either selfish or vulgar. Ban Biao sorted out and supplemented them and wrote sixty-five biographies.

10. "< scholar > 10th"

At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Zhou royal family was weak and the ceremony collapsed. In this great change, some smart people "insisted on their own reasons and made sense." This is the research of various philosophers, and most of them can be called "philosophy". All scholars are professional "scholars". "Scholar" was originally the last aristocratic rank in the feudal system, but in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, "scholar" became a general term for talents.

11."< Ci Fu > Eleventh Issue"

Qu Yuan is a person who will be remembered forever in the history of our country. Li Sao and Nine Chapters of Chu Ci were both written by Qu Yuan when he was in exile.

Xunzi's prose was first called "Fu". "Fu Pian" arranged for the guest and the host, with questions and answers, which opened the atmosphere of Fu Jia later. Han Shu's Shi Zhi Fu can be divided into four categories. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ban Gu wrote Erdu Fu, Zhang Heng copied Erdu Fu and Jin wrote Sandu Fu.

12. "< Poetry > No.12"

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established Yuefu, collecting ballads and scores of Dai, Zhao, Qin and Chu to prepare for reading and singing. At the end of the Han dynasty, the general's wind was rectified all the way; Poetry in the Jin Dynasty gradually leveled off, and metaphysical poetry flourished. The harmonious development of the Tang Dynasty laid the quatrains of metrical poems. In the early Song Dynasty, Li Shangyin specialized in poetry, but in the end he only knew allusions. The three great poets in Southern Song Dynasty all evolved from Jiangxi School.

13. "< text > Article 13"

During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were frequent exchanges between countries, and diplomatic terms were more important to the country and the nation, also known as "words"; During the Warring States period, lobbying was very popular. Confucius started to give private lectures, and since then he has had private works; Chronicles have also made great progress with the development of argumentative essays; Cifu prevailed in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty; Prince Liang Zhaoming put forward the standard of "literature" for the first time in Selected Works; Then came two new styles: Buddhist Scriptures and Book of Changes. After Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi, ancient prose became authentic; Appeared in the Song Dynasty? "script"; Eight-part essay prevailed in Ming and Qing Dynasties.