At present, China has established a relatively complete and wide-ranging ground monitoring and observation network for meteorology, oceanography, earthquake, hydrology, forest fires, pests and diseases, and established a series of meteorological satellites, marine satellites and land satellites, and is building a small satellite constellation system for disaster reduction. In meteorological monitoring and forecasting, an advanced atmospheric detection system consisting of ground meteorological observation stations, space stations, various weather radars and meteorological satellites has been established. A meteorological satellite data receiving and processing system, a modern meteorological communication system and a medium-term numerical forecast operational system have been established. A basic meteorological information processing, analysis and forecasting system with reasonable division of labor, organic combination and step-by-step guidance has been formed throughout the country. In order to monitor river floods, the state has established a hydrological monitoring network consisting of a large number of hydrological stations, water level stations and rainfall stations. Remote sensing database of early warning waters in flood-prone areas of seven major rivers was established, and remote sensing technology was applied to flood monitoring during the Eighth Five-Year Plan period. Great progress has been made in flood control and drought relief engineering technology of major rivers, and some fields have reached the world advanced level. In addition, modern science and technology are used to actively carry out comprehensive management of small watersheds such as artificial precipitation enhancement, artificial hail suppression and drip irrigation projects in agricultural areas. These technical measures have played a very positive role in disaster prevention and mitigation to a certain extent. In terms of earthquake monitoring and earthquake resistance, during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, more than 400 earthquake observation stations have been established and digitized. China Digital Seismological System consists of 48 national digital seismic stations, 20 regional digital seismic stations consisting of more than 300 regional digital seismic stations, several mobile digital seismic stations and digital strong earthquake networks. A strong earthquake early warning system and earthquake precursor observation system are established to form a relatively complete monitoring and forecasting system, and a national seismic intensity zoning map and earthquake damage prediction map are compiled. Fifty-two cities have been identified as national key cities for earthquake resistance, and comprehensive earthquake damage prevention has been implemented for engineering buildings in areas with earthquake intensity above 6 degrees. New projects in cities and large and medium-sized industrial and mining enterprises have been fortified against earthquakes, and a number of railway trunk lines, major oil pipelines, backbone power plants, large oil refineries, a number of key iron and steel enterprises, super-large ethylene projects and large reservoirs have been built. In the prevention and control of geological disasters, we have strengthened the investigation and prevention of geological disasters such as landslides, mudslides, collapses, ground subsidence and ground fissures, and adopted a comprehensive defense system including engineering defense system, biological soil and water conservation defense system, management protection system, social management system and prediction and alarm system, which has achieved certain results. At the same time, we combine ecological construction with disaster prevention and mitigation. A series of measures, such as closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, returning farmland to forests, returning farmland to lakes, returning farmland to grasslands, and building water conservancy projects, have greatly prevented and alleviated the harm and loss of geological disasters. Twenty-five national key soil erosion control areas have been established, and soil and water conservation projects have been implemented in seven major river basins. Comprehensive management of landscape and farmland forest network has been carried out in more than 1 10,000 small watersheds with serious soil erosion. Ten major forestry ecological projects have been built successively, including "Three North" shelterbelt, shelterbelt in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, coastal shelterbelt, plain farmland shelterbelt, Huaihe-Taihu basin shelterbelt, Pearl River basin shelterbelt, Liaohe basin shelterbelt, middle reaches of the Yellow River shelterbelt, Taihang Mountain greening project and desertification control project. In addition, the "Resources 1" and "Resources 2" satellites have been launched and widely used.
Second, the main problems existing in the application and construction of disaster prevention and mitigation technologies in China
1. Lack of comprehensive coordination in management.
For a long time, China's disaster management system is basically based on a single disaster type, managed by different departments, and each disaster-related management department has its own system, fighting its own battles. Because there is no permanent comprehensive management organization, there is a lack of unified coordination between disasters and communication and linkage between departments, which has caused many disadvantages, such as the lack of comprehensive laws and regulations on disaster prevention and mitigation, technical system policies and overall scientific and technological development planning; Lack of systematic and continuous ideological guidance on disaster prevention and mitigation is not conducive to inter-departmental coordination; Lack of comprehensive emergency technical system for disaster prevention and mitigation; Lack of comprehensive rescue experts and technical teams specializing in disaster relief; A relatively complete scientific and technological system for disaster prevention and mitigation has not yet been formed; Poor information disclosure and communication channels; Resources and information cannot be enjoyed; Scientific decision-making evaluation support system and financial guarantee system have not been established, which directly affects the effectiveness of disaster prevention and mitigation.
2. Insufficient investment and single funding channel.
China's annual investment in research and development and application of disaster prevention and mitigation technologies is very limited, and the investment in disaster prevention and mitigation infrastructure construction, scientific research equipment purchase, disaster prevention engineering construction, basic research on disaster prevention and mitigation and popularization and application of advanced technologies is insufficient, mainly because China's disaster prevention and mitigation research basically relies on financial allocation, and the source of funds is single. Because the social benefits of disaster prevention and mitigation research are far greater than the recent economic benefits, it is difficult to attract enterprise funds and social funds to actively invest, which leads to the lag in the development and popularization of disaster prevention and mitigation technology. In addition, there is a lack of intermediate links in the promotion of scientific research achievements and an operating mechanism suitable for the law of disaster prevention and mitigation, and the conversion rate of scientific research achievements in disaster prevention and mitigation is low. The popularization and application rate of some scientific research achievements in disaster prevention and mitigation is not enough 10%, which seriously affects the in-depth development of national disaster prevention and mitigation work and the further improvement of national disaster prevention and mitigation work level.