[Editor] Simon thought, Bova asked an important question: Where are all the women? Looking back at history, even if western philosophy mentioned women in the discussion, it was at best regarded as a supplement rather than a theme. Some feminists believe that since Socrates, philosophy has been based on the argument and confrontation of "male" style. However, it is undeniable that philosophy has always been a refuge and a luxury, which can only be enjoyed by those who are freed from tired physical labor, or make a living, or clean up and take care of their families. Feminist philosophy challenges the whole western tradition. Although philosophy claims to be universal and all-encompassing, it does not include or pay attention to the women next door. Philosophy never asks whether women have different views on things or whether women ask the same questions in the same way as male philosophers. Therefore, the most radical change caused by feminism in contemporary philosophy is that the individual's "viewpoint" becomes the central concept, which Nietzsche calls "perspective". Different people are in different positions and may "see" different worlds. Therefore, the diversification of perspectives may replace the struggle for a single "objectivity". /%E8% A5% BF% E8% 92% 99% C2% B7% E6% B3% A2% E5% A8% 83 Education simone de beauvoir is a famous French existentialist writer, one of the founders of the feminist movement and Jean-Paul Sartre's lifelong companion. Also translated by Simon Bova. Simon Lucy-ernestine-Marie-Bertrand de Beauvoir, born in Paris, graduated from Paris Teachers College, passed the examination in 1929, and obtained the qualification of philosophy teacher at the same time with Sartre. Since then, she has become Sartre's de facto lifelong companion and has never fulfilled the marriage formalities. This is the highest state of a partner, not bound by a paper engagement, but more real than an engagement. [Edit this paragraph] Born and Married Beauvoir was born in a relatively conservative and wealthy family, but she refused her parents' arrangements for her career and marriage at an early age and was very independent. After she and Sartre met, they shared the same love of books and aspirations, and became * * * * partners. However, they never fulfilled the marriage formalities and respected each other's sexual relations with others all their lives, but both of them were. Love based on * * * belief is very powerful. After Sartre's death, Beauvoir wrote "Farewell Ceremony", which is a painful memory of the last days of living with Sartre and shows strong love. [Edit this paragraph] Beauvoir combined existentialism philosophy with realistic morality and wrote many novels and papers. Her novel "Dignitary" won the highest literary prize in France-the Gonger Prize for Literature. The theme of the novel is to show that intellectuals cannot serve the revolution and truth at the same time. Although the revolutionary purposes and methods of the two protagonists are different, they both failed and died in a complicated relationship. In addition, she has written many novels, such as Female Guest, Other People's Blood, Death is inevitable, Romantic Stories of Celebrities, and papers such as Building an Ambiguous Ethics, Existentialism Theory and the Wisdom of All Nationalities, Pirus and Sneas, etc. And put forward the relationship between moral norms and existentialism theory. She has always been regarded as the second Sartre. [Edit this paragraph] Beauvoir's most important work is The Second Gender, which is considered as the "Bible" of the feminist movement. Except the natural physiological gender, all the "feminization" characteristics of women are caused by society. So are men. This is the most important point of her book. She pointed out in the book that women are weak because of poor physical strength. When life requires physical strength, women will feel weak and fear freedom. Men fix women's inferior status by law, but women are still willing to obey. She disagreed with Engels' view that the transition from matriarchal clan society to paternal clan society meant that men regained power, and that women never gained power in history, even in matriarchal clan society. She believes that the real liberation of women must be given the right to choose their children freely and be over-neutralized. The English version of her book is very popular in the United States, which has greatly promoted the feminist movement since the 1960s. Beauvoir died, Sartre was buried in panas cemetery. [Edit this paragraph] Life experience-Born in a scholarly family in Paris, Simon lived a comfortable and stable life since childhood. 1929, in the French college and middle school teacher qualification examination. Sartre won the first place in the philosophy exam, and Simon won the second place. This year, Sartre was twenty-four years old and Simon was twenty-one. At this point, the love between them is only intellectual mutual admiration. According to Simon's memories in his later years, their initial love affair was mainly ver-bol, which "may be the reason why our relationship is so lasting". After the national examination, Sartre and Simon have frequent contacts. When Simon planned to spend his holiday at his home in the country, the two began to realize the pain of the coming separation. Within a few days, their relationship changed from intellectual discussion to physical attraction. Simon later recalled: "that summer, I seemed to be struck by lightning, and the idiom love at first sight suddenly took on a particularly romantic meaning." "When I said goodbye to him in early August, I already felt that he would never leave my life again." Simon's days in the country were very painful. Maybe sincere love touched heaven. One morning, her cousin came in and told her gently that there was a young man waiting for her in the field. It's Sartre. But her parents have no intention of inviting her to have lunch with Sartre. Relying on his enthusiastic cousin to deliver meals, poor Sartre spent several nights alone in the wild. Finally, love drove Simon to take food to see Sartre in the wild, regardless of his parents' opposition. They spent a real day together. On this day, they made love for the first time. That night, Simon went home. "No one talks, my father ignores me, my mother cries in the room, and my cousin thinks our event is very romantic. I'm relieved. Everything is clear. My parents can no longer control my life. Now I am really responsible for myself. I can do whatever I want, and they can't manage me anymore. " Yes, Sartre can never leave her life. They fell in love from 1929 to 1980 when Sartre died. They spent 5 1 spring and autumn together. Although they never performed the legal marriage formalities, they even kept their own house. 193 1 year, Simon went to Marseille to teach. Sartre went to le havre to teach. During this period, a woman named Olga came into their lives. Although this triangle relationship occupied a short time in their love journey, it left Simon with enough themes to complete her debut novel, The Uninvited Guest. 1939, World War II broke out. Sartre went to the front. Between bullets, Sartre writes love letters to his "dear charming beaver" every day. ("Beaver" is Simon's nickname) 1945, Sartre, Simon and several friends co-founded the monthly Existentialism. Published in 1949, The Second Sex, regarded as "Bible" by later generations, was published. 1954 won the Gongga Award of "dignitaries". Visiting China in the 1950s. The result of this trip was the publication of the Long March. Simon published the love letter Sartre wrote to her in his later years. The name of this book is a letter to beaver. Unfortunately, "Beaver" didn't write any reply. Simone De Beauvoir died in Paris on April 4th, 1986. At the age of 78. Simon's death caused repercussions all over the world. Various reputations have come and gone. At that time, Ma Erkai, then general secretary of the French * * * Production Party, made a particularly profound remark: "Beauvoir is far from agreeing with all the views of the * * * Production Party, and her argument with us is unwavering, but I would like to pay tribute to her on behalf of all the French * * * Production Party party member, because she always represents an important moment in the development of our social progress thought." Introduction: This book is known as "the most complete, rational and intelligent female book in history" and even regarded as the "Bible" for western women. Based on the cultural content covering philosophy, history, literature, biology, ancient myths and customs, she discussed the actual situation of women's situation, status and rights in the historical evolution from primitive society to modern society, and discussed the gender differences in the history of women's individual development. The Second Sex can be regarded as an encyclopedia overlooking the whole women's world, which opened the prelude to the long-standing gender discrimination in the women's cultural movement and made women wake up in this patriarchal society. About the author Simon Beauvoir was born in a bourgeois family with strong Catholic color in Paris. She has multiple identities, such as writer, philosopher, essayist and dramatist. She met Sartre at the age of 265,438+0, followed him from then on, and formed a lifelong companion with Sartre, choosing not to have children. Influenced and inspired by existentialism, she became a representative figure of existentialism and a pioneer of feminist movement. Her main works include Simon Beauvoir's A Journey to America, which is full of adults and old people.