Graduation thesis of medical imaging Part I: Abstract of graduation thesis of medical imaging "Teaching mode reform of medical imaging laboratory technology in higher vocational colleges"
By updating the content of practical teaching, reforming the teaching organization method, inheriting and carrying forward the fine tradition of traditional teaching, making full use of medical simulation teaching, and reforming the practical teaching mode of medical imaging examination technology.
Contents of medical imaging graduation thesis
Medical image inspection technology; Teaching methods; study
The teaching of medical imaging examination technology is based on explaining the knowledge of X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, imaging nuclear medicine examination technology, X-ray photo processing technology, image quality management of radiation diagnosis, etc., with the premise of cultivating students' professional operation skills, and its key point is to improve students' professional thinking and operation ability. At present, in the face of people's increasing awareness of the legal system and medical care knowledge under the new situation, it is even more necessary for medical personnel to examine, diagnose and treat patients with the help of various advanced inspection and diagnosis equipment, and to have superb and skilled operation skills and accurate comprehensive judgment ability to reduce and eliminate the occurrence of medical accidents. This is not only an important task for all medical workers, but also a great challenge for prospective medical workers who are about to leave school. Teaching quality will directly affect the comprehensive ability of medical imaging technology professionals. Therefore, the medical imaging department of our hospital has improved the teaching mode, used advanced medical teaching equipment, adopted multimedia teaching and simulation training, and paid attention to the cultivation of students' practical ability, so that students can master the theoretical knowledge and operational ability required by the teaching syllabus before entering the clinic, and achieved good results.
1 data and methods
Three classes from the Department of Medical Imaging of Zhangjiakou Institute of Education participated in the reform of the teaching mode, including 44 students majoring in medical imaging technology in Grade 08, 49 students majoring in medical imaging technology in Branch 08 and 39 students majoring in management and maintenance of imaging equipment in Grade 08. In contrast, Zhangjiakou Education College has three classes of medical imaging in 07, including 40 students in class 07 of medical imaging technology/kloc-0, 2 classes of medical imaging technology in 07 1 7, and 46 students in branch of medical imaging technology in 07. Adopt the old classroom teaching mode. The teaching reform focuses on the combination of theoretical knowledge and operational practice of medical imaging technology, which is divided into two parts.
1. 1 Classroom teaching adopts multimedia means, and PPT courseware is made by teachers, which is vivid and interesting. Make full use of all kinds of hospital imaging clinical medical records, and adopt heuristic, discussion, intuitive imaging teaching method, discovery teaching method and task-driven teaching method to change students' passive learning into active learning and improve their initiative and enthusiasm in learning. In clinical probation teaching, students are organized to visit, practice and simulate teaching in the training room of our hospital and the imaging department of affiliated hospital. For example, after the general introduction, arrange students to go to the hospital for probation, combine theory, establish an intuitive impression, eliminate mystery, improve students' love, lofty sense of responsibility and pride in this major, and thus improve students' ultimate quality and consciousness of learning this major well.
1.2 appropriately increase training time and simulate training teaching, which provides a reliable guarantee for students' training. Students operate the training machine to simulate the scanning process of each part, which not only deepens the understanding of the theory but also improves the operation skills [1]. In clinical practice teaching, students are mainly arranged to go to the teaching hospital for skill training for a period of time. According to careful arrangements, students are trained in the hospital imaging department under the guidance of teaching teachers. On the one hand, students visit the actual post environment, feel the post atmosphere, enhance their sense of morality and responsibility, and stimulate their enthusiasm for learning. On the other hand, they increase practical operation opportunities, learn well and master quickly [2]. Table 108 Classroom Teaching Arrangement of Medical Imaging Department
Two results
The theoretical written test and practical ability test were carried out for the specialized courses of Grade 08 and Grade 07 respectively, and teachers were required to make an overall evaluation of students' comprehensive ability, and the average scores of each class were compared.
2. 1 Through the teaching reform, the average scores of practical and written tests in various professional courses in Grade 08 are higher than those in Grade 07, and teachers' evaluation of students' overall comprehensive ability is higher than that in various professional courses in Grade 07. Students are confident in their technical ability and can operate skillfully in hospital practice. Even if they encounter unusual cases, they can quickly accept new knowledge through their solid theoretical and practical knowledge.
2.208 The average score of internship and written test in medical imaging technology specialty course is higher than that in 08 medical imaging technology specialty course and 08 imaging equipment management and maintenance specialty course.
Through the comprehensive analysis of students' scores in various courses, it is found that students' scores and abilities have been significantly improved after the reform, and the scores are directly proportional to the training situation. The test scores of classes with training arrangements are significantly higher than those without training, and the test scores of classes with long training time are significantly higher than those of classes with short training time. Table 308 Average Scorecard of Students in Each Class Table 407 Average Scorecard of Students in Each Class
3 discussion
It takes a lot of practice, skill training, experience accumulation and professional thinking to grow from a student majoring in imaging technology to a qualified doctor. Improving the professional quality of medical students majoring in imaging technology is the ultimate goal of teaching. In order to achieve the training goal of medical education and meet the needs of social development, practice teaching reform is imperative. In the past, the teaching of image inspection technology focused on the explanation of theoretical knowledge. This teaching method is teacher-centered, classroom-centered, and book-centered. Teachers are only responsible for discipline and students are only responsible for taking notes. This kind of spoon-feeding teaching of students' passive learning is also to cope with exams, ignoring the improvement of operational skills, which is not conducive to the cultivation of students' ability and makes students feel overwhelmed after engaging in clinical work. Through the teaching reform, the tendency of emphasizing theory over practice in traditional education has been changed, the organic combination of theoretical teaching and practical operation has been strengthened, students' learning interest and creativity have been stimulated, the overall teaching level has been improved, and good results have been achieved [3].
Through the production of multimedia teaching software, students can obtain clear and intuitive three-dimensional images of anatomical structures, which are illustrated and vivid. It also aroused students' interest in learning and left an unforgettable impression on students after class. We use multimedia as a teaching aid, choose the key and difficult points in the textbook, and combine the typical cases of common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases to show them in the form of multimedia, so that students can easily master the knowledge that is difficult to understand and describe in words. Take the problem-centered teaching method to cultivate students' self-learning ability and creativity [4].
In addition, we advocate medical simulation education [1], apply medical simulation equipment to the technical practice teaching of imaging technology specialty through practical skills training, medical simulation centers and even simulated hospitals, and advocate carrying out practice and assessment in a way close to the real environment of hospitals and more in line with medical ethics. We have complete imaging equipment, such as: imaging examination technology and X-ray room, digital imaging and PACS room, imaging equipment room, imaging diagnosis reading room, CT operation room and equipment storage room; Ultrasonic diagnosis room, through simulation teaching, not only solves the problem of relative shortage of patients, but also provides students with systematic and perfect operation opportunities.
Practice teaching is the focus and difficulty of medical education, and more research and exploration of teaching models that meet the needs of development is the driving force to promote the development of medical education. Medical image examination technology is an applied subject, and the key to teaching is to cultivate students' practical ability and practical problem-solving ability. Improve teachers' comprehensive quality and sense of responsibility, focus on clinical teaching, organize teaching rounds and various teaching seminars, strengthen teaching management and popularize new teaching methods, pay close attention to teaching implementation and quality control, formulate perfect rules and regulations, scientific teaching quality standards and practical teaching evaluation index system, strengthen teaching process management, and strictly implement teaching implementation and quality control measures. In the process of clinical teaching, patients often refuse interns? Touch? When it comes to patients' private medical activities, the embarrassing situation is even more serious. Teachers should cooperate by doing patients' ideological work, provide students with practical operation opportunities as much as possible, and supervise every step of the operation to prevent unnecessary harm to patients.
By increasing simulated practical skills training and clinical practice, students can master technical operation skills as much as possible to meet the needs of future employment. Only by flexibly applying what you have learned, combining theory with practice and transforming theoretical knowledge into corresponding skills and abilities can you form a solid knowledge structure and lay a good foundation for independent work in the future.
Literature of graduation thesis of medical imaging
Changyuan Wang, Qin Jian, Jing Wong, et al. Development of medical simulation education [J]. China Primary Medicine, 2007,14 (1):170-171.
2 Guo Jinsong, Zhang Donghua, Bai Hong, et al. Establishment and practice of clinical skills simulation training center [J]. China Higher Medical Education, 2006,20 (10): 77-79.
3 Ethan, Zhao Zunqiang, Yuan Yude, et al. Curriculum and Reform of Higher Medical Imaging Education \[J\]. Journal of Medical Imaging, 2003, 13(5):373-375.
4 Ethan, Liu Linxiang, Feng Shengping, et al. International comparison of medical imaging education in medical colleges [J]. Medicine and Philosophy, 2003,24 (8): 57-59.
Graduation thesis of medical imaging Part II: Discussion on standardization construction of medical imaging technology.
With the wide application of medical imaging technology in clinic, the standardization of medical imaging technology is becoming more and more prominent. This paper discusses the standardization construction of medical imaging technology from the aspects of improving the quality of medical imaging technical team, the digitalization construction of medical imaging network working system, and the writing of medical imaging diagnosis report.
Contents of medical imaging graduation thesis
Medical imaging technology; Diagnosis; standardize
Standardization of medical imaging technology means that medical imaging diagnosis reaches a certain standard, that is, the diagnostic level is continuously improved by means of medical imaging examination. It requires that the inspection items should be carried out reasonably according to the conditions of equipment and instruments, and reach a certain level or quality standard within a certain period of time. The ultimate goal is to improve the diagnosis rate, reduce missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, and meet the needs of patients to the greatest extent. However, China has a vast territory and uneven distribution of medical resources, and the equipment and level of medical imaging technology in different hospitals are quite different, even in the same hospital. In order to further improve the diagnostic level of medical imaging and provide understandable and understandable diagnostic basis for clinic accurately and reliably, it is imperative to strengthen the standardization construction of medical imaging technology.
1 improve the quality of medical imaging technical team
Medical imaging equipment is constantly updated and the cycle is getting shorter and shorter. Images based on high-tech imaging equipment are undergoing tremendous changes. The knowledge range, working principle and performance of constantly updated equipment involve extensive knowledge in computer field and engineering field. In the traditional sense, imaging technicians, regardless of their age, should be familiar with, master and even master this new digital imaging technology from scratch, that is to say, they should change from the old working mode to a more open and diversified medical technology concept. To establish a new concept of medical technology, we should at least start from the following aspects. First of all, we should take the time to improve our English listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation skills quickly. Digital equipment is displayed in English in terms of interface display, operation tips, site selection, projection mode and post-processing content. English is both a foundation and a tool. At the same time, with the development of China's medical industry, academic exchanges with domestic and foreign countries will be more frequent, and the speed of introducing advanced technology and equipment will also be accelerated. Only by constantly improving English level can we further apply and develop image processing functions and use new equipment reasonably and efficiently. Secondly, we should read more professional or popular publications about IT network and computer information technology, understand the operation of the network, make clear the concepts of image intake, deletion, processing, transmission, storage and printing, and accumulate and enrich this knowledge through cooperation with programming and network engineers. Third, constantly improve the knowledge structure of image diagnosis. The anatomical structure, physiology, pathology and pathological evolution of various parts of human body, the display of its images on the monitor is different from the needs of related diagnosis, and the parameters of digital images are adjustable and fault-tolerant. How to make the posture design more reasonable in the post-processing of images, how to make the region of interest real and have the characteristics needed for clear diagnosis, puts forward higher requirements for technicians to comprehensively use imaging knowledge and diagnostic knowledge.
2. Establish a medical image network working system.
With the advent of the digital age, medical imaging, a comprehensive subject, has gradually entered a new era of comprehensive digitalization from image projection, imaging, film reading, report writing and remote consultation. For example, in recent years, the introduction and clinical application of advanced color Doppler ultrasound examination instruments have broadened the scope and service objects of ultrasound examination, and the ultrasound images, diagnostic information and workload have doubled. However, original handwritten reports, thermal printed images, manual medical record filing, retrieval and query, workload statistics, etc. It obviously affects the work efficiency and service quality, and cannot better serve teaching, scientific research and patient diagnosis and treatment. All these put forward realistic requirements for the establishment and perfection of medical image network working system. Medical imaging room, as a medical department of the hospital, is closely related to patients and clinical departments. This connection is simply expressed as the requirements of the application form of patients and clinical departments and the reply of the inspection report form of the imaging room. The imaging room is an orderly process from receiving the application form to issuing the inspection report. The efficiency, service quality and good connection of each work will reflect the overall work efficiency, service quality and management level of the imaging room. This requires an integrated operation from booking registration to issuing reports (as shown in figure 1).
Figure 1 Flow chart of image network working system (omitted)
The establishment and clinical application of image network working system can not only realize the general information of patients? Image acquisition? Archiving all the information in the diagnosis report can improve the diagnosis level and service quality, reduce medical disputes, and improve patient satisfaction because of the transparency and openness of medical order and the warmth of medical services, which greatly contributes to the establishment of a harmonious doctor-patient relationship. At the same time, the establishment of the network truly reflects the enjoyment of medical information, so that the X-ray, CT, MRI images and diagnostic opinion reports taken by patients in one hospital still have reference value in remote consultation or referral to other hospitals for consultation, consultation or treatment, and there is no need for repeated examination, which not only saves manpower and material resources, reduces the waste of medical resources, but also reduces the economic burden of patients. The process of digitalization has greatly shortened the time from receiving medical consultation to sending reports, from the past. Reducing the waiting time of patients has become an important standard to measure the quality of medical services. In order to do this well and shorten the time consumption of each link, it is particularly important to use information transmission to make each link run smoothly.
3. Improve the medical image diagnosis report
3. 1 basic process standardization medical image diagnosis report is one of the important bases for clinicians to diagnose and determine the treatment plan, and it is also an important medical document. The quality of report writing represents the diagnostic level of the department and the level and development of the whole discipline. This requires medical imaging staff to consult medical records, understand the condition, comprehensively observe and systematically analyze, identify, compare and synthesize with the clinic, and write a report to make a conclusion.
3.2 Basic Format The format of standardized medical image diagnosis report is a form, and the content it reflects must meet the requirements of quality assurance and quality control. Looking at the current diagnosis reports at home and abroad, there are various forms and different sizes and complexities. However, from the perspective of quality assurance and quality control, the general format of medical image diagnosis report should include the following five items in turn: general information, including patient's name, gender, age, department, hospitalization number, ward, bed, outpatient number, X-ray number, CT number, MRI number, DSA number, X-ray serial number, inspection date and report date. Inspection name and inspection method or technology; Medical imaging manifestations or discussions, such as X-ray, CT, MH, DSA, etc. Medical image diagnosis or impression part; Write a report, review the report, and have the doctor's signature. In clinical work, the above five contents can be embodied in the following format. The first is a segmentation description method from image marking or discussion to image diagnosis or impression. The second is the segmentation description from image diagnosis or impression to image logo or discussion. The third is a mixed description method of image symbols or discussions and image diagnosis or impression. The fourth is the table format, which is to design the report into a fixed table. Fifth, arrange the items one by one, arrange the observation contents in order, and fill in the normal, abnormal or opinions in the reserved space. Among them, the second report format is the most widely used and commonly used one at present, because it conforms to the five contents of standardized reports and inspection standards, and is one of the currently recognized standard formats.
3.3 Basic Requirements Standardized writing The general principle of standardized report content is that the image description is concise, and the important parts or contents are written first to answer the requirements of clinicians; Lesions should be quantified and described by morphological and imaging markers. Imaging examination should compare signs, make necessary differential diagnosis, and finally draw the conclusion of imaging examination. General and routine items should be complete, the description should be orderly, the primary and secondary items should be clear, and the description should be consistent with the diagnosis conclusion. In addition, it also requires neat handwriting, fluent sentences and standardized terminology.
3.4 Precautions: Medical image report is a legally binding medical document that converts pathological images into words. It emphasizes objectivity and scientificity, and it is forbidden to mix subjective impressions. Don't arbitrarily diagnose diseases based on images, and don't rely too much on clinic, so you must write accurately and objectively. This must be described by standardized imaging academic language or anatomical and pathological names, and can't be written by personal hobbies. Seeking truth from facts and not practicing fraud are the most basic requirements for medical imaging technicians. In a word, it is urgent and urgent to strengthen the standardization of medical imaging technology, which requires many efforts. Only in this way can we improve the accuracy of medical image diagnosis, better serve the clinic and benefit patients.
Literature of graduation thesis of medical imaging
Jerry Lee, Yang Demin, Miao Zhuang, et al. Establishment and clinical application of ultrasonic imaging network working system [J]. China Journal of Modern Imaging, 2005, (12): 1078? 1080.
Duan Shaoyin, Cai Guo Xiang, Feng Ye, et al. Discussion on standardization of medical imaging diagnosis report writing [J]. China Modern Imaging Journal, 2000, (1):90? 9 1.
Lin Haibo, Cao Ran, Hui Ye, et al. Problems in the digital construction of imaging technology [J]. Modern Hospital, 2004, (6): 1 17? 1 18.
The third part of the graduation thesis of medical imaging: introduction to the relationship between medical imaging technology and medical imaging diagnosis.
Medical imaging is a new medical technology, covering X-ray, ultrasound, CT, nuclear magnetic resonance, interventional therapy and many other different categories. Since Roentgen discovered X-ray film in 1895, medical imaging technology has developed rapidly. Before that, doctors could only rely on palpation to understand the patient's internal situation, but both dissection and palpation had certain risks. Due to the obvious differences in imaging principles and inspection methods, the inspection scope is also different, and the inspection technology is also prominent. Therefore, imaging technology has a strong dependence on image diagnosis, and gradually evolved from a diagnosis based on a certain morphological change to a comprehensive diagnosis system of functional, morphological and metabolic changes.
First, the professional complementarity between medical imaging technology and medical imaging diagnosis.
Medical imaging diagnosis is inseparable from the support of medical imaging technology, and there is a very close relationship between them. The improvement of medical imaging technology and the expansion of work level need the scientific guidance of imaging diagnosis, and the improvement of medical imaging diagnosis level also needs high-level medical imaging technology as a guarantee. Only by feeding back the results in time through medical imaging diagnosis can the technical level of medical imaging be gradually improved. Because the imaging principles of different medical imaging technologies are different, and different imaging technologies are highly professional, such as ultrasound, CT, MRI and other methods have their own characteristics, in the process of clinical application, we can find that different technologies have their own advantages, but there are also some shortcomings and defects. For the diagnosis of diseases, the most accurate conclusion can be drawn not by medical imaging technology, but sometimes by only one imaging technology, while other inspection methods are difficult to find abnormalities. Even though different imaging techniques can examine some diseases, the most economical and appropriate examination method should be chosen for the economic benefit of patients.
Medical imaging technology and medical imaging diagnosis are closely related in essence. They are interdependent, permeated and restricted, and promote their respective development in the process of mutual promotion. With the continuous maturity and development of medical imaging technology, the boundary between medical imaging diagnosis and medical imaging timeliness is gradually blurred. In the whole medical environment, with the emergence and rapid development of new business, new technology, new materials and sexual science, medical imaging diagnosis and medical imaging technology have been effectively integrated, which has shortened the treatment period of patients to a certain extent and greatly improved the medical level.
Second, the professional independence of medical imaging technology and medical imaging diagnosis
At present, in the clinical application of medical imaging technology, there are high requirements for professional doctors, including: first, understanding and mastering professional operation skills and related theoretical knowledge in CT, nuclear magnetic resonance, ultrasound medicine, conventional radiology and so on; Second, understand and master the theoretical knowledge about electronics, basic medicine and clinical medicine; Third, in the process of disease diagnosis, we have a certain understanding of the application and main functions of various imaging diagnosis technologies; Fourth, understand the development trend and main technologies of different professional branches such as medical imaging.
In the current application of medical imaging diagnosis, the requirements for professional doctors mainly include the following aspects: First, master the professional knowledge of modern medical imaging, basic medicine and clinical medicine; Second, in the process of diagnosing patients with clinical diseases, we should skillfully apply various imaging diagnostic techniques; Third, be able to deeply understand and be familiar with clinical techniques and knowledge related to medical imaging; Fourth, understand the development trend and main technologies of different professional branches such as medical imaging.
Medical imaging technology mainly provides scientific reference for the imaging diagnosis of clinical diseases, and can help professional doctors to obtain accurate and reliable imaging information and knowledge, thus providing a vital basis for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Medical image diagnosis is mainly to observe and analyze all kinds of information provided by medical imaging technology, and summarize these information, so as to draw the most objective and fair image diagnosis conclusion.
Three. Concluding remarks
To sum up, medical imaging technology and medical imaging diagnosis are mutually integrated. The former is inseparable from the support of the latter, and the clinical application effect of the latter depends on the latter. Medical imaging diagnosis technology and medical imaging diagnosis promote and restrict each other in clinical application. Therefore, medical imaging technicians and imaging diagnosticians should implement quality control and quality management in strict accordance with relevant standards, gradually improve the efficiency and level of clinical medical diagnosis, and give full play to the clinical application value of medical imaging while further alleviating patients' pain.
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