"Fish Breathing" is the teaching content in the first volume of the eighth grade of the new biology textbook published by People's Education Press. After careful analysis of teaching materials and standards, I think that the experiment on fish breathing can improve students' interest in learning, cultivate students' various abilities and improve their biological science literacy. Therefore, the theme of this lesson is why fish can't live without water. In order to fully arouse students' interest, a series of inquiry experiments were designed, and related courseware and teaching AIDS were made to help students explore the reasons why fish cannot live without water.

First, the teaching objectives

Knowledge goal: Through teaching, let students know the position, morphological structure and physiological characteristics of gills, and then understand why fish can't live without water.

Ability goal:

1. Further cultivate students' experimental operation ability of correctly using common tools and instruments such as microscope through experiments.

2. Through teaching, students can learn to use their own biological knowledge to analyze and solve practical problems in life and production.

3. Cultivate students' observation ability, thinking ability, experimental ability, self-study ability and drawing ability through inquiry learning activities.

Emotional attitude and value goal;

1. Through students' experiments, further cultivate students' scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts, certain exploration spirit and innovative consciousness.

2. Starting from common life phenomena, guide students to explore and experiment, so that students are willing to explore the mysteries of life.

3. Let students apply what they have learned and realize the value of life science.

4. Further cultivate students' sense of unity and cooperation through students' cooperative experiments.

5. Further help students to establish dialectical materialism compatible with structure and function. ...

Rebellious thinking and scientific innovation

Rebellious thinking is a necessary condition for scientific innovation, but it does not mean scientific innovation itself. Only through arduous exploration and long-term unremitting struggle can we think about the unsolved problems of mankind, solve the unsolved mysteries of mankind and create human pioneering work.

Throughout the history of scientific development, every scientific innovation leads to the reconstruction of scientific theoretical system and structure, which makes science develop rapidly and promotes the reform and progress of economy and even the whole society. So, what drives scientific innovation? In addition to objectively having the conditions of the times at that time, the most important internal cause is the subjective rebellious thought of scientific workers.

What is rebellious thinking? The practice of scientific innovation shows that rebellious thinking is a way of thinking that breaks through the conventional stereotype and transcends the traditional theoretical framework, and points the way of thinking to new fields and new objects. It is not superstitious about the original traditional concepts and classic creeds, but critically thinks about established things, which embodies a rebellious spirit. This kind of thinking is unreasonable or even absurd to ordinary people, but it is precisely because of this kind of thinking that scientists can get rid of the shackles of traditional concepts and habits, leap forward to new scientific achievements, create new ideas and theories, lead to the emergence of scientific revolution, and realize the replacement of old and new theories.

It can be said that every scientific innovation in the history of science is the result of rebellious thinking, which either overturns the original absurd theory and outdated theory, or breaks through the limitations of the original theory and leads science to a new field. Marx likes to take "doubt everything" as his motto. He examines everything created by human beings with a critical eye and relives everything created by human thoughts. It is in this critical examination and exploration that he made two brilliant discoveries: surplus value theory and historical materialism. A careful observation of the shapes of the two sides of the Atlantic shows that the continental margins are completely coincident, but we can't put forward an anti-traditional idea because of the concept that the earth is motionless in the minds of ordinary people. At the beginning of the 20th century, German scientist Wei ...