? Paper Keywords: indoor gas accident carbon monoxide poisoning explosion
? Abstract: Residential gas users are concentrated in densely populated areas. Once a gas accident happens, it will not only hurt yourself, but also hurt neighbors, with serious consequences. In this paper, the characteristics and types of indoor gas safety accidents are analyzed layer by layer, and the existing problems and countermeasures are expounded in detail for your reference.
1 preface
With the rapid development of urban gas, the continuous expansion of gas supply scope and the increase of the number of users, all kinds of risk factors related to gas are increasing day by day, and the safety problem of gas use is becoming increasingly prominent. Indoor gas accidents occur frequently, and the resulting casualties and property losses are also on the rise year by year. This situation has attracted great attention from all sides.
In order to effectively prevent indoor gas accidents and change the current situation that gas safety management pays more attention to "after-event process" and lacks foresight, it is necessary to analyze the causes, laws and hazards of indoor gas accidents and find out the relationship between safety hazards and indoor accidents. On this basis, the indoor natural gas risk assessment is implemented, and the gas risk management system is gradually established, so that the safety management is changed from passive accident investigation and repeated accident rectification cycle to pre-analysis, prediction and active prevention and control analysis, and finally the safety management of gas enterprises is ensured to develop in a scientific and standardized direction, and the gas accidents and their harm are controlled to a minimum.
2 Characteristics and types of indoor gas safety accidents
2. 1 Characteristics of indoor gas accidents
2. 1. 1 burst. Gas accidents are often sudden and imperceptible, which makes it impossible for residents to take timely measures to effectively prevent them.
2. 1.2 Harmfulness. After a gas accident, whether it is poisoning or explosion, it will bring loss of life and property, especially when an explosion occurs.
2. 1.3 socializing. Gas leakage will pollute air and water sources; The explosion accident not only caused the property loss and life safety of users themselves, but also affected the property loss and life safety of neighbors.
2. 1.4 complexity. Fire, explosion and poisoning in gas accidents are often accompanied by mechanical injury, corrosion injury and high temperature burn, which brings great difficulties to the work of treating the wounded.
2.2 Types of indoor gas accidents
2.2. 1 carbon monoxide poisoning. There are two main causes of carbon monoxide poisoning: one is caused by man-made gas leakage. Because artificial gas COntains co, it is easy to cause co poisoning after leakage; Second, the CO contained in the flue gas produced by incomplete combustion of gas is not discharged indoors, but accumulates in large quantities indoors, resulting in CO poisoning.
2.2.2 Gas explosion. When gas is mixed with air or oxygen, when the gas reaches a certain concentration, it will form a mixed gas with explosion danger, and it will explode once it meets an open flame. The destructive power of explosion is related to the volume and concentration of mixed gas and the building structure. The main causes of loss and damage caused by explosion are high temperature, high pressure and shock wave.
3 accident cause analysis
3. 1 The connecting hose of gas user's cooker is too long, which is aging and falling off. Generally, the connecting hose of the cooker can't exceed 2m, there can't be a joint in the middle, and it can't go through the wall directly. Steel casing must be added to penetrate the wall, and the hose should be fastened with the hose after being inserted into the gas pipeline and gas appliance interface. Any hose that has been used for more than two years must be replaced with a new hose. When users use gas, the hose is too long, which may cause insufficient gas pressure and ignition failure; The rubber hose is too large in diameter and easy to fall off, resulting in gas leakage, explosion or poisoning. Rubber hose works at high temperature for a long time, which is easy to age, crack and be stubborn. If the hose is not checked frequently and replaced in time, it is also prone to safety accidents.
3.2 Gas combustion does not completely produce CO. For embedded cookers, the air inlet is closed in the box, which easily leads to incomplete combustion; For gas water heaters, the combustion will be incomplete due to the lack of indoor air, and a large amount of CO will accumulate indoors, causing poisoning accidents. In-line water heaters directly discharge flue gas into the room, and the CO in the flue gas is easy to cause user poisoning.
3.3 No flameout protection device is installed in gas appliance. Some gas stoves and gas water heaters are not equipped with flameout protection devices. When the gas flame goes out due to natural factors or the user fails to close the gas appliance valve correctly, it will cause gas leakage and explosion accidents when encountering an open flame.
3.4 Dismantle or alter gas facilities without authorization. "Regulations on the administration of city gas safety" (DecreeNo. twenty-sixth) twenty-sixth. The Ministry of Construction 10) stipulates that units and individuals using pipeline gas facilities shall not dismantle or change gas facilities and appliances without authorization, and shall not extract or use gas in other improper ways without authorization. Some users change the location of gas pipelines, gas meters and other facilities for the needs of home decoration, which is easy to make the pipeline connection poor and cause air leakage; The gas facilities are concealed and packaged, so it is not easy to detect gas leakage, and it will also cause safety accidents. In order to steal gas, some users remove the gas meter, directly connect the hose to the gas supply riser, and then temporarily connect the gas meter when the gas department checks, which is easy to cause a large number of gas leaks and endanger the lives and property of gas users and neighboring households.
3.5 Installation of gas facilities in violation of specifications. Code for Design of Town Gas (GB 50028-1993) (20065438+0 edition) stipulates that indoor gas pipelines shall not pass through inflammable and explosive power distribution rooms, flues, air inlet pipes and other places; Gas pipelines are strictly prohibited from being introduced into bedrooms, and no pipes shall be laid in bedrooms, bathrooms and bathrooms; The user metering device should be installed in a well-ventilated indoor place with non-combustible structure, and it is strictly prohibited to install it in bedrooms, bathrooms, dangerous goods and flammable materials stacking places. Installing gas pipelines and measuring instruments in violation of the above provisions will leave potential safety hazards. Once the gas leaks, it cannot be discharged outdoors in time, causing explosion or poisoning accidents.
4 existing problems and countermeasures
4. 1 There is a problem.
Gas indoor safety is a social problem, and gas enterprises have taken many active and effective measures and achieved remarkable results. However, it should also be noted that the level of gas safety depends on the development level of social productive forces and the quality level of the people. As far as the current indoor gas safety situation is concerned, there are still some problems to be solved urgently. For example, the construction of gas regulations and standards needs to be strengthened and improved; The responsibilities and obligations of both enterprises and users need to be further clarified; Gas appliance's installation market norms, the promotion and application of safety devices and post-maintenance all lack corresponding standardized management; Some users have a weak sense of safety and responsibility; Affected by the quality of employees and the degree of user cooperation, there is still a gap between the quality and effect of indoor safety inspection in gas enterprises; Gas companies lack in-depth and systematic analysis and research on gas indoor safety and complete accident statistics.
4.2 Countermeasures and suggestions
4.2. 1 Strengthen publicity and education.
Indoor gas accidents continue to occur, the important reason is that users lack safety awareness, do not know or care about the hidden dangers that will cause gas safety accidents. If users can clearly know the causes of gas safety accidents and regularly check indoor gas facilities, gas accidents can be greatly reduced. Therefore, we should make full use of newspapers, radio, television and other news media and network technologies, and also actively carry out activities such as gas safety entering communities and schools to publicize and educate the knowledge of gas safety, protection and rescue. It is necessary to print and distribute the knowledge of gas safety to thousands of households, so as to make it a household name, and timely discover and solve various factors that affect the safe use of gas indoors. In addition, according to the seasonal characteristics of indoor gas accidents, safety tips and warnings are implemented to strengthen users' safety awareness.
4.2.2 Strengthen the inspection of residents' gas facilities.
Gas supply enterprises must establish a safety inspection system, regularly check the user's gas pipeline equipment and carry out maintenance. When problems are found, users should be coordinated to solve them in time to prevent safety accidents from happening due to untimely solution. Only in this way can the congenital hidden dangers of gas pipelines be eliminated in the bud in time to ensure the safety of people's lives and property.