Minister Xu Guanhua of the Ministry of Science and Technology put forward at the National Science and Technology Work Conference that during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the Ministry of Science and Technology will allocate 800 million yuan to organize and implement manufacturing informatization projects, and on the basis of arranging discount bonds for information projects of Baosteel, FAW, etc. 19 large enterprises last year, it will continue to take enterprise informatization construction as a special project supported by discount bonds, and strive to basically realize informatization in national key enterprises in five years.
For a long time, the government has attached great importance to enterprise management informatization as an important measure of the strategy of "promoting industrialization with informatization", and vigorously promoted enterprises, especially large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, to actively adopt advanced information management systems such as enterprise resource planning (ERP), supply chain management (SCM) and customer relationship management (CRM). In order to guide the healthy development of this work, in 200 1 year, with the support and participation of Jiangsu Provincial Planning and Development Committee, we conducted a questionnaire survey on the application status and future plans of more than 0/00 large and medium-sized enterprises in the province, and conducted in-depth field visits to key enterprises. This paper briefly introduces the main problems and suggested measures and methods.
First, the main problems existing in the current enterprise management informationization
1. A considerable number of enterprises have insufficient understanding of the importance of implementing advanced information management systems, and the initiative of implementing such systems is not strong, and the system implementation is still in a spontaneous state, which has certain blindness.
2. The process of enterprise reorganization and modern enterprise system construction is relatively slow, the backward management mode of enterprises conflicts with the advanced management concept of information management system, and the tasks of concept renewal, enterprise business process reorganization and organizational restructuring are very heavy.
3. The software market of enterprise information management system is chaotic, and the construction of market system lags behind; The high price of software and high environmental requirements exceed the economic affordability and management infrastructure of a considerable number of enterprises; There is a big gap between the services of software vendors and the requirements of enterprises. In the process of implementation, enterprises need to rely on software vendors to provide more comprehensive and perfect services, but most of the services provided by software vendors still stay on the concept of "taking me as the main" and lack professional consulting institutions to implement information management systems. In this way, in the process of implementing the system, enterprises lack reliable guides, defenders and risk-sharers, which is not conducive to the popularization and application of the system. In addition, there is a shortage of software development talents and application talents. In the survey, 60% enterprises think that the lack of relevant technical talents and brain drain are the key factors restricting the application of the system; The lack of software development talents also restricts the localization of management system software.
5. The government's guidance and support for the application of information management system is not systematic and powerful enough. In the case of multi-head management, the Planning Commission, the Economic and Trade Commission and the administrative department of science and technology all have their own policies of encouragement and support, and their coordination is insufficient.
Second, measures and ways to promote enterprise management informationization
In view of the above situation, in order to realize the strategic goal of enterprise management informatization, it should be further clarified that the ultimate goal of promoting the application of advanced information management system is to improve the competitiveness of enterprises, and the government's promotion should focus on creating an industry and social environment conducive to the application of the system, which is the general idea of designing policies and measures.
The measures and ways for the government to promote enterprise management informatization are as follows:
1. Direct advocacy and promotion through effective government actions-government initiatives
(1) Further clarify the strategic significance of promoting enterprise management informationization, incorporate the application of the promotion system into the development plan, and earnestly implement it.
(2) The government should invest appropriately to establish and gradually improve the information exchange system that supports the publicity, exchange and research of the system application.
(3) Strive to cultivate talents related to software development. The Ministry of Education recently approved some universities to set up software colleges in China, which is an important measure in this regard.
(4) Actively encourage and promote the cooperation among software developers, users and academia, and research and develop advanced management system software products that are suitable for China's national conditions and competitive.
(5) Establish and gradually improve the training system supporting the application of advanced management systems. To this end, we can use social resources by selecting, entrusting, authorizing intermediaries or direct organizations, which requires careful planning and design.
(6) System application demonstration project. Pay attention to the tracking and evaluation of demonstration projects, and introduce a rolling mechanism to ensure the demonstration of demonstration projects.
(7) There should be direct policy incentives (direct policy incentives usually include government subsidies, government procurement, tax incentives and loan arrangements. ). This kind of incentive policy may have obvious effects in a short time, but it may also have negative effects, so it can only be used as an auxiliary means to promote the application of the system. In addition, measures should be taken to ensure the rational use of limited resources.
2. Influence the behavior of software vendors through management-vendor behavior.
(1) Establish and maintain an open and efficient industry environment, limit unfair competition in the form of local protection, and create a good investment environment through the continuous improvement of social and market systems in various aspects such as opening business, financing, talent supply, information acquisition, research and consulting.
(2) Study and establish industry and industry code of conduct. Establish an industry steering committee composed of government departments, experts, software manufacturers and users' representatives to provide institutional and organizational guarantee for standardizing industry behavior and promoting the healthy development of the industry.
(3) Increase support and encourage the development of "localized" software with independent intellectual property rights. Once this kind of software has been tested by the market and welcomed by users, the government can consider giving support in information tips, enterprise and brand promotion, product recommendation and follow-up research and development support.
(4) Actively promote international cooperation in the field of management software. Encourage software enterprises to pass the international certification of software capability maturity model (CMM) standards, and lay the foundation for domestic software to enter the international market.
(5) Establish a high-level system application consulting organization. Professional consulting institutions are required to have a good interdisciplinary knowledge structure, which can not only give enterprises the guidance of correct system implementation methods, but also help the whole process of system planning, process reengineering, software selection, risk control and project organization and implementation according to the characteristics of different enterprises. The government can also actively promote consulting services through industry steering committees to effectively apply the system.
3. Through the government to influence the behavior of management system users-user behavior.
(1) Accelerate the pace of enterprise restructuring and modern enterprise system construction. The effective application of advanced software systems in enterprises directly requires deep-seated changes in strategy, organization and culture. It is important to ensure that leaders who have a strong sense of responsibility, pay attention to learning, are brave and good at leading change take up their posts, and give them the necessary power and influence to promote change.
(2) Actively promote the modernization of enterprise management and improve the level of management system construction. The government should fully affirm the investment of enterprises, especially state-owned enterprises, in management modernization. In addition to financial indicators, the progress of enterprise management system construction should also be regarded as an important aspect of its performance appraisal.
(3) Fully understand and follow the application rules of advanced information management systems. The "number one" should have a high sense of responsibility and mission, and actively promote the system of enterprise chief information officer.
Enterprise informatization has three levels of content, the first level is data, the second level is information flow, and the third level is decision information. According to incomplete statistics, only 20-30% of Chinese enterprises have realized the Internet, less than 10% have realized all CAD, OA and MIS systems, and only 2.9% have realized enterprise e-commerce with ERP system as the core. After China's entry into WTO, how to improve the level of enterprise informatization to enhance international competitiveness has become the focus of attention.
The Ministry of Science and Technology put forward at the National Science and Technology Work Conference that during the "15" period, the Ministry of Science and Technology will allocate 800 million yuan to organize and implement the manufacturing informatization project, and on the basis of the information project arrangement of Baosteel, FAW 19 and other large enterprises last year, it will continue to focus on enterprise informatization construction, support special interest subsidies for national key enterprises, and strive to basically realize informatization within five years.
For a long time, the government has attached great importance to the informatization of enterprise management, taking it as an important measure of the strategy of "promoting industrialization through informatization", and promoting enterprises, especially large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, to actively adopt advanced information management systems such as enterprise resource planning (ERP), supply chain management (SCM) and customer relationship management (CRM). As a guidance for healthy development, we conducted a thorough on-the-spot investigation in the key enterprises that supported and participated in the Jiangsu Provincial Planning and Development Committee in 200 1 00, and investigated the management information technology application and future intention of more than 100 large and medium-sized enterprises in the province. The main problems and the proposed measures and means are briefly introduced.
First, the main problems existing in the current enterprise management informationization
1. A considerable number of enterprises have insufficient understanding of the importance of implementing advanced information management systems, and the initiative of implementing such systems is not strong, and the implementation of the systems is still in a spontaneous state, which has certain blindness.
2. The process of establishing a modern enterprise system is relatively slow, and the management mode of enterprise informatization conflicts with the management concept of advanced management system, so the task of updating business process reengineering and organizational structure adjustment is very heavy.
3. The software market of enterprise information management system is chaotic, and the market system lags behind; The high price of software and high requirements for the environment exceed the basic bearing capacity of quite a few economic enterprises and management environments; There is a big gap between the requirements of software service providers and enterprises. In the process of implementation, enterprises need to rely on software to provide more comprehensive and perfect services, but the services provided by most software vendors still stay in the concept of "we" and lack professional consulting institutions to implement information management systems. In this way, the dependence on enterprises and the lack of reliable guidance in the process of system implementation, as well as rights protection and risk sharing, are not conducive to the promotion and application of the system. In addition, there is a lack of human resources professionals in software development and application. The survey shows that 60% of enterprises believe that the lack of relevant skills and brain drain are the key factors restricting the system; The lack of software development talents also restricts the "localization" of management system software.
5. The government's information management system is not enough guidance, and the support system is not strong enough. There is multi-head management, and the Planning Commission, the Economic and Trade Commission, the Science and Technology Commission, and the Management Office have their own policies to encourage and support each other, and their mutual coordination is insufficient.
Second, measures and means to promote enterprise management informationization
In view of these situations, in order to realize the strategic goal of enterprise management informatization, we should further promote the construction of information management system. The ultimate goal is to improve the competitiveness of enterprises, and the government should strive to create an institutional and social environment conducive to the development of the industry, which is the general idea of policy measures design.
The government's measures and means to promote enterprise management informatization are as follows:
1. Participate in direct publicity and promotion through effective government actions-government initiatives.
(1) further clarifies the strategic significance of promoting enterprise management informatization, and will promote the system to be incorporated into development planning and effectively implemented.
(2) appropriate investment, establish and gradually improve the information communication system to support the publicity, exchange and research of the system.
(3) Strive to cultivate the accumulation of professionals related to software development. The Ministry of Education recently approved a number of colleges and universities to set up national software colleges, which is an important measure in this regard.
(4) Actively encourage and promote software developers, users and academia to unite or cooperate to develop advanced management system software products suitable for China's national conditions and competitive.
(5) Establish and gradually improve the systematic training system supporting advanced management applications. Therefore, the choice can take the form of entrusting, authorizing intermediary agencies or direct organizations, making use of social resources and requiring careful planning and design.
(6) Application for demonstration project construction. Pay attention to the tracking and evaluation of demonstration projects, and introduce a rolling mechanism to ensure the demonstration of demonstration projects.
(7) There are direct policy incentives (direct policy incentives usually include government subsidies, government procurement, tax incentives and loan arrangements. ). This type of incentive policy may have obvious effects in the short term, but it may also have negative effects. It can only be used as an auxiliary means to promote the application of the system. In addition, it is necessary to take measures to ensure the rational use of limited resources.
2. The influence of administrative behavior on the behavior of software suppliers
(1) Establish and maintain an open and efficient trade environment, limit unfair competition in the form of local protection, improve the market system and create a good investment environment through all sectors of society in business, finance, talent supply, information acquisition, research and consultation, etc.
(2) To study and establish trade and industrial codes of conduct. Establish an industry steering committee composed of government departments, experts, software manufacturers and users' representatives to provide institutional and organizational guarantee for standardizing the industry and promoting its healthy development.
(3) Increase support and encouragement for "local" software with independent intellectual property rights. Once this kind of software testing is put on the market by users, the government may consider information tips, enterprise and brand awareness, product recommendation, follow-up research and development and other support forms; D support.
(4) Actively promote international cooperation and management in the field of software. Encourage software enterprises to adopt capability maturity model for software (CMM) standards for international certification, so as to lay the foundation for domestic software to enter the international market.
(5) Establish a high-level consulting organization system. Professional consulting institutions are required to have a good interdisciplinary knowledge structure, which can not only give enterprises correct guidance in implementing the system, but also assist in the whole process of system planning, process reengineering, software selection, risk control, project organization and implementation according to the characteristics of different enterprises. The government actively promotes the effective application of consulting services through steering committees and other industry-oriented systems.
3. The management system influences through user behavior-user behavior.
(1) Speed up enterprise restructuring and establish a modern enterprise system. The effective application of advanced software systems in enterprises directly requires deep-seated corresponding changes in enterprise strategy, organization and culture. It is important to ensure that innovators with strong sense of career responsibility, learning ability, courage and leadership are in a leading position, and they have the necessary power and influence to promote changes.
(2) Actively promote the modernization of enterprise management system and improve management level. The government should fully affirm the investment of enterprises, especially state-owned enterprises, in management modernization. Besides financial indicators, the progress of enterprise management system should also be considered as an important aspect of its performance.
(3) Fully understand and follow the advanced legal application information management system. The "number one" has a high sense of responsibility and mission, and must actively promote the pilot system of enterprise chief information officer.