In the process of English vocabulary learning, learners should follow the law of second language acquisition and master and use a variety of vocabulary learning strategies flexibly. It can be divided into vocabulary strategy, context strategy, arrangement strategy and semantic field strategy.
Vocabulary strategy (word list strategy)
Vocabulary strategies are generally as follows: one column is English words arranged alphabetically, and the other column is Chinese meanings (equivalents, synonyms or synonyms) of these words. Some scholars believe that vocabulary strategies can be used to learn a large number of words quickly and effectively. However, Games and Lederman pointed out that memorizing vocabulary will hinder the full processing and systematic organization of memorizing vocabulary, thus losing the basis of effective long-term memory. Professor Gui Shichun, a language master, also believes that vocabulary strategy is time-consuming and laborious, because it not only equates foreign words with native words, but also isolates them from language and context.
2. Context strategy
Context strategy means that learners guess the new words in the context through the information provided by the context language environment, so as to acquire the words. Context strategy is one of the popular vocabulary learning strategies at present, which can not only enlarge vocabulary, but also enable students to understand the cultural knowledge of the target language. However, Chanel (Carter &; McCarthy, 1988:89) thinks that syllable cognition and stress cognition play a very important role in learners' understanding of vocabulary. In order to better understand vocabulary, the method of learning new words should make learners internalize and absorb new words accurately: that is, learning the pronunciation of a single phonetic symbol, knowing the number of syllables and mastering the stress position. From this point of view, using contextual strategies to learn vocabulary is not a good method.
3. Finishing strategy (flexible strategy)
Arrangement strategy refers to a strategy to understand the deep meaning of learning materials and promote memory through in-depth and meticulous analysis and processing. Pi Liansheng (1998) also mentioned in the book Psychology of Learning and Teaching that "fine processing strategy" (the same as "fine processing strategy") refers to the fine processing of learning materials, that is, the learning method of memorizing new materials by adding relevant information to the materials to be memorized. Such as adding details to the material, citing examples, making inferences or linking it with other concepts. It provides a new way for knowledge retrieval and extraction and additional information for knowledge construction. The key of sorting strategy is to connect the existing experience in learners' minds with the words to be learned, and make full use of the existing experience to deeply process the words to be learned, so as to make them reasonable and meaningful, and then achieve the purpose of understanding and memorizing. Learners' familiar knowledge of mother tongue or foreign language, vivid images in their minds and other relevant knowledge and experience can all be regarded as existing experience.
The most commonly used sorting strategy is association. Association can be divided into affix association, contrast association, relational association, adjacent association and similar association. Psychology believes that association reflects the connection between objective things. It plays an important role in promoting people's psychological activities such as memory, imagination and thinking. When using association to learn vocabulary, through series classification, vertical and horizontal connection, discrimination and decomposition, an interdependent knowledge structure is established in the mind, so as to overcome forgetting and enhance memory. Such as affix association. When learning affixes, learners can think of words composed of ions: cooperation, management, competition, congratulations, description and so on. Through affix association, learners can learn one by one and expand their vocabulary quickly. Krashen also mentioned in the "Input Hypothesis" that language acquisition will only happen if comprehensible input is accepted. The sorting strategy can establish the connection between image and vocabulary, concretize abstract materials, and transform the target words that learners want to remember into understandable input. This information processing process follows Krashen's Input Hypothesis and is an effective English vocabulary learning strategy.
4. Semantic field strategy.
Semantic field theory was first put forward by German scholar J.Tries (quoted from Wu Qianguang, 1995: 94). The core of this theory is to explore the relationship between the concept of category expressed by words and the concept of category expressed by words. According to this theory, words can be combined to form a semantic field under the control of the same concept. For example, under the concept of "house", there is a semantic field as follows.