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Papers on foreign art history
The development history of western music and its representative figures-

Pop music:

jazz

1. The Origin of Jazz Jazz has won the audience's love with its dynamic syncopation rhythm, fully functional jazz scales and unconventional improvisation (or singing), and has also been recognized by people from all walks of life in the music field. It originated from Bruce and Ragtime. After a whole century of development, it is now colorful and full of flowers. Since the birth of the first jazz record 19 17, it has shown great development potential. New Orleans jazz in the early 20th century, swing music played by big bands in the 1930s, Bibo jazz in the 40s, cold jazz in the late 40s, hard-wave jazz in the 1950s, free jazz in the 1960s, rock jazz after the 1970s, and then Latin jazz, which blended jazz and funk jazz ... jazz records of different styles merged into a history of jazz development.

1, the source of jazz-Bruce and ragtime

Bruce (Bruce)

Blues is a form of singing created by blacks after the Civil War. ......

Ragtime music

Ragtime music is the first truly influential music form in American pop music. It was originally

It is a kind of piano music, which was popular from 19 to the end of World War I. ......

2. The birthplace of jazz.

New Orleans (New Orleans)

Jazz was born in the southern American city of New Orleans at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century. ......

2. Early Jazz (from the end of 19 to the mid-1930s)

1, Sir New Orleans

It is generally believed that New Orleans jazz appeared in the 1990s. But the first jazz in history

This record was released in 19 17, and is composed of Original Dixieland.

Jazz band) recorded in New Orleans. ......

2. Chicago jazz

Third, swing music.

In 1930s, a jazz with black style and great dance swing (Example 7) played by big bands began to develop in new york. ......

Fourth, Bibop.

..... Bibpop's melody is very incoherent, but sometimes it bursts out continuously; The rhythm is fragmented; The beat is implicit; Harmony changes frequently and is very complicated (Example 8). The jazz musicians who promoted this style were mainly Charlie Parker and Dizzi Gillette. ......

Cold jazz and hard BOPP

1, cool jazz

At the end of 1940s, as a contrast of Bopp reaction, a brand-new, milder and gentler reaction appeared.

A fresh and relaxed jazz style is called "cold jazz" ......

2. Hard BOP

...... In the late 1950s, in order to compete with cold jazz, hard pop music rose among black musicians in new york. they don't

Full of cold jazz style deeply influenced by classical music, trying to revive Bibpop. ......

Six, free jazz

In 1960s, jazz creation developed rapidly, and the creators tried their best to innovate. They broke all the traditional creative rules. ......

Seven, modern jazz

Judging from the development and evolution of jazz for more than half a century, both musicians and listeners have reached a higher level in artistic interest and knowledge. Simple jazz has been difficult to satisfy their tastes, so they began to combine jazz in a new way, thus producing a mixed culture of jazz. ......

jazz rock

Latin jazz

Bossa Nova (Bosanova)

Fusion jazz

acid jazz

country music

First, the birth of country music.

Country music appeared in the 1920s and originated from the folk music in the agricultural areas of South China in the United States. ......

Second, the swing of the West.

...... Bob Wills from Texas mixed a lot of cowboy songs (a romantic love song from the country) and swing music into country music, creating a western swing style similar to the lineup of "big bands".

Third, bluegrass music.

In the 1940s, another kind of country music called bluegrass music appeared in the mountains of Kentucky. ......

Fourth, the voice of Nashville.

In 1950s, Nashville became a concentration camp for country music, where most famous country musicians came from. So what? Quot Nashville voice has also become synonymous with country music. ...

Fifth, the rebellious era of country music.

...... By the 1970s, country music had become obsolete, so a "rebel movement" changed the traditional mode of country music. ......

Sixth, country singers

John denver (john denver)

Kenny kenny rogers.

George str

Vince gill

Garth brooks (garth brooks)

Shania twain (shania twain)

Rock/roll

First, the emergence of rock music.

1, background

2. The emergence of rock music.

3. The source of rock music

Rhythm and blues

Dingpan Lane (Dingpan Lane)

country music

Second, early rock music.

From the mid-1950s to the early 1960s, rock music grew rapidly from a toddler. During this period, the rock and roll stage showed a prosperous scene. First of all, the two pioneers made a relatively complete positioning of the concept of rock music, and then with the support of many rock stars, they presented three different styles.

1, bill haley (bill haley, 1925 ~ 198 1)

2. Elvis Presley (1935 ~ 1977).

3. Three styles.

Mainstream rock

soft rock

Rock and roll (Rockabilly)

Step 4 surf music

Third, the Beatles and English rock music.

1 and the development of the Beatles

Just as the rock music in the 1950s was represented by Presley, the rock music in the 1960s was promoted and dominated.

The main representative is the Beatles. Not only that, the Beatles are by far the most successful rock and roll in the world.

Rolling belt ......

2. The creative technique of the Beatles

3. The Rolling Stones and other bands

Fourth, folk rock.

1, background

2. Bob Dylan

3, other folk rock

Five, psychedelic rock

1, "Voice of San Francisco"

2. San Francisco Band

3. San Francisco suburb

Jim morrison and the door.

Jimi hendrix (jimi hendrix)

Sixth, art rock.

Art rock rose in Britain in the late 1960s. Its characteristics are: huge structure, complex harmony language, often borrowing themes from classical music as materials, paying attention to the logic of music and the simplicity and unity of music materials. ......

Pink Floyd (Pink Floyd)

Seven, moderate rock and country rock

1, soft rock

2. Country rock

Eagle band

Eight, heavy metals

1, heavy metal

"led zeppelin" band

Black Sabbath band

Guns and Roses.

The band van halen.

The band Bon Jovi.

The band Def Leppard.

"AC /DC" band

"Metal" Band

2, gorgeous rock (glitter rock or glam rock)

Related to heavy metals is another branch of hard rock, "Gorgeous Rock". Its characteristics are not mainly music, but actors' makeup, costumes and theatrical behavior on the stage. The leader in this field is David Bowie. He is often compared to a chameleon. ......

Nine, punk movement

1, punk

The rise and influence of punk movement is mainly in Britain, with the decline of western society, especially in Britain.

Direct contact. ......

2. New wave

3. junk music (Grunge, also translated as "Grenghi")

Junk music, which originated in Seattle, USA in the early 1990s, is also called Seattle.

Voice) ......

nirvana

X. alternative rock

......

The alternative rock we want to introduce here mainly refers to all kinds of post-punk rock after the decline of new wave music from 1983 to 1984. This trend continued until 1995, and alternative rock became the mainstream of rock music.

Alternative rock 1

2. alternative rock

3. Other alternative rock

After 90, female rock singers began to attract people's attention. Among them, singers and bands from non-British and American countries such as Sinni O 'Connor, bjork and "Sour Strawberry" have also achieved great success in European and American music circles.

......

Suoer music

I. Overview

What is soul music? This is how some famous Sol musicians met. ......

Second, gospel songs

/kloc-at the end of 0/9, with the rise of Pentecostalism (one of the Christian sects, mainly composed of the lower classes), the gospel was born. It appeared almost at the same time as ragtime music and jazz. The difference is that it comes from the black church service and is an integral part of the service, but it is also spread through concerts, radio and records.

......

III. Sol Singh

From 65438 to 0948, driven by the Atlantic Ocean, many Sol songs and singers appeared gradually. By the end of 1960s, sol had become an important variety of pop music. ......

Aretha aretha franklin.

James brown (james brown)

Fourth, Motown music.

V. Other Sol Music

In the 1970s, Sol's music continued to develop. Like the whole pop music in the 1970s, it also presents a complicated and diverse situation. Besides the singers and groups mentioned above, Michael Jackson mentioned later, what else? Quot "Psychic Sol" by Slay and Si Tong; "The Earth, Wind and Fire continues the style of Motown but becomes more complicated, and the" blue-eyed soul "gradually rises in Britain.

......

World music

World music is sometimes called national pop music. World music in a broad sense can refer to all national music in the world. However, the world music we are going to introduce here mainly refers to a new form of music that is dominated by American pop music and integrates national music elements from all over the world since the end of World War II.

American pop music has occupied the whole world since the end of World War II. Blues, jazz, rock music, Sol music and other forms are everywhere in the world, which have brought great impact to pop music in various countries. In fact, all this? Quot "America" is actually the gene transfer of African descent, which is the beat of the slave era spreading to North America. When these rhythms were slightly processed and returned to their hometown in a new form, it affected their culture and gave birth to an exciting hybrid variety-world music. World music in 1980s had a great influence on the development of western pop music. Interestingly, this influence is a circular relationship: African black culture, as the source of pop music, has made it develop rapidly, which is obvious to all. However, when this American pop music returned to Africa, it promoted the birth of world music. In the 1980s, when the influence of world music was gradually expanding, musicians from all over the world (especially in Asia and Africa) fully embodied more avant-garde contemporary consciousness through various advanced means, thus returning to promote the development of pop music. Therefore, we can clearly see that world music does not exist in isolation. It combines pop music, folk music and even traditional music.

First, reggae music

1, overview

Reggae music (also translated by Hong Kong and Taiwan as "Reggae Music") originated in Jamaica in the mid-1960s, with a moderate speed, and its notable feature is to emphasize the backhand stress.

......

2. bob marley (1945- 198 1)

3. Other reggae bands

In the late 1970s, when reggae music found a broad market in Europe and America, many musicians began to follow suit. Among them, the British band UB40 and the police? Quot This band is the most famous.

......

Second, Latin music.

The so-called Latin music in this section refers to the Latin American pop music from the Rio Grande River on the border between the United States and Mexico to the southernmost Cape Horn.

Latin America is a multi-ethnic group, so Latin music is a diversified mixed music composed of various kinds of music. Both white music in Europe, black music in Africa, Indian music in America and even Asian music in the East have made different contributions to Latin music. After a long period of precipitation, on the basis of European culture, they also absorbed a lot of factors from Indian culture and African black culture, and gradually formed a colorful, vibrant and energetic Latin culture. So, the beak is in Latin America? Suppress schools? Round hips and protruding hips? Spinal joint? ∫ⓢⓢⓢⓢⓢⓢⓢⓢⓢⓢⓢⓢⓢⓢⓢⓢⓢⓢⓢⓢ𗃪ⓢⓢήήήήήή94

1, the origin and development of Latin music

(1) Indian culture

(2) European (Iberian) culture

(3) African black culture

2. Latin rhythm

From the source of Latin music, we can clearly see that Latin music is a kind of rhythm-centered pop music. Its rhythm is not only a simple law of dynamics, but as the soul of music, it has risen to a dominant position. So in the process of understanding Latin music, the first thing to understand is its rhythm. The following focuses on several representative Latin rhythms and styles.

(1) samba

(2) rumba (rumba; Ruenba)

(3) Mambo Dance

(4) Salsa dance

(5) Chen Wenjing (cha-cha)

tango

The six styles introduced above, together with Bossanova introduced into jazz, as the representative of Latin music, have caused a Latin craze around the world, but in addition to these seven popular categories, there are also the following styles of Latin music that are also very individual, such as Bolero, Guaracha, Habanera, Son and Gua. These styles all come from Cuba. Together with Mambo and Rumba, Cuba is known as the "treasure house of Latin rhythm". Here are several Latin-style band modes for your reference (Example 44).

3. Santana car

In 1960s and 1970s, a musician made great contributions to the spread and development of Latin music. This is Carlos Santana.

......

Third, new era music.

1, overview

In the 1980s, when pop music presented a complicated and diverse situation, various genres of jazz returned to the stage. Rich and varied styles of rock music; Sol's music broke through all lines of defense and continued to spread. At this time, a quiet and gentle emotional music-new era music appeared.

......

2. "mystery"

Enigma (also translated as Enigma) is an American hymn expressed through the rhythm of western pop music. Here, you can feel the distant and mysterious African tribes and the sacred and solemn religious echoes. Many people only hear mysterious voices, but seldom know the story behind "Ingmar". So, what kind of form is it?

......

3. Other New Age Music

......

Enya

Kitaro (Kitaro)

YANNI

Other pop music

First, wave dancing.

1, disco

2. the house.

3. Pop dance music

Second, rap music and hip-hop music.

1, rap

The word rap (sometimes translated as "Rip" or "Rip") originally meant to talk or chat in black slang. As a form of pop music, it originated from the poor black residential areas in new york in the late 1970s. Its main feature is to recite a series of rhyming words and phrases quickly on the background of mechanical rhythm. ......

2. Hip hop music

Hip-hop music is a kind of street culture that came into being in new york in the late 1970s. It covers rap music, DJ's "scratching" and "break dancing" and other cultural forms that are active in the streets.

......

Third, pop music stars.

In this section, we will introduce these singers and bands. They are well-known international celebrities in today's pop music world, and it is not appropriate for each singer to be placed in any chapter. For example, eric clapton's Bruce lineage has made great achievements in pop music; Elton john's pluralistic style, the "new wave" of "U2", electronic taste and the fusion of various elements; Michael Jackson, Mariah Carey and Saul have their roots in Whitney Houston, etc. All this only shows one problem. Pop music is always developing and will continue to flow.

Eric eric clapton.

Elton elton john.

Michael Jackson (Michael Jackson)

Mike Burton (Mike Burton)

" U2 "

Barbra Streisand

Whitney Houston (Whitney Houston)

Madonna (Madonna)

Celine. Celine Dion.

Mariah Carey

-Classical music;

I. Early stage (1000- 1600)

2. Baroque period (1600- 1750)

Vivaldi (1678- 1757) Italy

Gandel (1685- 1759) Germany/UK

Bach (1685- 1750) Germany

Three. Classical period (1750- 1830)

Bach (17 14- 1788) Germany

Haydn (1732- 1809) Australia

Mozart (1756- 179 1)

Beethoven (1770- 1827) Austria

Rossini (1792- 1868) Italy

Schubert (1797- 1828) Austria

4. Early/Middle Romantic School (1830- 1850)

Glinka (1804- 1857) Russian.

Berlioz (1803- 1869) France

Mendelssohn (1809- 1847) Germany

Chopin (18 10- 1849) Polish

Schumann (18 10- 1856)

Liszt (1811-1886) Hungary

Offenbach (18 19- 1880) German/French

5. Late Romantic School (1850- 1930)

Verdi (1813-1901) Italy

Smetana (1824-1884) Czech Republic

Johann Strauss II (1825- 1899)

Brahms (1833- 1897) Germany

Bao Luoting (1833- 1887) Russian.

Musorgskiy (1839- 188 1) Russian.

Rimsky-Korsakov (1844- 1908) Russian.

Tchaikovsky (1840- 1893) Russia

Greg (1843- 1907) Norway

Elgar (1857- 1934)

Puccini (1858- 1924) Italy

Mahler (1860-1911) Germany

Debussy (1862- 19 18)

Richard Strauss (1864- 1949)

Sibelius (1865- 1957) Finland

Rachmaninoff (1873- 1943) Russian.

Ravel (1875- 1937) France

Stravinsky (1882- 197 1) Russia/France

Prokofiev (189 1- 1953)

Gershwin (1897- 1937) USA

Copland (1900- 1990) USA

Shostakovich (1906- 1975) Russia

Stockhausen (1928) German