Original text:
According to solid belief, Qin Xiaogong holds the land of Yongzhou, and the monarch and his subjects stick to it, so that he can get a glimpse of the Zhou family, which has swept the world, embraced the world and swallowed up the heart of the Eight Wastes. When the time is right, Shang Jun will assist him, making laws at home, farming and weaving, maintaining the tools of war, and confronting the vassals abroad. So the Qin people surrendered and took the Xijiang River.
Without filial piety, Huiwen, Wuwu and Zhao Xiang inherited their careers. Because of its legacy, Hanzhong in the south, Ba and Shu in the west, fertile land in the east and key counties in the north. Feared, the vassal states sought to weaken the State of Qin through alliance, and did not cherish the precious and fertile land, so that the people of the world could join hands and become one.
At this time, there are Meng Chang, Zhao Pingyuan, Chu Chunshen and Wei Xinling. These four monarchs are wise and faithful, generous and caring, and respect the virtuous and value the virtuous. They are all from Tianping, belonging to Korea, Wei, Yan, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Song, Wei and Zhongshan.
Moreover, the world is not small and weak, and Yongzhou is solid and self-sufficient. Chen She's position is not respected by Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Song, Wei and Zhongshan. It is not the same as the long shovel and hoe thorn of the hook; The people stationed in the garrison are not resistant to the division of the nine countries; Visionary, marching with troops, not for the people of the times.
However, success or failure is different, and achievements are the opposite. Why? Try to make Lu and Chen She bigger and bigger, and we can't talk about it in the same year. Qin, however, is a mere place, but it has become a thousand times more powerful, with eight countries in the same column, which has been more than a hundred years. Then take Liuhe as home and faith as palace; Water under the bridge, but difficult to be alone. Benevolence and kindness are not applied, and the tendency to attack and defend is different.
Vernacular translation:
It occupies the rugged terrain of Xiaoshan and Hangu Pass, and has the land of Yongzhou, which is firmly guarded by the monarch and ministers, to spy on the Zhou royal family. (Qin Xiaogong) has the intention of sweeping the globe, covering the globe and dominating the globe.
At this moment, Shang Yang assisted him in establishing laws and regulations at home, engaging in agricultural weaving, building defensive and offensive equipment, and implementing the strategy of balancing foreign countries, which made the princes scuffle. Therefore, Qin people easily seized the land west of the Yellow River.
After Qin Xiaogong's death, Huiwen Wang, Xiang and Xiang inherited the inheritance of the previous dynasty and followed the strategy of the previous generation, taking Hanzhong in the south, Sichuan in the west, cutting fertile land in the east and occupying very important areas in the north. The governors were frightened and gathered to form an alliance, and discussed to weaken the state of Qin.
Don't be stingy with rare and precious utensils and fertile land to recruit talents from all over the world, and adopt the strategy of vertical integration to conclude a Covenant, help each other and become one. At this time, there were Qi, Zhao, Chu, Chun Shenjun and Wei, Xin Lingjun.
These four emperors were resourceful, sincere and trustworthy, generous and kind, caring for the people, respecting talents, and reusing scholars. They vowed to break Lian Heng's Qin strategy and unify the armies of Korea, Wei, Yan, Chu, Zhao, Song, Wei and Zhongshan.
At this time, Ning Yue, Xu Shang, Su Qin, Su Qin, Qi Ming, Zhou Zui, Chen Yi, Zhao Liu, Lou Man, Zhai Jing, Su Li, Le Yi and others all conveyed their opinions. Wuqi, Sun Bin, Dai Tuo, Ni Liang, Tian Ji, Lian Po, Zhao She and others commanded their troops. They once attacked the state of Qin with ten times as much land and millions of troops.
The Qin people opened the Hangu Pass to face the enemy, and the nine armies hesitated and dared not enter the Pass. The Qin people didn't spend a single soldier, and the princes in the world were already embarrassed. Therefore, the treaty failed, and the vassal States scrambled to cede territory and bribe Qin. Qin took advantage of their drowsiness and the remaining troops to subdue them, chasing the defeated soldiers who fled, and millions of defeated soldiers were lying dead on the road. The flowing blood can float on the shield.
In this favorable situation, Qin cut off all the land in the world and re-divided the land of mountains and rivers. The powerful countries took the initiative to express their obedience, and the weak countries went to Qin to worship. It lasted until King Xiaowen and King Zhuangxiang, and the rule time was not long, and nothing important happened in the State of Qin. Besides, the world has not shrunk and weakened, Yongzhou terrain, Lushan Mountain, Hanguguan dangerous solid, unchanged.
Chen She's position is not superior to that of Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Song, Wei and Zhongshan. Hoe stick is not sharper than hook spear; Soldiers who move to the border cannot compete with the soldiers of the nine countries; Far-sighted, the method of marching troops is not as good as that of military commanders and counselors before the Nine Kingdoms.
But those with good conditions failed, those with poor conditions succeeded, and their achievements were completely opposite. Why? If we compare the Eastern vassal states with Chen She and measure their strength, we can't compare them. However, due to its small size, Qin developed into a country with thousands of chariots and horses, governed the whole country and made the governors of the six countries appear before the court for more than a hundred years;
After that, he took the world as his family business and Lushan Mountain and Hanguguan as his inner palace. Chen She Uprising, the country perished. Zi Ying, the king of Qin, died at the hands of others (Xiang Yu) and was laughed at by the world. Why? The offensive and defensive situation has changed because there is no benevolent policy.
This article comes from Jia Yi's Qin Lun in Han Dynasty.
Extended data writing background:
The first part of "On Qin" first tells the reasons why Qin Zi was filial to the masses and the emperor gradually became powerful: geographical advantages, the idea of reforming the country, the correct war strategy, and the painstaking efforts of several Qin kings.
Parallel prose and fine description methods are used in writing, which is full of momentum; After that, I wrote that although my strength is very small, I can bring down the powerful state of Qin. By contrast, I came to the conclusion that Qin's death was a "benevolent move".
The novella analyzes that after Qin unified the world, without correct policies, Qin Ershi failed to correct the wrong policies of Qin Shihuang, mainly accusing Qin Ershi of his fault. The next chapter writes that Zi Ying, the king of Qin, failed to save the country and help the poor, mainly accusing Zi Ying, the king of Qin, of his fault.
On Guo Qin is a political paper. "Guo Qin" means to point out Qin's mistakes, and "Guo" is a verb. "On" is the style of argumentative writing, which focuses on clarifying one's own views.
On Qin is a historical theory that accuses Qin (politics) of being wrong. There are three articles about the Qin Dynasty. Among them, the first one is the best and the most influential. It was first attached to the end of Historical Records of Qin Shihuang, and listed as the second article; Later, Chu added Historical Records, which was attached to the end of Chen She Family.
This article is also selected from Hanshu New Books Selected Works. In the first volume of Jia Yi's monograph "New Book", this article is clearly marked as the "first part" of three articles. In Historical Records, Hanshu, Xinshu and Wenxuan, there are great differences in the wording and sentences of articles.
About the author:
Jia Yi (200 BC-65438 BC+068 BC), a native of Luoyang (now east of Luoyang, Henan), was a famous political commentator and writer in the early Western Han Dynasty, and was called Jia Sheng. Jia Yi is a rare talent. At the age of eighteen, he was considered a good writer in the county. Wendi was a doctor at that time, and later moved to be a doctor in Taizhong. He was pushed out by ministers Zhou Bo and Guan Ying and was promoted to be the teacher of King Changsha, so later generations also called Jia Changsha and Jia Taifu.
Emperor Wen of Han lived in Changsha for three years, missed Jia Yi, recruited him to Beijing, and met Jia Yi in the propaganda room of Weiyang Palace to worship God. Emperor Wen asked Jia Yi about the origin of ghosts and gods because he felt something about ghosts and gods.
Jia Yi explained the truth in detail, until late at night, when Emperor Wendi listened, he moved to his seat. After the talk, Wendi said, "I haven't seen Jia Sheng for a long time. I thought I had surpassed him. Today, I can't compare with him. "
Jia Yi returned to Chang 'an this time. Court personnel have changed a lot. Guan Ying is dead. After Zhou Bo was pardoned for unjust imprisonment, he returned to the fief in Jiangxian County and stopped asking about it.
However, Wendi still didn't entrust an important task to Jia Yi. Only by appointing him as Master Liang, his official position is closer to the imperial court, and Wendi's youngest son loves him very much, which is regarded as a kind of attention.