Analysis of personality characteristics of key words personality theory
1. Analyze yourself with various theories.
(A) Personality structure
Id: Instinct, impulse and desire in the unconscious constitute the ID, which is the biological aspect of personality and follows the "pleasure principle".
(2) Self: Between self and the outside world, it is the psychological aspect of personality. On the one hand, the role of self is to make individuals aware of their cognitive ability; On the other hand, in order to adapt to reality, individuals are bound and suppressed by the "realistic principle"
③ superego: it is the social aspect of personality, and the "moralized self" consists of "conscience" and "self-ideal". The power of the superego is to guide the ego, limit the id and follow the "ideal principle" 1.
Self-analysis: I have various instinctive desires, including appetite, survival desire, sexual desire and so on. But these desires can only be realized with the help of the ego, while the superego restricts the selfish desires of the id according to moral principles and opposes the id, thus keeping the three in balance. For example, I have an appetite, but there is no food around me. According to the realistic moral conditions and considering that stealing from others is a criminal act, I will make a decision to go to the supermarket to buy food and eat.
(2) Self-defense mechanism
Self-defense mechanism means that when self is threatened by external people or environmental factors and causes intense anxiety and guilt, anxiety will unconsciously activate a series of defense mechanisms to protect itself in a distorted way and alleviate or eliminate anxiety and pain. Including 1 1 form of negation, suppression, rationalization, replacement, projection, reverse formation, over-compensation, offset, sublimation, humor and identification. From these forms of 1 1, we choose repression and negation to analyze ourselves. 2
1. Repression refers to the suppression of thoughts, emotions or impulses that are unacceptable to the consciousness to the unconscious state. Although it can't be recalled at will, it can appear in disguise through other psychological mechanisms. 2
Self-analysis: When I was a child, I was bullied by older children because of cowardice, and I met a savage in junior high school to provoke you, so I was greatly hurt. Even so, it is difficult for me to recall the painful experience at that time, because the depression in self-defense suppressed these anxieties in the ID, thus protecting myself from these bad factors.
2. Denial means unconsciously denying some painful reality. 2
Self-analysis: During the period of my grandfather's death, I always felt that my grandfather was still with me, and I was unwilling to believe the bad news that my grandfather had left me or admit the fact. The reason why I am like this is because the negation in the self-defense mechanism is playing a role, and negation is used to escape from reality and reduce the pain brought by real life.
(c) Full Port Function Initiative
The reason why a person will do this behavior now is different from the original reason, that is, there is no functional connection between the past motivation and the present motivation. three
Self-analysis: According to this theory, I may have chosen psychology because of the pressure of my parents or the needs of society. However, after studying this major, I found myself very interested in all the courses of this major, and may even be obsessed with this major for life. This is the embodiment of functional initiative, that is, a person's motivation function today is autonomous and independent of the past. There is no functional connection between past motivation and present motivation. The past has passed, and one's motivation today is functional autonomy.
(4) observation and learning
Observational learning is the core of Bandura's social learning theory. Observational learning means that people can learn a certain behavior only by observing the behavior of others (role models), which is also called alternative learning and imitation learning. Bandura believes that all human sociological behaviors are formed by observing and learning the demonstration behaviors of others and their results under the influence of social environment. four
Self-analysis: In life, I will choose clothes by observing the clothes of trusted friends or favorite stars. Moreover, in the process of learning, I often observe my friends who study well around me, and imitate them by observing their learning styles and habits, hoping that the same learning style will work on me. For example, I have a friend with a high sense of morality around me. I have been with her for a long time, and under her influence, some of my minor faults have been slowly corrected.
(E) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory
This is an important theory to explain personality and motivation. It is pointed out that the internal motivation of individual growth is motivation. Maslow divides human needs into five levels, from low to high, which can be divided into physiological needs, security needs, belonging and love needs, respect needs and self-realization needs. five
1. Physiological needs, at the lowest level, are the most basic needs for human beings to maintain their own survival, including the needs for the following things, such as food, water, sexual desire, health, etc. five
Self-analysis: Eat when you are hungry, drink when you are thirsty, crave health when you are sick, have a demand for clothes and so on. These are my most basic needs, that is, physiological needs. Only by ensuring these needs can I continue to engage in various activities with healthy body and abundant energy. As the saying goes, the body is the capital of the revolution, and a healthy body can guarantee a normal life, and on this basis, there is a higher demand.
2. Security needs are also low-level needs, such as personal safety, stable life, and freedom from illness. five
Self-analysis: My demand for safety is to protect my own safety and avoid danger. When I was bullied at school as a child, I would argue with my parents not to go to school to protect myself. In the mock exam of senior three, because I didn't do well in both exams, during that time, I have been looking for what questions on the test paper should be correct. If it's good, I'll take less to seek short-term comfort.
3. Emotional and belonging needs. This level includes the need for the following things: friendship, love and sexual intimacy. five
Self-analysis: The older a person is, the more he will pay attention to all aspects of himself, the more he will care about his position to his friends, the more he will want to be cared for by others and the more he will value himself. When I was young, I cared about my physical needs. As I grow older, I care more and more about my feelings and sense of belonging, and I want to get more understanding and love from my parents and friends. When you go to college, you will seek the love of the opposite sex.
4. The need for respect, including achievements, reputation, status and promotion opportunities. five
Self-analysis: The need for respect is exactly what you need now. Will love face, will want to achieve greater success, want to get the respect of others, and want to be recognized by others for their abilities. For example, I hope others will praise my academic achievements to prove my strength. In college, ability will be reflected in many aspects. If you can get praise from others, it is an affirmation of your ability.
5. The demand for self-realization, the highest level of demand, is the demand for truth, goodness and beauty to reach the highest level of life, including the demand for cognition, aesthetics, creation and development of potential. five
Self-analysis: It is progressive for me to realize my ideals and ambitions now. I will make more efforts to make myself more and more the person I expect.
Two. conclusion
By studying various personality theories in personality psychology, the author learns to use these theories and analyzes himself with some examples, so that he has a profound understanding of his personality characteristics.
Three. refer to
1 Freud. Selected works of Freud. Trans. Chen Lin et al. Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 1986.
Zheng Xue. Personality psychology. Guangzhou: Jinan University Press, 2000.
3 Huang Xiting. Personality psychology. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Education Press, 2002.
4 Jerry Mbuch R. Personality Psychology. Huichang Chen et al. Beijing: China Light Industry Press, 1997.
Qin Long Maslow and Health Psychology. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House, 1998.