Clinical manifestations:
Schizophrenia is common in young adults, among which 15-35 years old is the most common. Its clinical manifestations are mainly thinking disorder (thinking disorder, thinking interruption, thinking disorder, delusion, etc. ), hallucinations, emotional disorders (emotional apathy, abnormal mood) and behavioral disorders (social withdrawal, weird behavior, nervous excitement, stupor, etc. ). Among them, obvious psychotic symptoms such as delusion and hallucination are called "positive symptoms"; Emotional apathy, social withdrawal and other mental retardation symptoms are called "negative symptoms". The details may vary according to the acute and chronic stages.
The clinical manifestations in the acute phase are mainly mental disorders, hallucinations, delusions and other obvious psychiatric "positive symptoms".
Thinking disorder is manifested in loose association, that is, the language structure is so loose that paragraphs appear loose and disorderly, sentences are irrelevant, and words or words cannot form complete sentences; Thinking disorder, that is, suddenly stop talking about the topic for no reason, and then continue the original topic or change the topic later, lacking self-knowledge; Strange reasoning, that is, logical confusion, makes people confused.
Hallucinations are manifested in repeated reports and evaluative auditory hallucinations, that is, hearing someone report the patient's behavior on the spot and hearing two people evaluate the patient one by one. In addition, there are hallucinations, hallucinations, hallucinations and hallucinations, but they are rare.
Paranoia manifests itself as sudden primary paranoia. The most common delusion is that patients firmly believe that they have been insulted or hurt in some way; Jealousy delusion, that is, patients firmly believe that their spouses are unfaithful; Influence (control) delusion, that is, patients feel that their thoughts, actions and feelings are influenced by external forces, and even their every move is controlled by others.
In the acute phase, there may be "negative symptoms" such as emotional apathy and emotional disharmony. Emotional apathy refers to indifference to things closely related to one's immediate interests and no obvious response to situations such as joy, anger and fear; Emotional disharmony, that is, the emotional response is inconsistent with the content, especially the internal thinking does not correspond to the expressed emotional performance, such as pouring out one's misfortune, laughing and telling one's happy things while crying.
The clinical manifestations of chronic stage are mainly "negative symptoms" such as lack of motivation, lack of energy, lack of interest, lack of emotion, lack of etiquette and lack of social interaction.
Lack of motivation is manifested in losing spontaneous exercise, sitting and wandering all day, and living without goals.
Lack of energy, manifested as laziness and fatigue, lying in bed all day or lazy to move, looks very weak.
Lack of interest, manifested as not interested in anything, not interested in the original hobby, mental activity is very slow.
Lack of emotion, manifested as dull expression, monotonous language, lack of necessary emotional response to any stimulus, seems to have reached the level of "heart death."
Lack of etiquette, the specific performance is that you don't pay attention to the minimum etiquette at all, or ignore people like no one's watching, or yell and scream regardless of the occasion, or take off your pants and clothes in public.
Lack of social interaction, manifested in not participating in any interpersonal activities, like living alone, staying indoors, otherwise try to avoid it and answer a sentence or two at most.
No matter in the acute or chronic stage of schizophrenia, some patients can look like ordinary people. Only by contacting with them can we find that they are mentally abnormal, which is one of the important reasons why schizophrenia cannot be found in the early stage. Of course, some patients are unkempt, grinning, wearing strange clothes, jumping around, or silent and confused. These schizophrenics are easy to find.
Schizophrenia generally has no disorientation except severe psychotic symptoms. It is usually conscious and basically normal in intelligence, but its self-awareness is obviously insufficient, that is, it does not admit that it is mentally ill or even abnormal in behavior, so it is often unwilling to receive treatment.
Treatment: For the treatment of schizophrenia, many patients are unwilling to take antipsychotic drugs for a long time because of their side effects. In addition, out of concern for patients, family members randomly add or subtract drugs or even stop taking drugs at home, which makes the disease relapse. Therefore, treating schizophrenia with Chinese medicine is the safest and most effective treatment. The combination of drug therapy and psychotherapy is also a common clinical treatment scheme. Therefore, the treatment of schizophrenia should go to a regular professional medical institution.
Nursing: For patients, we should pay full attention to the changes in clothing, diet, sleep, mood, thoughts and desires. Unreasonable and impossible demands made by patients can be changed through persuasion and explanation. Sometimes it is necessary to explicitly refuse, but the attitude should not be stiff and soft, so as not to anger patients. Try to meet the patient's reasonable requirements, and don't depress or reject his reasonable requirements just because he is a patient. If the patient goes out, he should be allowed to go out according to the situation as long as it is not in a very dangerous period.
Prevention: prevention focuses on early detection, early treatment and prevention of recurrence. Therefore, it is necessary to establish mental illness prevention and control institutions in the community, popularize the knowledge of mental illness prevention and control among the masses, eliminate discrimination against mental patients, and enable patients to get early detection and treatment. After returning to society, it is necessary to mobilize family and social forces to create conditions for the rehabilitation of patients. With the support of family members, improve patients' social adaptability, reduce psychological pressure, adhere to medication, avoid recurrence and reduce disability.
Education: improve patients' self-confidence, eliminate their sense of inferiority, and at the same time provide mental health education to the surrounding people, so that they can have a correct understanding of mental illness, eliminate social prejudice, and create a good environment for patients' rehabilitation.
Family members should encourage patients to strengthen the training of life skills, help patients to work out a suitable schedule, and gradually start a regular life, so that patients can live well, eat as usual and sleep well.
In daily life, pay attention to appearance, do some housework, listen to music and watch TV. Young and strong people can take part in some fitness activities.
Don't lie in bed all day, with food to eat, clothes to wear and nothing to do.
Mental patients have different degrees of emotional apathy, behavioral withdrawal, strong dependence and other factors that are not conducive to the recovery of interpersonal relationships. People around you also look at patients with new eyes, including prejudice and misunderstanding.
Family members should help patients restore their original interpersonal relationships and develop new ones. Family, colleagues and neighbors give care, help and enthusiasm.
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