Comment on Tan Mei 1 Author Zhu Guangqian, whose real name is Meng Shi. He spent most of his career in his 90s contributing to China's aesthetic career, so he was honored as the "Aesthetic Old Man" in his later years.
Zhu Guangqian's Talking about Beauty was written on 1932 and published by the famous Ming Kai Bookstore. Before that, he wrote a book "Twelve Letters to Youth", which rambled on literature, aesthetics, philosophy, morality, politics and other issues in the form of letters, causing people to think and point out the maze, causing great repercussions among young people and becoming a bestseller reprinted more than 30 times. But this book mainly talks about life accomplishment, and does not fully show Zhu Guangqian's aesthetic thought. So, as a companion of Twelve Letters to Youth, Zhu Guangqian wrote the book Talking about Beauty with the subtitle of Thirteenth Letter to Youth.
With a lofty sense of mission and social responsibility, the author wrote this unpretentious booklet. He explained profound aesthetic problems in a simple and easy-to-understand way, which was fascinating and played a role in purifying readers' hearts and improving the spiritual realm of a generation of young people. And I, after reading this book, also benefited a lot.
Is beauty produced by association? Borrowing two sentences from Niu Xiji, the author points out that "many experiences that are usually regarded as aesthetic feeling are not aesthetic feeling", but "the attitude of actual people is to seek its value outside the art itself". From lush grass to a green dress, or from an antique to money, not all associations are beautiful. Pure beauty is always a kind of "concentration". Without concentration, you leave beauty.
After explaining the basic aesthetic concepts, the author further talked with us about art and games, art and imagination, creation, emotion and other issues. It tells us that artistic creation needs emotion as well as imagination.
In addition to imagination, artistic creation needs emotion. The author points out that "a poet must have emotions beyond imagination" and "emotion is a comprehensive element. If many unrelated images can be emotionally coordinated, they can form a complete organism". "Image" is an important concept in Zhu Guangqian's aesthetic theory, in which emotion plays a very prominent role. Without an emotional commander-in-chief, the imagination may be confused. With the guidance of emotion, the outline is summarized and the "meaning" and "image" are combined into one.
Mr. Zhu Ziqing said: "Mr. Montessori leads readers from art to life and integrates life into art." This kind of "macro vision and open mind" is worth pondering by scholars. Observation will pass, there will be no insight into literary theory, and it will be in a corner. "I think this is true. Through his explanation, I really know beauty, appreciate beauty and discover beauty. His views are really "human".
Someone in the academic circle pointed out: "Zhu Guangqian's understanding of aesthetics can be said to be very profound. His introduction to western aesthetics has reached the level of a generation of masters in talking about beauty. "
I think the key to learning aesthetics or art is not whether you can master one or two skills, but whether you can reach a state. If we can achieve the "artistic life" advocated by Mr. Zhu Guangqian, I am afraid we can say that we have a clear conscience in this life.
What is the essence of beauty after reading Talking about Beauty? How to know beauty? Mr. Zhu Guangqian believes that the answer to this question is a big problem related to aesthetic problems, which can be solved by dialectical materialism and historical materialism. This is also the fundamental question of this book. What is aesthetics?
By reading this book, I analyzed three key issues:
1) There is no specific standard for aesthetics, and everyone has a different definition of beauty.
2) By talking about beauty, many questions about learning and how to be a man are raised.
3) Aesthetics originates from life, and to study this aspect of aesthetics, we should find its roots from life.
When aesthetics developed to 2 1 century, he no longer adhered to artistic aesthetics, but completely integrated into our lives, where there were aesthetics everywhere. In addition, people who care about their soul and spiritual growth pay more and more attention to the study of aesthetics. For example, dressing up is a compulsory course for modern people every day, and house decoration is an important aesthetic knowledge, such as: European concept, pastoral style, Japanese home, combination of Chinese and western. Therefore, aesthetics can bring people a happy life. It is not pragmatism, but a psychological activity without utilitarian mentality. It can make people get psychological satisfaction and spiritual enjoyment.
Not just life. In Talking about Beauty Letters, the author talks about many learning principles only for human beings with personal experience. As for how to carry out research work, he taught: "What we are doing is a hard work, and we must seek truth from facts and not be false. It is necessary to have a clear mind and firm perseverance, as well as the courage to eliminate all interference and obstacles. " Obviously, the author attaches great importance to aesthetics. In fact, isn't being a person an aesthetic? If a person can integrate aesthetics into personality, then he can practice both inside and outside. His style of dealing with problems is natural and unrestrained, and his attitude of studying problems is rigorous. This is what "A Dream of Red Mansions" says: "Everything is learned, everyone is learned, and articles are also learned".
Finally, I would like to mention the "three letters" pursued by Mr. Zhu Guangqian. This is the body, here and now. What this body should do and can do must be borne by this body and should not be passed on to others. What should and can be done at this time should be done at this time, not postponed to the future. What should be done here and what can be done here must be done here, not shirked to another imaginary place. This is the embodiment of Mr. Zhu Guangqian's down-to-earth academic spirit. It is worth learning from our teenagers.
Comments on Beauty 3 After reading Mr. Zhu Guangqian's Talking about Beauty, I have a deeper understanding of beauty. Beauty is everywhere, but, of course, small beauty can be seen in appearance and great beauty can be seen in people's hearts.
A person's body and soul are integrated to shape the external image. Words and deeds are symbols of personal inner cultivation, and the height of spiritual pursuit often reflects personal sentiment. People's optimistic attitude towards life and their pursuit of a better life are often seen in their personal interests. Interest is rooted in life, and art is the expression of interest, so art and life are closely linked. Talking about beauty today is connected with art and rooted in life, because life is an art, and the palace of art is the cloud leading to beauty. The artistry of life integrates "truth", "goodness" and "beauty", so that such beauty can be followed by laws, which in turn causes people's emotional activities and affects personal practical activities. Therefore, small beauty can be seen in appearance, and great beauty can be seen in people's hearts.
Different from ancient people's poems, they talk about romance and beauty, and demand beautification of life, so as to purify people's hearts and appreciate the thoughts and interests of the times contained in beauty. Because the world of aesthetic feeling is purely an image world, which is independent of interests, and the great cause comes from a grand vision and an open mind, we regard life as an art, and when we create and appreciate it, we can often achieve great things with a mind that only meets our ideals and interests, regardless of gains and losses. In today's society, impetuous spirit can be seen mottled. Not to mention those who show their "three heads and six arms" with a tough attitude to achieve their goals, and the pursuit of merit is often easy to deceive people. If this is inevitable, it will miss the beauty. Looking at the successful people all over the world, they have lofty aspirations and unique vision. It is to analyze things with beautiful eyes, appreciate them from multiple angles, and pursue perfection with aesthetic attitude that we can gain something.
A person doesn't care about practicality, so he has no will and desire in his heart. It is precisely because he does not infer relationship, organization, cause and effect that he can put himself down more and pay more attention to intuitive thinking. You think he is flying wild, but in fact he is exploring a deeper artistic conception. Therefore, in terms of aesthetic attitude, our willpower focuses on the image of the thing itself, and our mental activities focus on intuition, so that we can be more sensitive to good and evil, authenticity, beauty and ugliness, and truth, goodness and beauty can be seen here. Just as we look at the mountains and plains, countless people are looking at the world, sighing that time is like a dream, regretting the original meeting, admiring the tall buildings in different places, admiring the flowers on the other side, watching the fog on the land, and drifting away from the interests, we can peep at all objects with discerning eyes. Therefore, when we look at beauty from a proper distance, we can often appreciate the image of the thing itself in the spirit of "inaction", and then taste its unique significance.
Plato, an ancient Greek philosopher, believed that the essence of beauty lies in ideas, and only such ideas can be true and eternal beauty and a reality with objective significance. This understanding of beauty is a definition that permeates the spiritual level. The times are changing and people's thoughts are changing, but the aesthetic experience in people's bones is traceable. The image of beauty is printed in the heart, and the attitude of absorbing things is self-absorption, which unconsciously cultivates temperament. It can be seen that the unconscious influence of beautiful things is beneficial to the cultivation of personal accomplishment.
For beauty, it needs textual research and criticism to feel it with appreciation. Only by studying things in a down-to-earth way, introspecting and judging beauty and ugliness outside the works, and not being distracted, can we appreciate the taste more objectively. In beauty and China, there must be both human feelings and physics. Although you love it, you don't want it. I don't like it, but I don't care. There is no dust in your chest, so you can enjoy it to your heart's content.
Life is beautiful everywhere, looking up at the sky, the bright moon and thin clouds set each other off; Down-to-earth, right time and right place. Beauty is visible to the naked eye, and it always shines in front of us; Knowing beauty in your heart is like a clear spring nourishing your heart. Xiaomei looks at the appearance, and the big body is now popular. So, measure what you see, find beauty, feel beauty, convey beauty, and make the world beautiful.
Comments on Beauty 4 I first read this book in the second day of junior high school. I was young and ignorant at that time, and I couldn't understand the first few pages. I thought I didn't have such high cultural attainments, and I couldn't understand the mystery in the book and the "beauty" mentioned in Mr. Zhu Ziqing's book, so I was always delayed. When I open this book again today, the content inside is not as boring as it was then.
Talking about beauty, written in 1932, is the thirteenth letter after the twelve letters to youth. He once said, "When I wrote this letter, I was writing to my brother and sister as usual. There is a piece of paper in front of me and a pen in my hand. I can write whatever I want without reading. You can understand everything I say, but you dare not force you to accept it all. "
This book unfolds layer by layer along the questions of where beauty comes from, what beauty is and its characteristics, and puts forward the ideal goal of his aesthetic research-"the artistry of life". This book is divided into fifteen chapters, mainly divided into two parts: "How to appreciate beauty and harmony" and "How to create beauty". The first three chapters mainly answer and discuss "what is aesthetic feeling"; Chapters four to six explain the problem that "ordinary people regard ordinary pleasure, association, textual research and criticism as great misunderstandings"; Chapters 7 and 8 explain the concept of "natural beauty"; Chapters 9 to 14 guide readers to "how to create beauty"; The last chapter briefly discusses the relationship between life and art. Starting with the basic concept of "aesthetic feeling", it inspires readers to "how to appreciate beauty", "how to create beauty" and "how to combine beauty with the meaning of life", so that "zero-based" readers can start from the simplest concept, go deep into the aesthetic world step by step, and gradually change from the perspective of "appreciator" to "creator" of beauty, and finally. However, the author's relaxed brushwork and reasonable structural arrangement do not make people feel the slightest sense of heaviness. He naturally integrates the academic and guiding significance to life, so that readers who have just been immersed in the academic edification of Aesthetics have a feeling of "another village" and show their master demeanor. Mr. Zhu talked with Kan Kan as an old friend, and permeated his profound understanding of the relationship between art and life into simple and fresh words. The book "Leading readers into life from art and integrating life into art" finally called on people to "walk slowly and appreciate slowly" and thought that "there is creation in appreciation and appreciation in creation".
Zhu Guangqian was educated in a private school since childhood, and his father began to teach him to do the "Raiders Classic" of the imperial examination long ago. This is an argumentative paper. "I am from ten to twenty years old and spent at least ten years on this argumentative paper. This kind of training has shaped my thinking and doomed my writing. It is easy for me to write a well-founded article. I can say what is well-founded and what is hard to say can be said in simple words. " Zhu Guangqian likes to use this writing form from beginning to end, and the aesthetic effect of his prose is like a heart-to-heart conversation between friends, frank, homely and eloquent. The readers of Talking about Beauty are middle school students. When writing, Mr. Zhu must put down his posture, lower his height, and simplify and popularize abstract concepts and profound truths. Therefore, Zhu Guangqian's reasoning always comes from life and experience. Reading Talking about Beauty makes us feel that beauty is not a noble existence, but something that is close at hand.
The first chapter of On Beauty, Our Three Attitudes towards a Gu Song, appropriately reflects Zhu Guangqian's self-evaluation: "I can say anything that is hard to say in very simple words". Zhu Guangqian does not talk about aesthetics abstractly with concepts and words like other writers, but starts with the basic division of three human values: truth, goodness and beauty. He transformed the three abstract values of truth, goodness and beauty into "our three attitudes towards a Gu Song", which is easy to understand and makes the truth alive. "In the experience that everyone can directly feel, the ghostly" value "has a shape. So I think, "Talking about Beauty" may be the best work on aesthetics I have ever seen!
What I like better is the second chapter: "the authorities are fascinated, but the bystanders are clear." Mr. Zhu revealed an important way for us to get "aesthetic feeling"-that is, "there is a distance between beauty and life. To see the beauty of things themselves, we must look at them from an appropriate distance. " Teacher Zhu first used his own example to think that things far away from him are more "beautiful" than things around him, and novelty is more beautiful than familiar things. Then through a series of comparisons, it shows that they are all differences in views and attitudes. Looking at the reflection, looking at the past, looking at other people's situation, looking at strange scenery, is like standing on land, looking at the sea fog from a distance, freed from actual personal interests and enjoying the wonderful scenery leisurely. If we look at things with a practical attitude, they are just tools or obstacles in real life and can only cause desire or disgust. To see the beauty of things themselves, we must jump out of the real world and appreciate our own image with the spirit of "inaction". Whether it's the beauty you feel when traveling to a new country or the feelings about the life experiences and personalities of the topic people in history, things are actually separated from the secular. Even if they are divorced from the environment and all conditions, you can get "real beauty" and get rid of utilitarian purposes. Beauty should keep a certain distance from reality. To see the beauty of things themselves, we should put them at a proper distance, put aside the material desires in real life, and truly immerse ourselves in the aesthetic feeling of art. Some people always tend to ignore the beauty of familiar things, because they are too familiar to have a sense of distance and mystery, and can't find real beauty from real life. With distance, there will be yearning, and beauty will appear in front of you. Similarly, excellent works of art should be both subjective and objective, or have both the author's emotion and the ability to look at them objectively without emotion. The artistic creation of beauty should not be too subjective to distinguish things from me, nor should it be absolutely objective to make the work boring. Therefore, the process of discovering beauty is a process that is divorced from practicality and gradually moves towards objectivity. Personnel scenery is divorced from our daily use, and the beauty contained in it has the opportunity to be discovered by us.
Teacher Zhu talked about beauty in the last chapter, emphasizing that beauty is closely related to life. Our life is actually a big stage, and life can be artistic. Whoever knows how to grasp a kind of "degree" and who knows the law of "harmony" can live an artistic life. Living with interest is the skill to control life. You have to work hard, you have to work hard, you have gains and losses, and it depends on a state of mind, as wide as your heart is. An open-minded and optimistic attitude is art, because it is a spiritual realm. When you appreciate things, when you find the beauty that others say you don't know, you not only make yourself happy physically and mentally, but also cultivate artistic cells. While discovering and feeling beauty, please yourself and enjoy life.
At the end of Chapter 15, the artistry of life mentioned by Mr. Zhu has been thoroughly analyzed in this section. After reading this book, I saw Mr. Zhu's understanding of beauty and art. "Go slowly and enjoy!" " Try to move forward, don't forget to stop, look at the scenery in front of you and taste life.
Beauty is the most valuable aspect of things, and the experience of aesthetic feeling is the most valuable aspect of life. Now people advocate artistic life, which makes our life more exquisite and interesting, and the balance of mentality is also the key. Open-minded and optimistic mood is art, I hope everyone can polish their eyes, discover the beauty in life with their heart, and taste the beauty bit by bit in the right way. Art life begins now!
Comment on Beauty 5 "Take your time and enjoy it slowly!"
Beauty is a topic that everyone is talking about. In Talking about Beauty, Zhu Guangqian comprehensively combs the true meaning of aesthetics from a professional perspective. He told us that to discover beauty, feel beauty and appreciate beauty, we need to break away from practical and scientific attitudes, be empathetic with things, be one with me, be detached from intuition, grasp emotions in creation, transcend association, get close to nature and engage in games. ...
Good things are half in things and half in you. Unique beauty, but without the eyes to appreciate and understand beauty, beauty is empty and elusive after all. This may be what Talking about Beauty is trying to tell us.
Mr. Zhu Guangqian wrote "Talking about Beauty" in 1932. At that time, the society was in turmoil, but Mr. Zhu Guangqian was not blinded by the chaos and filth of the world. Although beauty was incompatible with the social concept at that time, he still found beauty, experienced beauty and shouted beauty from different angles with a pure heart and bright eyes.
Isn't that what we need to do? Get rid of the secular and appreciate the beauty. "People's aesthetic activities are all idle." It is precisely because of this "inaction" activity that people can transcend real life and become their own inner masters.
Jiang Xun once said, "If we fill our lives, do we still have room for beauty?" ? If there is no space in our hearts, how can beauty come in? "Talking about beauty has taught me how to let beauty enter my heart. When I used to go to art galleries, I always liked to judge "aesthetic feeling" with "pleasure", but after reading this book, I realized that aesthetic feeling was not the case. When I went to the art museum last week, I tried to appreciate modern abstract art that I had never understood before by the method of "empathy" in the book. Although I can't really understand it, I feel different emotions from different styles of lines-anger, calm or joy. This kind of experience is something I have never experienced before. In the future, I will use the method in Talking about Beauty to appreciate the beauty in life.
"Take your time and enjoy it!"
On Talking about Beauty 6 as an Aestheticist and A Book on Beauty; Mr. Zhu Guangqian's Talking about Beauty explains the aesthetic attitude in a simple way. There are 15 topics about beauty, that is, 15 letters. Mr. Zhu Guangqian first put forward the issue of "aesthetic cultivation", which in our words is "exemption from customs". This requires us to go beyond the "interest circle" and material desires, have some spiritual sustenance, and have some ideals and interests. Artistic activities can play such a role beyond interests, purify the soul and enhance the personality spirit in "inaction".
Speaking of "aesthetic cultivation", we are all asking: how to cultivate aesthetic feeling? Zhu Guangqian made a popular and in-depth discussion He pointed out that aesthetic attitude and vision should be cultivated step by step. When the author talks about people's different attitudes towards things, or that everyone has different starting points and different positions in observing things, the same thing will have its own unique psychological or visual reaction in people with different mentality. A Gu Song, a timber merchant, sees the practicality of Gu Song with a commercial mentality; Scientists look at it with a research mentality and see the scientific nature of Gu Song; The painter looked at it with appreciation, and he tasted beauty with aesthetic attitude. Gu Song reflects three effects in different people's eyes. It's just that painters don't look at it from the perspective of "use", but from the perspective of "inaction" as Mr. Zhu said, which shows that people are different from other animals and have a more noble pursuit of "beauty" in addition to their daily needs.
"The authorities are fascinated, and the onlookers are clear." As the saying goes, "distance produces beauty." In fact, Mr. Zhu Guangqian clearly pointed out the distance between beauty and life. When the real world is shrouded in fog, snow or rain, it is easy to give people another kind of association. Its state makes the real world have a distance from you and me, so it has an eternal poetic feeling. Just like "empathy" in aesthetics, I transfer my feelings to external objects, as if I feel that external objects have the same feelings. The so-called art comes from life and is higher than life. I think it should be the same. Beauty should keep a certain distance from reality. To see the beauty of things themselves, we must look at them at a proper distance, not too close or too far away, and we must put aside the material desires in real life to really immerse ourselves in the beauty of art. Some people always tend to ignore the beauty of familiar things, because they are too familiar to have a sense of distance and mystery, and they cannot find real beauty from real life. With distance, there will be yearning, and beauty will appear in front of you.
Genius is also obtained by hard work. Without hard work, there is no ability. Only by working hard can we think like a spring and be inspired. Mr. Zhu Guangqian quoted Du Gongbu as saying: "Reading is like breaking thousands of books, and writing is like writing". It is to warn us to work hard to have the charm of the work. Only when there is inspiration in the heart can inspiration reflect a person's talent, but behind the genius is to try to hone one's mood, will and skills. The so-called one minute on stage and ten years off stage is the same!
At the end of the article, "Walk slowly and enjoy slowly!" Finally, tell readers not to forget to stop while working hard, look at the scenery in front of them and taste life.
The author's language is so kind and natural, and knowledge is transmitted with this immature attitude. There is no accumulation of concepts in aesthetics, but people have a deeper understanding of beauty. The most beautiful life must have a good attitude towards life, so I think everyone should read this book, which will inspire you.