Opera is a comprehensive art that integrates music (vocal music and instrumental music), drama (script and performance), literature (poetry), dance (folk dance and ballet) and stage art. It usually consists of aria, recitation, duet, chorus, overture, interlude and dance scene. Sometimes used to speak plain English and recite. As early as in ancient Greek drama, there was chorus accompaniment, and some recitations even appeared in the form of singing; In the Middle Ages, miracle dramas with religious stories as the theme and promoting religious views were also filled with incense and continued to this day. Modern western opera, which can really be called "musical", came into being at the end of16th century and the beginning of17th century with the secularization of music culture in the Renaissance.

1. The origin of opera can be traced back to the tragedy of ancient Greece, and this art form is the root of opera art.

2. Some musical forms in the Middle Ages also laid the foundation for the emergence of opera. First, it is a religious drama at the end of 10 century. Later, it was replaced by mystery and miracle, which prevailed in14-16th century. Secondly, pastoral drama, which expresses rural life scenes by means of music, poetry and drama, has been popular until16th century and has become one of the important origins of drama.

3. Pastoral opera in Renaissance also indicates the birth of opera. Composers use the genre of pastoral to write some dramatic scenes in poems, or use a group of pastoral songs to describe some simple storylines. The latter form is called pastoral opera.

4. The most direct origin of opera is Intermedio at the end of 15. This is some allegorical drama, divine drama or pastoral drama interspersed between the scenes of comedy at that time. In the16th century, the inter-scene drama between scenes has formed a related story in the plot, and decorative melody and simple harmony accompaniment have been added.

5. Opera was finally produced in Florence, Italy at the end of 16. At that time, a group of celebrities in the cultural and artistic circles often got together in the homes of noble Baldi and Colsy. They are keen to restore ancient Greek drama and try to create a vivid art that combines poetry and music. They believe that polyphony destroys the expression of the meaning of lyrics and advocate the use of single-part melody. In practice, they found that the tones freely sung under the accompaniment of harmony can be used not only in the same poem, but also in the whole drama. Then came the earliest opera, which became an idyllic drama.

/kloc-at the end of 0/7, which was the most influential in Rome? 6? 1 Neapolitan opera school represented by scarlatti. The school did not use chorus and ballet scenes in the play, but highly developed the solo technique called "Bel Canto" by later generations. When this style of "focusing only on singers" goes to extremes, the original dramatic expression and ideological connotation of opera are almost lost. Therefore, in the 1920s of 18, the Xi opera school with daily life as its theme, humorous plot and simple music rose. The first masterpiece of Italian comic opera is the Maid as a Housewife by Paglassie (premiered at 1733), which was originally an opera interlude. 1752 was vilified by conservatives when it was staged in Paris, thus setting off the famous "Great Debate on Happy Opera" in the history of opera. Rousseau's first French comedy opera "Village Diviner" was born under the inspiration of this debate and this opera.

Italian opera was first transformed in France and combined with French national culture. Lu Li is the founder of French opera ("lyric tragedy"). He not only created a solo melody closely combined with French, but also took the lead in applying ballet scenes to opera. In Britain, purcell created the first British national opera Didong and Ignace on the basis of his mask drama tradition. In Germany and Austria, Haydn, Dietdorf, Mozart and others developed folk operas into German-Austrian national operas, including Mozart's Magic Flute. By the18th century, Gluck insisted that opera must have profound content, music and drama should be unified, and performance should be simple and natural. His thoughts and works, such as Orflo and Eurydice and Figini of Orid, had a great influence on the development of later operas.

/kloc-After the 9th century, Italian opera masters such as G Rossini, G Verdi, G Puccini, German R Wagner, French G Bizet, Russian M.I. glinka, M.P. Musorgskiy and P.N. Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky all made important contributions to the development of opera. Operas, formed in18th century, have evolved into an independent genre. It is characterized by short structure and popular music. Besides solo, duet, chorus and dance, it also uses popular English. Austrian composer Suo Beier and German composer Owen Bach are the founders of this genre.

Among the opera composers in the 20th century, Richard Strauss was a representative influenced by Wagner in the early days. After World War I, it was Berger who applied the atonality principle to opera creation. Since the 1940s, there have been: Stravinsky, prokofiev, Mi Yue, Manotti, Barbier, Orff, Janus Della, Henze, Moore and the famous British composer Britten.