This can be said for sure, including!

The main body of the paper includes: abstract, introduction, chapters, conclusion, references, thanks and appendix!

As long as it is in the paper, what you write is the body part!

However, the number of words in the paper needs to go from introduction to conclusion!

Hope to adopt!

Question 2: What parts do scientific papers generally include? Among them, the text of the research paper includes the format and requirements of the academic year paper. 1. Paper structure: 1, title; 2. Name of the author; 3. Chinese abstract; 4. Keywords; 5. Text; 6. Notes and references; Second, printing paper specifications: A4 paper; Third, the font and font size (1) Title of the paper: the main title is bold, No.2, centered; Subtitle No.3, imitating the Song Dynasty; (2) Abstract, Keywords: Xiao No.4, italicized, left.

Question 3: What are the three parts of the text of an academic paper? 1. The title should be concise and general. The number of words must not exceed 20 Chinese characters. If you have special requirements, you can add subtitles. 2. The abstract of the paper should summarize the content of the research topic in a concise form. The Chinese abstract should be about 300 words, and the English abstract should basically correspond to the Chinese abstract. 3. Keywords: choose 3-5 words or terms that can best express the main content from the title or text as keywords. 4. Content: The content should be concise and to the point. The title level is clear. The title in the table of contents should be consistent with the title in the text. 5. The introduction should explain the significance, purpose, main research contents, scope and problems to be solved. The introduction should be concise and to the point, and the number of words should be controlled within 400 words. 6. The text is a detailed statement of the research work, which generally consists of titles, words, charts, tables and formulas. This part should use all aspects of experimental results and research methods to analyze problems, demonstrate opinions, and try to reflect students' scientific research ability and academic level. 7. Conclusion The conclusion should summarize the situation and value of the work, analyze its advantages and characteristics, point out its innovations, and point out the existing problems and future improvement directions, especially the important problems encountered in the work, and put forward its own opinions. The conclusion should be simple and clear, not too long. 8. Reference is an indispensable part of graduation thesis (design), and it is also the author's recognition and respect for other people's knowledge achievements. The source of other people's opinions, original words and main data quoted in the article must be indicated at the end of the article. 9. Appendices (optional) For some contents that are not suitable to be put into the text, but are essential parts of graduation thesis (design) or have reference value, they can be compiled into appendices.

Question 4: What should be included in the text of the paper? Five points. ..... How?

Question 5: When writing a thesis, what are the writing requirements, process and writing skills? Broadly speaking, all works that discuss scientific and technological contents are called scientific works, such as original works (papers), briefings, comprehensive reports, progress reports, literature reviews, reviews, monographs, compilations, textbooks, popular science books and so on. However, only the original work and its introduction are original, major and primary, involving inventions and other intellectual property rights. Others are of course important, but they are all processed, developed and written for specific application purposes and objects. The following is only about the writing of the paper. When discussing thesis writing, I'm not going to talk about various rules and regulations about manuscript writing. This paper mainly talks about the problems and experiences that are easy to appear in paper writing, which is the standardization of paper writing ethics and writing content. The requirements of thesis writing are described according to the structural order of the thesis. (1) Thesis-Topics Scientific papers are all titled, and cannot be "untitled". The topic of the thesis is generally about 20 words. The size of the topic should be consistent with the content, with no subtitle, 1 report and secondary report as far as possible. Thesis topics are all in a direct narrative tone, without exclamation marks and question marks, and scientific and technological paper topics cannot be written as advertisements or news reports. (2) Papers-scientific papers signed should be signed with real names and real work units. Mainly reflects the responsibility and achievement attribution, which is convenient for future generations to follow up. Strictly speaking, the author of the paper refers to the person who is responsible for the whole process of the paper, such as topic selection, argumentation, literature review, scheme design, compilation method, experimental operation, data arrangement, induction and summary, writing, etc., and should be the person who can answer the relevant questions of the paper. Nowadays, people who take part in the work are often listed, so they should be arranged according to the contribution. The signature of the paper should be recognized by myself. According to the actual situation, academic tutors can be listed as paper authors or general thanks. Administrative leaders generally do not sign their names. (3) Paper-Introduction is a fascinating statement of the paper, which is very important and should be written well. A good paper introduction can often let readers know the development of your work and its position in this research direction. The basis, foundation, background and research purpose of the thesis. It is necessary to review the necessary literature and state the development of the problem. Use concise words. (4) Paper-Materials and Methods The experimental objects, equipment, animals and reagents and their specifications, experimental methods, indicators, judgment standards, experimental design, grouping and statistical methods are truthfully written. These can be done in accordance with the magazine's submission rules. (5) Paper-The experimental results should be highly summarized, carefully analyzed and presented logically. We should choose the best from the rough, discard the false and retain the true, but we should not make subjective choices because it does not meet our own intentions, let alone resort to deceit. Only the data obtained in the period of unskilled technology or unstable instrument, technical failure or operational error, and data obtained when experimental conditions are not met can be discarded. Moreover, when problems are found, the reasons must be indicated on the original records, and it is not allowed to eliminate them at will due to anomalies during summary processing. When discarding this kind of data, we should discard the experimental data under the same conditions at the same time, not just those that are not what we want. The arrangement of experimental results should be closely related to the theme, and some data may not be suitable for this paper and can be used for other purposes. Don't cram it into a paper. Articles should use technical terms as much as possible. Don't use charts for those who can use tables, and it is best not to use charts for those who can use tables, so as not to occupy more space and increase the difficulty of typesetting. Words, tables and charts do not repeat each other. Special circumstances such as accidental phenomena and unexpected changes in the experiment should be explained as necessary and should not be discarded at will. (VI) Discussion is the key and difficult point of the paper. We should look at the overall situation, grasp the main controversial issues, and discuss from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge. It is necessary to analyze and reason the experimental results instead of repeating them. We should focus on the achievements and opinions in the relevant literature at home and abroad, and show our own views, especially the opposing views. In the discussion of the paper, you can put forward assumptions and ideas about the development of this topic, but the discretion should be appropriate, and it should not be written as "science fiction" or "imagination". ......& gt& gt

Question 6: What parts is the paper divided into? Thesis Writing

The basic structure of the paper

1987, the national bureau of standards promulgated the format for writing scientific and technological reports, dissertations and academic papers (GB77 13-87) and the rules for the description of references after articles (GB77 14-87).

1, common format:

(1) title. The most appropriate and concise words reflect the logical combination of the most important specific content in the text. Unusual omitted words, acronyms, characters, codes and formulas should be avoided. Generally, the number of words does not exceed 20 titles.

Author's name and unit, more than two, generally sorted by contribution.

1 literary responsibility; ② Record the results; ③ Easy to search.

⑶ Abstract: It is a brief statement of the content of the paper without comment. Chinese abstracts are generally less than 300 words, and you can get important information from them without reading the full text.

Include: ① that importance of this study; ② Main research contents and application methods; General research results, outstanding new insights, and clarify the final conclusion, focusing on the results and conclusions.

(4) Keywords. They are 3-7 words or terms selected from the paper to express the subject information items of the full text, and have a special thesaurus.

5. introduction Come back to explain the purpose, scope, preliminary work and knowledge distribution in related fields, theoretical basis and analysis, research ideas, research methods, expected results and significance.

[6] Text

(7) Conclusion: refers to the final and overall conclusion of the full text, rather than a simple repetition of the summary of each paragraph in the text. It requires accuracy, completeness, clarity and conciseness.

(8) Thank you: express your gratitude to those who helped write the paper, and ask for sincere attitude and concise words.

(9) List of references (comments), which shall list all references directly cited in this article, including the author, title and publication items (place of publication, publishing house, year of publication, and initial page number). For continuous publications, the publication name, publication date, number of issues, and starting and ending page numbers shall be indicated in turn.

⑽ Appendix: Indicate the attached drawings and charts.

Second, the basic composition of the text

1, the basic composition of academic papers

Preface: Title, author, abstract, key words.

Text: Introduction (introduction, introduction, introduction) Text, conclusion, notes, references and postscript (acknowledgement).

2. The basic composition of the text: introduction, ontology (linear reasoning)

Conclusion (parallel theory)

(2) Overview of the project:

subject

Basic argument

Content outline

First, the big project (upper argument, large paragraphs)

I. Project (lower level argument, paragraph theme)

(1) Small project (festival center, one material)

Title writing: concise, to the point, others are not easy to misunderstand.

Sentence writing: concrete and clear

3. Preparation of the paper outline

(1) Design drawing of thesis writing: (three-level title)

One,

Two, one

Three, two 1.

Three, two

3.

4. Writing order and drafting method

(1) order

Natural order: conclusion-ontology-conclusion

Reverse order: this theory-conclusion-conclusion

(2) Method (first draft) in one go; Write by division.

5. Structure of academic papers

(1) Unified and complete specification part (another semantic part, incomplete part)

(2) The main clauses at the beginning and end of a paragraph indicate the purpose of the paragraph (there are also paragraphs in the middle or at both ends)

(3) The capacity is appropriate, and generally there are many long sections.

Question 7: What do the first-level titles and second-level titles mean in the paper? Usually, a document with more contents, such as teaching materials, needs to be set with chapters, chapters, sections, paragraphs and other titles. The first level title is the title of "chapter", the second and third levels ... and so on. Editing in this way is easy to find and read.

Question 8: What parts does the graduation thesis consist of? 1. Paper title: accurate, concise, eye-catching and novel.

2. Table of Contents: A table of contents is a brief list of main paragraphs in a paper. (Essays don't need to be listed in the table of contents)

3. Abstract: It is an excerpt from the main content of the article, which requires short and pithy content. The number of words can be as few as dozens, and it is advisable not to exceed 300 words.

4. Keywords or subject words: keywords are selected from the title, abstract and text of the paper, and are words with substantive significance to express the central content of the paper. Keywords are words used by computer systems to index the content characteristics of papers, which are convenient for information systems to collect and provide readers with retrieval. Generally, 3-8 words are selected as keywords for each paper, and a new line is set at the bottom left of the "abstract".

Subject words are standard words. When determining the subject words, the paper should have a theme, and according to the indexing and collocation rules, it should be converted into standardized words in the subject glossary.

5. Text of the document:

(1) Introduction: Introduction, also known as preface, preface and introduction, is used at the beginning of the paper. The introduction generally outlines the author's intention, explains the purpose and significance of the topic, and points out the writing scope of the paper. The introduction should be short and concise, and stick to the theme.

(2) Text of the paper: The text is the main body of the paper and should include arguments, arguments, argumentation process and conclusions. The main part includes the following contents:

A. Propose-demonstrate;

B. analyzing the problem-arguments and arguments;

C. solving problems-demonstrations and steps;

D. conclusion.

6. The references of the paper refer to the main documents listed at the end of the paper that can be referenced or quoted in writing. References should be marked on a new page according to GB77 14-87 "Description Rules of References at the End of Documents".

English: Title-Author-Publication Information (Edition, Publisher, Publication Date): Author-Title-Publication Information

The requirements of the listed reference documents are:

The references listed in (1) should be official publications for readers' textual research.

(2) The listed references shall be marked with serial numbers, titles of works or articles, authors and publication information.

Question 9: What should be included in the graduation thesis? Writing specification for graduation design (thesis) In order to ensure the quality of graduation design (thesis), the writing specification for graduation design (thesis) is formulated. 1. Filling and printing of graduation design (thesis) data: graduation design (thesis) data package, graduation design (thesis) task book, graduation design (thesis) comments, graduation design (thesis) cover and graduation design (thesis) uniformly printed by the school are used for graduation design (thesis). Graduation design (thesis) task book and graduation design (thesis) comments should be carefully filled in as required, with neat fonts and neat volumes, and the handwriting should be written in black or blue-black ink. The task book shall be filled in and signed by the classroom teacher, and issued after being signed by the dean (department head). Graduation thesis (design) must be printed in imitation of Song Dynasty on the unified graduation thesis paper of the school. Second, the main format and requirements for writing the paper: 1, title: title of the paper-bold small 2, Chinese and English abstract: (Chinese comes first, English comes last): abstract words-bold imitation song small 4 keywords-bold imitation song small 4 3, paper body: (1) The paper body includes (2) printing the paper body. (3) Pay attention to the binding line when setting paper pages. Single-spaced text with standard character spacing. Three. Writing content and requirements of graduation project (thesis): 1. Title: The title should be short, clear and general. Title words should be appropriate, not more than 20 words. If you must put some details in the title, it can be divided into main title and subtitle. 2. Abstract or design overview: The abstract summarizes the content of the research topic in a condensed form. The Chinese abstract is about 300 words, and the foreign abstract is about 250 words. The general description of design mainly introduces the source of design tasks, design standards, design principles and main technical data. The number of Chinese words should be within 1500 ~ 2000, and the number of foreign words should be around 1000. 3. Contents: The contents are compiled according to three-level titles (i.e. I, ……, 1, ……, (1), ……), and the title level is required to be clear. The title in the table of contents should be consistent with the title in the text. 4. Text: The text of graduation project (thesis) includes: (1) Topic background: explain the source, purpose, significance, main problems to be solved and technical requirements to be achieved; Briefly describe the development status and existing problems of this topic at home and abroad, as well as the guiding ideology of this design. (2) Scheme demonstration: explain the design principles and make scheme selection, and explain why this design scheme is chosen (including the analysis and comparison of various schemes) and the characteristics of the adopted scheme. (3) Process (design or experiment) discussion: refers to the author's detailed statement of his own research work. It requires correct reasoning, conclusive arguments, strong logic, clear hierarchy and accurate expression. (4) Result analysis: Make qualitative or quantitative analysis of the main data and phenomena obtained in the research process, and draw conclusions and inferences. (5) Conclusion or summary: Summarize and synthesize the whole research work, and explain the problems existing in this research and the opinions and suggestions for further research. The conclusion should be general and short. 5. Acknowledgement: Thank those who have given direct help in the process of research and thesis writing (such as instructors and answering teachers) in short words. This is not only a courtesy, but also a respect for others, and it is the ideological style that scholars should have. 6. References and appendices: References are an indispensable part of graduation project (thesis), which reflects the source, breadth and reliability of materials, and is also the author's recognition and respect for other people's knowledge achievements. Complete references can provide readers with valuable information. Generally speaking, there should not be too many references for graduation design (thesis), but the main documents should be above 10, including more than 2 foreign documents. Appendices refer to some contents that are not suitable for the text but have reference value, and can be compiled into ... > >