Through intensive reading of the original text, we can "talk" with the text and the author as much as possible, understand the content of the original text and clarify the author's writing intention. If you can't read it clearly once or twice, read it several times more, and you won't "put it down" until you have a plan.
Step 2: Pump water. On the basis of understanding the original text, extract the general idea of each paragraph of the original text.
What needs to be emphasized is that some key paragraphs that describe concrete or full of emotion should pay attention to keeping the original sentences properly; Boldly choose some short and pithy paragraphs that do not affect the expression of the article. Step 3: Connect.
Connect the main ideas of the extracted paragraphs. The fourth step: management.
Smoothly combing connected sentences: delete repeated words and make connections between sentences to make them smooth sentences. Ask the landlord to adopt TOT.
2. Abbreviation: Explain the writing skills. It is helpful for writing to read more documents, increase your knowledge and have good and wonderful places to recite. Then, practice writing more by yourself, and you can ask your parents or teachers for guidance and revision. Hard work is the key to improving writing level!
How to get high marks in writing in the exam;
First, the roll surface is neat and the strokes are clear;
Second, try to write a good beginning (a beautiful beginning is easy to attract teachers)
Third, learn to show the structural level of style with natural paragraphs;
Fourth, learn to quote ancient poems, proverbs, folk songs or vivid buzzwords and advertising words appropriately;
Fifth, highlight beautiful and interesting sentences, such as putting them at the beginning of a paragraph or breaking them into paragraphs independently;
Sixth, consciously use rhetoric and expression,
Seventh, the ending must be the finishing touch! !
I will provide you with more than two websites. They are all excellent compositions of junior high school students. Are you a junior high school student? Take your time! ~
Absolutely enough weight! ! !
How to abbreviate a story into a composition? Judging from what you wrote, you should have a broad mind.
But the reason why your article is too long is not only the broadening of ideas, but also the expression of words. You may pay more or less attention to the center, language hints and sentence choices.
Writing an article can be compared to fishing with a net. Fish is like the center of an article, and the net is like words. Fishing is like writing a good article. To fish, you must cast your net where there are fish. If it spreads far, the fish can't be caught or caught with a big net. It's like writing an article. To get to the center, you need a lot of words to make it clear.
In addition, if the net is too dense, more materials are needed. It's like writing an article in multiple languages. In fact, you can catch the fish you want, and the net doesn't have to be too dense. When writing an article, you don't have to describe every detail in detail. In some places, leaving some room is more intriguing. In fact, writing articles is the most difficult thing for beginners. I think if you can work hard in the following aspects in the future, your article will be more ideal: first, before writing, you should make clear the purpose of writing people's notes, such as what characteristics or qualities you want to show this person and what you want to tell people through what you write.
Then write around the set purpose, make great efforts to render the performance purpose, and it will pass if there is little effect, and resolutely give up if there is no effect. In addition, it is not necessary for the author to lay out all the contents that can express the main idea of the article. Sometimes, the expression of implicit suggestion can arouse readers' thinking more.
Also, when writing about scenery, try to use short sentences. If you pay more attention to these aspects, your written expression will be more concise.
4. Abbreviation: Explain the skills of writing. It is helpful for writing to read more documents, increase your knowledge and have good and wonderful places to recite.
Then, practice writing more by yourself, and you can ask your parents or teachers for guidance and revision. Hard work is the key to improving writing level! How to get high marks in writing during the exam: first, the paper is neat and the strokes are clear; Second, try to write a good beginning (a beautiful beginning is easy to attract teachers). Third, learn to use natural paragraphs to express the structural level of style; Fourth, learn to quote ancient poems, proverbs, folk songs or vivid buzzwords and advertising words appropriately; Fifth, highlight beautiful and interesting sentences, such as putting them at the beginning of a paragraph or breaking them into paragraphs independently; Sixth, consciously use more rhetoric and expressions. Seventh, the ending must be the finishing touch! ! I will provide you with more than two websites. They are all excellent compositions of junior high school students. Are you a junior high school student? Take your time! ~ /news/yxzwlist_CZx is absolutely enough! ! .
5. How to abbreviate the methods and steps of writing abbreviated sentences?
(1) Read the original sentence carefully and understand its meaning.
(2) Find out the main part of the sentence "who" (what), "what" or "how" (subject, predicate and object), and delete the secondary parts (definite, form and complement).
(3) Check whether it is simplified to the simplest sentence and whether it retains the main meaning of the original sentence.
3. Matters needing attention when writing short sentences
(1) Abbreviated sentences should retain the basic meaning of the original sentence, and the sentence pattern cannot be changed. For example, "My brother has a nice haircut". If it is abbreviated as "my brother is beautiful", it should be abbreviated as "beautiful hairstyle". It is wrong because it changes the original meaning of the sentence.
(2) Remove all the modifiers in the sentence, that is, the so-called branches and leaves, and try not to be a little, but a little. For example, "He told you a detailed story in great detail." It should be abbreviated as "the story he told." If it is abbreviated as "he told everyone what happened." Or "He told this story." All abbreviations are incomplete, incomplete and incorrect. But some special sentences can't delete all the "branches and leaves". For example, "My classmate Chen's mother turned out to be the sister of my neighbor Uncle Wang." It should be abbreviated as "Chen's mother is uncle Wang's sister." If it is abbreviated as "mother is sister", it will become a joke, so what kind of branches and leaves to remove depends on the content of the sentence.
(3) The negative words such as "no, no, no" in the sentence should be kept when the sentence is abbreviated, and cannot be removed, otherwise the original intention of the sentence may be reversed. For example, "I didn't find the bag containing the books in the house" should be abbreviated as "I didn't find the bag". If you remove "no", it will become "I found the bag", which is quite different from the original sentence. This is a big mistake.
(4) The modal particles such as "zhe, le, guo" after the predicate and "ah, mo, ya, ni" after the object in the sentence should be kept. If removed, the structure, sentence pattern, tone and emotion of the sentence may be changed. For example, "the calm water suddenly ripples." It can be abbreviated as "water is rippling". Another example is "the heavy rain last night was really a timely rain!" It can be abbreviated as "this heavy rain is timely!" Only in this way can the original sentence and the abbreviated sentence be consistent in emotion and tone.
Sentence component "jingle"
Subject-predicate object, definite complement,
The main branches and leaves are clearly divided;
The basic components are subject, predicate and object,
The joint components are complementary in shape;
Attributes must appear before hosts and guests,
The former is a form and the latter is a complement;
Six relationships are clearly distinguished,
There are several mistakes in the analysis.
6. How to write an abbreviated composition? The following factors lead to the high score of the composition: first, from the perspective of the volume, it looks clean, tidy and beautiful. This seems to have nothing to do with the level of composition. However, the quality of an article is the first impression for a commentator. The style of writing is neat, giving people the feeling of serious learning attitude; A paper with neat and beautiful fonts is pleasing to the eye. Most of the annual college entrance examination papers meet this point. I'll mention the problem on paper first to emphasize its importance, which is the basis of getting high marks in composition. Second, from the content: clear-cut, clear-cut, such as writing an argumentative essay, especially pay attention to clear-cut and clear-cut. Views are the author's views and opinions on the issues discussed. This is the soul of the article. Is it? Will affect the success or failure of the article Clear organization, strong internal logic and close connection between paragraphs will make the questions clear and profound, so that reviewers can see at a glance. Third, from the perspective of material selection, it is well known that a clever woman can't cook without rice because of her wide knowledge and novel materials. The same is true of writing articles. Without fully vivid and excellent materials, you can't write beautifully just by beating around the bush and changing patterns. To have flowing water at the source, "good materials come from colorful life and the accumulation of extensive knowledge at ordinary times." Read more books, have a wide range of knowledge, collect more information about nature and society in your mind, and have rich writing materials. Fourthly, from the point of view of conception, Wen Xin Diao Shen Long Si points out that conception is "the first thing to control the writing and make plans", that is, conception is the most important thing in the article. The most important thing to conceive is to be good at discovering, digging and brewing repeatedly as a whole. Fifthly, from the perspective of conception, we should know what we are doing, and from the perspective of language, writing a composition is somewhat similar to making a wheel, and there must always be "rules". No matter what you write, no matter how you write, you should give full play to yourself according to the requirements of the composition. In other words, you can write articles vividly and get high marks. These skills are: profound understanding, typical and vivid materials, and clever use of famous sentences. The cleverness of candidates lies in that they can skillfully embed famous sentences they have learned in their compositions to remember their mistakes, such as: "I love my teacher, and I love the truth more", "Selfishness and prejudice are farther away from the truth than ignorance", "I am close to sages and ministers, and I am far away from villains", and "I am wise and brave enough to drown". For example, accurate alliteration sentences can enhance literary talent, such as flowing clouds and flowing water, avalanche, horse squatting, and hearty. There are also wonderful metaphors to add color to the article, and one or two sentences contain profound philosophy. It also adds a lot of color to the article and skillfully draws up the title. Many titles in excellent works make reviewers feel moved and fall in love at first sight, such as "favoritism, meritocracy", "supporting the principle but not the relatives", "intimacy ≠ true feelings", "avoidance due to closeness" and "inaction".
7. How to guide students to abbreviate articles should first reflect the style and appearance of the original text. In other words, abbreviations are not allowed to change the central idea, genre or even characters of the original text. It is necessary to maintain the main events of the original work and the basic characteristics of the original characters. There is also the order of paragraphs, and the expression should remain the same.
Second, according to the requirements of abbreviation, shorten the length of the original text or remove some descriptive sentences, or summarize some minor events, or delete irrelevant introductions. How short it will be depends on the requirements of the topic.
Third, we should connect with nature and make the article a whole.
The specific practice of abbreviation is:
1, first summarize the central idea of the full text and the general idea of each paragraph;
2. Find out the main events and materials around the center, and delete the minor plots and materials;
3. Abbreviate the language and turn specific descriptive sentences into concise ones; Finally, it depends on whether the connection is natural.
8. Writing skills and key points of various compositions. Improving the level of composition depends only on the surprise in the last few days or the intensive training of several compositions, which often gets half the result with half the effort.
If you can sort out some of your previous compositions, please ask the teacher for help. What are your strengths and weaknesses? Composition training can foster strengths and avoid weaknesses. For every student, there is a relatively good form of expression.
What does the exam composition advocate, and it can't be "outdated". The components of "four unlike" are difficult to be recognized in the current evaluation system.
If you are good at narration, you might as well find a suitable narrative angle; Good at lyricism, you might as well brew the source of lyricism; In order to explain this argument, we might as well dig a clever starting point. Choosing the style that you are good at has become one of the keys to winning a composition.
Choose a topic that you are familiar with. Some students come from the countryside, and the life scenes in the countryside are deeply rooted in their hearts. If you want to write, you might as well start with rural life. If you have to follow the fashion to write about life in a metropolis, it may be full of loopholes, just like being ineffective and lacking life experience.
If you have your own profound and unique experience of real life, you can extract the material from it, but you don't have to go far, but you have to make up those sci-fi things at random, which is neither fish nor fowl. Some students are influenced by the composition of 1999 college entrance examination "If memory can be transplanted", and they are exposed to too many cartoons, which makes many students like to write some sci-fi works in their compositions, such as parody and rewriting.
It's not impossible. The key is whether you are familiar with such subjects. If you are more sure that you can handle such subjects, that is beyond reproach. However, this is not the case. Many compositions are fabricated and groundless, and there are many so-called sci-fi stories that violate science and are unimaginable. Not only can they not give people freshness, but they are disgusting.
In order to keep up with the fashion, some students pursue some new topics that they are not familiar with. They see others writing about men and women, and they also write about men and women, which are just things grafted from the articles they read. Freshness lies not only in new topics, but also in your own unique feelings.
I don't have my own feelings about this subject. How can I make it clear with my vagueness? First, the composition should learn to accumulate "reading thousands of books, writing like a god" and "a clever woman can't cook without rice". These ancient summaries illustrate the importance of "accumulation" in writing from both positive and negative aspects. "Usually rely on accumulation, the examination room depends on play", which is the same experience of the students in the examination room.
(A) language to establish a "vocabulary". Vocabulary is the cell of an article.
Vocabulary in a broad sense refers not only to the collection of words and phrases, but also to sentences and sentence groups. There are two ways to establish "vocabulary": the first is reading.
Usually, you should read books, newspapers and periodicals extensively, take reading notes, extract some beautiful words, sentences and paragraphs from a specific notebook, or make reading cards. The second is life.
At ordinary times, we should capture the fresh language in the popular spoken language and write it down in a small notebook or card that we carry with us. Over time, we can say it chapter by chapter and write it beautifully. (2) Strengthen the accumulation of materials.
Materials are the flesh and blood of the article. Because many students usually don't pay attention to accumulating materials, they are worried every time they write a composition, or edit or copy it.
The solution to this problem is to accumulate materials. Usually, you can take a video camera and tape recorder with you, observe life deeply, actively participate in life, and record your experiences in family life, campus life and social life in time in the form of sketching, keeping a diary and writing observation notes.
When recording, we should grasp the details and the characteristics of people, things, things and scenery. The article written in this way is flesh and blood.
(3) We should strengthen ideological accumulation. Opinion is the soul of an article.
The center of the article is not clear, or the thought is not profound, which often shows that the author's thought is superficial. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a "think tank".
There are two ways: first, be thoughtful. "One more miss, one more gain."
Think deeply at ordinary times and ask "why", "what" and "how" when something happens. So you can see the essence through the phenomenon.
It is also necessary to record the "sparks" of thinking and the conclusions of thinking at any time. The second is compilation, that is, extracting famous sayings and aphorisms.
In short, the composition should be accumulated, and the three writing warehouses of vocabulary, material and thought should be regularly counted, sorted and classified to continuously enrich and expand. Second, to write a good composition, first learn to observe that Mr. Lu Xun emphasized two points when answering the question of "how to write a good article" for literary youth: one is to read more books, and the other is to practice more.
Here, "seeing more" means observing more. This shows that in order to write a good article and master skillful writing skills, it is necessary to observe more and learn to observe, and observation is the necessary premise and foundation of writing.
Russian novelist Chekhov earnestly warned beginners: "A writer must train himself to be a keen observer and never give up! -It is a habit to exercise your own observation, as if it were second nature. " It takes time to hone observation into habit and second nature, which is very useful and remarkable.
Pay attention to the people, events, sights and things around you, and hunt for the materials needed in the composition: be interested in some seemingly insignificant but meaningful things, and pay attention to the cause, process and result of things; You should pay attention to how the plants in the campus flower beds change their colors all year round, and learn to get to the bottom of it and find out the ins and outs of these changes; You should go out, enter the society, meet more people, observe their words and deeds, think about some things, and integrate into your own thoughts at any time. This is the process of observation. In the process of observation, we should pay attention to the following points: (1) Observation should never be limited to "seeing with eyes".
Broadly speaking, more practical observation refers to mobilizing all the five senses of people: listening with ears, feeling with the body and, more importantly, thinking with the mind, so that the observation will be more delicate and profound. (2) Pay attention to the use of "bad writing" in the observation process.
As the saying goes, a good memory is better than bad writing. Many students see a lot and think a lot every day, but they are not good at writing it down at any time, which will waste the observed materials and a lot of valuable things.
9. Composition guidance: How to abbreviate a novel is to rewrite a literary work, and compress the length of a long article into a concise short article without changing the center, theme, genre and order of the original text.
Abbreviations Under the premise of grasping the center tightly, keep the trunk and cut off the branches and leaves. Keeping the trunk is a training form to compress words as needed without changing the basic content.
There are many forms of abbreviations, such as summaries and abstracts. We often see article abstracts, film briefs, novel outlines and so on. All of them are abbreviations, which are common types of abbreviations in daily life. No matter what form of abbreviation, we should keep the original style. We should firmly grasp the center of the original text and try to use the language in the original text, but remember not to copy the original text in large paragraphs.
It must be a well-structured composition, but be careful not to be top-heavy and choose the right materials, instead of picking one sentence from the east and copying another from the west. You should pay attention to training your ability to choose materials quickly. When the original text is deleted and incoherent, it should be combined with necessary words to make the text coherent and smooth.
Practicing abbreviations frequently can not only improve students' reading ability, grasp the center and focus of the article more accurately, understand the content of the article, but also improve students' ability to use words and develop the habit of being concise. It is helpful to examine students' generalization ability, language expression ability and understanding ability.
How to abbreviate? First of all, it should be noted that abbreviations simplify long articles into short articles on the basis of maintaining the original genre, center, main figures, major events and paragraph levels. Second, we should grasp the center of the full text and the meaning of each paragraph.
Look at the beginning of the original text, how the story unfolds and ends, how the paragraphs transition and connect, clarify the ideas of the article, and grasp the center and meaning of the article. Only in this way, the main plot of the article is not easy to miss, and the center can be consistent with the original.
Otherwise, the article will go out of shape. The third is to grasp the main materials of major events and delete secondary events and secondary materials.
When compressing and refining, you can write the dialogue of characters in a narrative way, deleting the description of details, scenery and appearance, leaving only the backbone of the story. Only in this way can we reach the reserved number of words stipulated in the abbreviation.
Fourth, we should clarify our thinking, how to start, how to end, how to unfold the story and so on when abbreviating. All these should be carefully thought over before writing. After the abbreviation, read it from beginning to end to see if there is any inconsistency, or if there is something in front, but it is ignored, omitted or unclear; Let's see if the connection between paragraphs is natural.
Pay attention to abbreviations, the article must not be fragmented. Abbreviation should be a good article.