It is estimated that by 2050, about 70% of the production and consumption structure will be undertaken by IT departments.
Therefore, more than 50% of the coal will stay in China for a long time.
Main energy source. In 2002, the total coal in China was 654.38+390 million tons.
In 2003, it was 65.438+0.6 billion tons, although the coal output reached in 2004.
1.96 billion tons, reaching 2 1 billion tons in 2005, which is still not fully satisfied.
Demand [1_2]. At present, the rapid economic growth in China has had a great impact on the coal industry.
Development puts forward higher requirements. To this end, we must ensure that the coal industry
* Article number:1003—3033 (2006) 05—0042—05; Date of receipt: February 2006-10; Date of revision: April 2006-12
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Sustained, stable and healthy development.
2 coal mine safety production status
95% of coal mines in China are underground, so coal mines are safe.
The production situation is still very grim, as follows:
1) The death toll from coal mine accidents accounts for the death of industrial and mining enterprises 1 person.
/kloc-72.8% ~ 89.6% of the accident deaths.
(2002 to 2005);
2) In a coal mine enterprise accident with more than one death 10, gas
Accidents account for 7 1% of the deaths. Main disasters faced by coal mines
The accident was quite serious, resulting in extremely heavy losses.
For example, what happened in Daping Coal Mine in Zhengzhou on October 20th, 2004/KLOC-0.
Gas explosion accident, 148 people died; 2004 1 1.28 et
Born in a gas explosion accident in Chenjiashan Coal Mine, Tongchuan, 166 people died;
In February 2005, a 14 El gas explosion occurred in Sunjiawan Mine, Fuxin.
Accident, 2 14 people died; In 2005, Qitaihe occurred165438+1October 27th, El.
Death in Dongfeng coal mine coal dust explosion accident 17 1 person [3-5 1.
3) There are many coal mine accidents and many deaths, which have caused our country.
The death rate of millions of tons in coal mines has been high, compared with advanced countries in coal mining.
There is a big gap between home and home.
20(K _ 2004, the death rate of one million tons of coal mines in China was
6 ~ 3, while the mortality rate of coal mines in foreign advanced coal mining countries is very high.
Low. For example, in 2000, the death rate per million tons of coal mines in South Africa was 0. 13.
India is 0.42, Poland is 0.26 and Russia is 0.46. In 2002
The death rate per million tons in American coal mines is only 0.025. Therefore, I
Compared with foreign advanced coal mining countries, China's coal mine safety production level is still
There is a big gap between earthworms 6.
4) Particularly serious gas (coal dust) disasters and accidents in coal mines
Frequent occurrence not only causes great losses to state property and citizens' lives,
But also seriously affected China's international reputation. In the people-oriented,
Under the background of caring for life and building a harmonious society, China Coal Mine will
It is necessary to greatly reduce and control the occurrence of major gas accidents.
5) Actually, gas accidents in coal mines are not accidental.
This is a concentrated exposure of the problems existing in the past coal mine production process, involving
However, in many aspects, whether it is natural factors or scientific and technological investment and research, it is not.
Sufficient, there are also artificial conditions and the country's system, management, economy and politics.
Policies, traditional social concepts, cultural quality of coal mining enterprises and so on.
3 main problems in coal mine production [7]
1) The natural occurrence conditions of coal seams in China are complex and changeable, which affects coal mines.
There are many factors in safe production, which are the objective factors that cause accidents.
Most of the coal seams mined in China belong to Carboniferous-Permian coal.
Layer, high gas content, low permeability of coal seam and complex geological structure.
It is difficult to extract gas before mining, but the gas emission decreases during mining.
Large, coupled with the complex geological conditions of mining coal seams, the mining scale has expanded.
The increase of intensive mining leads to the production of mining stress.
The changes of field, coal and rock fracture field and gas flow field are much more complicated.
Change, the original safety technology and theoretical basis has been difficult to adapt to the current coal mine.
The urgent need for safe and efficient production. It is easy to induce under certain conditions.
Coal and gas outburst and sudden gas emission cause gas.
accident
The coal mines in China are all high gas mines, and high gas mines are related to coal.
Gas outburst mines account for 48%, and the number of outburst disasters ranks first in the world.
At most, hundreds of times a year. The outstanding scale is several hundred tons and several thousand.
Tons, even more than ten thousand tons, there are many technical problems to be solved. Mel
Most of the coal mines in China and Australia are open-pit mines, and the occurrence conditions of coal seams are similar.
Measures taken for a small number of simple coal mines with prominent disasters
Stone often stops production and closes down. However, the situation in China is different. At present,
Under the condition of energy supply, for high gas mines and outburst mines, no.
You can take measures to stop production and business. To this end, only independent research and development and
Corresponding safety technology to ensure high gas mine and outburst
Mine safety production.
2) The state's technical positioning of coal mining enterprises is not accurate enough.
Watching factors.
For a long time, coal mines have been regarded as low-tech in people's minds.
High and low demand labor-intensive industries, so for a long time,
Insufficient technical input, poor equipment level and lack of industrial technicians and labor force.
Low dynamic efficiency. Put the "tribe" team in a highly dangerous job.
Working in an industrial environment, so once there is a gas (coal dust) explosion, mine
In the event of fire and other accidents, it is easy to cause heavy losses or even the destruction of the whole mine.
Phenomenon.
Coal mines in the United States, Australia and other advanced countries have all achieved high levels.
Mechanization, less underground workers, the whole mine roadway layout is simple,
The roadway has a large area and smooth airflow, which is convenient for evacuation in case of disaster.
It may cause fewer casualties. Besides, working in a coal mine
Personnel, in a sense, are also dangerous sources. Once there are violations.
Operation (intentional or unintentional) may lead to accidents. place
For high-risk industries, it is necessary to realize mechanization as much as possible and minimize mechanization.
Personnel.
For example, in 2003, the number of deaths in Australian coal mines was 0, which was higher than that in Australia.
Other industries, one of the main reasons is to benefit from high realization.
High degree of mechanization, less underground workers;
June 5438+10/October 2, 2006, Upshu, West Virginia, USA.
It is also true that there was an explosion in Simi Coal Mine in Er County, and only 12 people died.
It is beneficial to reduce 8J8 underground workers.
Coal mine production is a high-risk industry, relying only on "thousands of troops and horses" with low technology.
Miners with strong ability and low quality are at great risk of accidents caused by their labor.
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The view of safe production has not been recognized by the society for a long time. for
Therefore, the author suggests that the country should list coal mine as a high-risk industry and give it a must.
In order to invest, establish a coal industry access system, even in new mines.
The time should require improving the level of technical equipment and labor productivity.
At present, the actual situation is sometimes just the opposite, not only to meet the needs of local expansion.
The requirement of big employment even lowers students' technical equipment and labor level.
Productivity, resulting in funds being occupied by wages, unable to update equipment and improve.
Level of mine safety equipment.
3) Most coal mines have low technical level and low quality of employees.
Low, the gap of engineering and technical personnel is large, and it is difficult to adapt to the requirements of high-risk environment.
Is a reality that cannot be ignored.
Due to the low labor productivity of coal mines and the poor wage income of the whole industry,
Ranked second from the bottom in more than 20 industries in China, and the work is dangerous.
Dangerous, harsh working environment, high labor intensity and long working hours. this is
Caused a large number of brain drain, the emergence of "engineering, technology, management.
There are many talent gaps, and there are few front-line talents who are willing to work in coal mines for a long time. "
Phenomenon.
Taking Pingdingshan Coal Industry Group as an example, from 200 1 to 2003, it lost money.
Senior Engineer 162; Sichuan province has not entered for six consecutive years.
A college graduate studying mining. As a result, one party
On the other hand, the lack of safety technology and equipment, the existing safety technology and equipment.
Due to the lack of high-level talents, the equipment can not play its due role.
At 10 in daping coal mine, Mei Zheng on 10, 2004.
Take the gas explosion accident caused by "10 20" gas outburst as an example, a 280.
Horizontal coal and gas outburst are transported upstream to the upper level.
In the lane, several gas concentration monitors gave an alarm over the limit, indicating that the whole mine is in
When the gas explosion is on the verge of destruction, it is actually
3 1 min. No measures were taken to cut off the power supply, resulting in stringing the motor.
The car drove to the corner of the roadway and caused a gas explosion, causing death.
A particularly serious accident involving 148 people.
For the majority of coal miners, the quality of safety culture is even more so.
A serious problem. Because coal mine is a high-risk industry, coal production
There are many uncertain factors in the process, and high-quality talents should be needed.
Only by doing this work can we cope with the complicated situation in the production process.
noodle However, the reality is: because the salary is lower than other industries, work
The present situation of harsh industrial environment, high labor intensity and long working hours, plus
Nowadays, young people are mostly only children, so it is difficult to recruit them.
Skilled workers with a certain level of education. So we can only recruit farmers.
Migrant workers lack appropriate technical training. Adopt safety knowledge and
Low-skilled workers work and produce in this high-risk environment.
Accidents are inevitable.
4) Weak basic work and insufficient safety technology and equipment exist objectively.
The reality of existence.
The life span of coal mines is mostly decades or even hundreds of years.
At the beginning of the well, the production system of the mine was relatively good, but with the mining
The depth increases, the scope expands, the gas emission increases, and the ground stress increases.
Moreover, the gas pressure increases, the degree of danger increases sharply, and the original mine is healthy.
The production system is difficult to meet the requirements and cannot raise funds by itself.
Rebuild the production system. In other words, many coal mines can only be kept simple.
Reproduction, when it was difficult a few years ago, even wages could not be paid. a long while
Safety investment is low, equipment is poor, and there are some mines in the Republic of China and the early days of liberation.
The safety equipment is still in use, and the disaster resistance is poor, so nothing will happen.
Yes, once an accident happens, it is often a big accident.
In recent years, with the country's attention and investment in coal mine safety, coal mines
The safety equipment of the well has been greatly improved, but there are still many mines.
Well safety facilities can not meet the requirements, but also the existing safety.
Hidden danger. Therefore, it is suggested to further increase investment in coal mine safety.
The situation of coal mine safety production is good.
5) The imperfection of the national coal mine tax system is also an objective existence.
The truth is.
In the author's impression, 17% was adopted uniformly during the tax reform.
Because coal is a primary product, different from mechanical and electrical products.
Commodities, with no added value, are raw materials, and the current tax system is obviously not suitable.
Yes, so the tax rate has been lowered by three or four percentage points. I don't think so yet.
That's enough. The tax rate should be further reduced.
In addition, in order to protect state-owned resources and reduce the exploitation of resources.
Because of pollution, the author thinks that resource fees and environmental protection fees should be levied on coal.
The protection fee should compensate the state's input, and the charging standard should be natural.
Advantages and disadvantages of management environment, coal quality and coal mining system (state-owned, centralized)
Body and individual) and different, to reflect the relativity under the condition of market economy.
The principle of fairness and improvement of resource recovery rate should be applied in high gas mines.
Put the reduced taxes and fees into the technological transformation of safety and environmental protection.
Gas is actually a kind of resource, and gas drainage can not only
Solve the safety problems in coal mine production and improve the utilization rate of resources.
Utilization rate, reduce the pollution to the atmosphere. Therefore, in order to encourage mine tiles
It is suggested that the income from gas extraction and utilization should be reduced.
Close, and encourage gas power generation and the development of new ways to use gas (especially
Is the rational use of low concentration gas), so that high gas mines have enthusiasm.
Do everything possible to improve the gas drainage volume and utilization rate. Not only improved the mine
Well safety, and reduce the greenhouse effect of gas on the atmosphere (gas
The greenhouse effect on the atmosphere is 2 1 times that of carbon dioxide) t9], at the same time, it also
The recovery rate of resources is improved, and the co-mining of coal and gas is truly realized.
6) The handling after the accident failed to fully reflect the previous warning.
Function is also an objective phenomenon.
For a long time, when dealing with large-scale malignant accidents such as gas explosion,
On the one hand, we are deeply saddened by the large number of casualties and the loss of state property.
Heart, feel that those responsible should be severely punished, but on the other hand, I also saw it.
There are many reasons for this. The natural conditions of this mine are hard and primitive.
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The production system is imperfect, the safety facilities are insufficient and the quality of personnel is poor.
People's responsibility also has the reasons of leadership and objective environment. The author is right.
Miners have heartfelt sympathy and anxiety and feel that they work in a coal mine.
It is not easy to keep working, even if the capital is low and the environment is poor.
Yes I hope to respect, care for and protect him and create a safe production rule.
Pieces, otherwise no one will do this business.
Although the salary of coal mine leaders has been greatly improved in recent years,
The situation has changed, but many coal mine leaders are away all the year round.
Insist on working in the mine (except going out for meetings) and work more than ten times a day.
Hours, no holidays, always worried about accidents underground, and even sleeping at night.
Anxious. Therefore, compared with other industries,
Not too high.
4. Suggest the countermeasures and measures to be taken.
At present, although the situation of coal mine safety production is grim, this is particularly important.
So it happens from time to time, and there are many problems, but it is not useless.
Location. Its advantages are rich experience and high political and cultural quality.
Leaders at all levels; After decades of construction, it has a solid material foundation; Youjian
China's technical team has been trained for decades; It has been revised many times.
Coal mine safety regulations and provisions on prevention and control of coal and gas outburst.
Settings; There are specialized coal mine safety research institutions and related institutions.
School; Many large coal mining enterprises also have their own gas prevention and control institutions.
.. It should be said that it is entirely possible to control frequent gas accidents.
Now
In particular, China has the world's advanced production level of Shenhua coal.
Mine, but also in high gas and outburst dangerous conditions, for many years to achieve safety.
The technologies obtained by Huainan and Pingdingshan Coal Industry Group Co., Ltd. are all high-yield.
Technical and management experience. Scientific concept and advanced technology are very important to improve coal quality.
Mine safety production is precious. In order to reverse the current coal mine safety
The production situation, the author suggests, should mainly take the following countermeasures and
Measures.
4. 1 Strengthen publicity and staff training to improve staff quality.
Quality, reduce unsafe behavior.
1) Make the recent major gas accident into a vCD disc, which is divided into two parts.
Sent to all gas mines in the country, explain the cause of the accident, points
Analyze relevant responsibilities, deficiencies of measures, and lessons of accidents in order to knock.
Sound the alarm. In gas mines, everyone should know, like fighting SARS.
Sample, deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, concerned about the prevention and control of gas disasters, do understand the safety laws and regulations.
Cheng, a model for implementing safety regulations. In particular, coal miners should
Understand the hazards within the scope of work, and understand the dangers.
What measures should be taken at present to have the ability to solve related dangers,
In order to reduce accidents caused by people's unsafe behavior.
2) There should be more persons in charge of high gas mines and outburst mines.
Carry out technical training, implement the work permit system and publicize the disasters that have occurred in recent years.
Accident cases, experiences and lessons, in order to improve the front-line leadership.
Quality and level, improve their predictability of disasters and accidents.
Ability to handle accidents.
3) The state grants scholarships to hard majors in geology and mineral resources.
And sign an agreement with students on working years in coal mining enterprises after graduation,
At the same time, improve the treatment of technicians working in coal mines and establish coal mines.
The minimum wage system protects employees in this industry by improving their working environment.
The coal mine has a successor.
4.2 Strengthen scientific research and improve the level of safe production. build
Intrinsically safe production system
The party and government have always attached great importance to the safety production of coal mining enterprises.
Depending on the situation, the Labor Law, the Safety Production Law and the Coal Mine Safety have been promulgated successively.
Rules "and so on. The safety management ability has been continuously strengthened, and coal has been opened.
The level of mining technology has also been continuously improved, and in state-owned key coal mines.
The proportion of comprehensive mechanized mining technology reaches about 60%. but
However, major gas accidents in coal mines still occur from time to time, which leads to these accidents.
The direct reason is the complexity of CBM enrichment conditions in China.
Mining stress field, coal and rock fracture field and gas flow induced by underground operation
The interaction of three dynamic fields, the suddenness of mine gas dynamic disaster, roadway
Flow of gas explosion propagation process in roadway network system
The coupling of field, temperature field and chemical field increases the exploration of gas dynamics.
The mechanism of disasters and accidents and the difficulty of prevention and control technology. Especially in the last decade.
Over the years, the increase of mining depth and mining intensity has led to
The mining conditions are becoming more and more complicated, and the original safety technology and theoretical basis are difficult.
To meet the urgent needs of safe and efficient production in coal mines. Therefore,
Corresponding measures should be taken:
1) further strengthen scientific research, especially for
The current mining conditions are studied, including basic theoretical research,
The development of application technology and safety equipment to establish this
It lays a foundation for the quality and safety of mine production system.
2) For high gas mines and coal and gas outburst mines, it is suggested that
When a gas prevention group or research institute is established, it will cooperate with institutions of higher learning and
Full-time scientific research units to determine the coal seam within the scope of mine mining.
Gas pressure, coal seam permeability, coal strength, coal seam gas content, etc.
Technical parameters, find out the gas danger degree of mine related areas, and solve the problem.
Solve the technical problems encountered in the production process and make predictions after mining.
Matters needing attention in the process, and put forward the measures to be taken.
3) High-risk mines should invest the necessary funds to transform the ventilation system.
Systems and equipment, equipped with gas drainage system and monitoring equipment, to prevent mine disasters.
Rescue system and other safety facilities and equipment to improve safety in production.
Environment, improve the disaster resistance of production system.
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4.3 For high gas and outburst mines, special policies should be formulated and adopted.
Special measures to promote healthy development.
The existing resources of high gas outburst mine are poor and easy to occur.
On the one hand, it causes accidents, and at the same time it has relatively rich gas resources.
The state should formulate special policies for this purpose:
Reduce the tax quota of high gas mines, especially outburst mines,
Reduce the tax subsidy for mine safety investment to change
Good mine safety conditions;
Encourage gas drainage and gas development and utilization, and in
In the process of developing and utilizing gas, tax should be reduced or exempted to encourage gas-fired power generation.
The electricity it generates can be connected to the power grid without restriction or discrimination.
5 conclusion
Coal is the main energy source in China and will be the main energy source for a long time to come.
Coal-based pattern will not change, the author through China coal mine.
Analysis of the present situation of safety production and the countermeasures to be taken are as follows.
Two conclusions:
1) In recent years, the frequent accidents in the coal industry are caused by many factors.
Among them, the natural occurrence conditions of coal seams in China are much more complicated.
Change, the country's technical positioning of coal mining enterprises is not accurate enough, and the coal mining industry
The quality of personnel is not high, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of the working environment for the quality of personnel.
Q, the existing coal mine safety technology and equipment are not in place and coal mines
The tax system is unreasonable.
2) In order to solve the problems existing in the current coal mine production process,
Comprehensive measures should be taken to solve it. These include: strengthening publicity.
And reduce the number of employees.
Unsafe behavior, the establishment of the minimum wage system for employees in the coal industry.
Degree, improve its working environment, to ensure that coal mine successors; increase
Strengthen scientific research, improve the level of safe production and establish intrinsic safety.
Production system; Special measures should be made in high gas outburst mines.
Policy, take special measures to promote healthy development [10].
The solution of the above problems needs to attract the attention of the whole society.
Note * * * Only with the participation of enterprises, governments and other relevant departments can it be more effective.
Effectively promote the safe and healthy development of China's coal mines.