Children's mental health: problems and countermeasures of mental health education in kindergartens
With the deepening of educational reform, preschool education has made an unprecedented breakthrough. As an important part of mental health education, children's mental health education has attracted more and more attention from all walks of life. However, in the education of children's mental health, many problems are exposed. This paper attempts to explore these problems in children's mental health education in theory, analyze their causes, try to improve the current situation of children's mental health education, and put forward relevant suggestions and countermeasures.
Keywords kindergarten; Mental health; Countermeasure thinking
1. Introduction
Children's mental health means that children's psychological development level can reach the average level of corresponding age groups, with cheerful personality, no psychological obstacles, positive emotions and good ability to adapt to the environment. Children's mental health and physical health are equally important issues, but in early childhood education, we often only pay attention to physical health and ignore mental health education. In the eyes of adults, children are happy and carefree. But this is not the case. At work, we find that some children have psychological barriers, such as jealousy, loneliness, timidity, etc., and the resulting selfish, willful and overbearing behaviors cannot adapt to the development of society. Therefore, we should attach importance to and strengthen children's mental health education.
2. Problems in children's mental health education
2. 1 Theoretical accumulation is not deep enough.
After a period of development, children's mental health education has been paid attention to by the society, but because children's mental health education is still relatively new in China, we can only find and solve problems through exploration. At present, the related theories of children's mental health education are relatively backward, and the related accumulation is shallow, which leads to the fact that children's mental health education lags behind other countries in theory and cannot form a complete theoretical and practical system. Some preschool institutions use some scattered books to carry out mental health education, which cannot form a system.
2.2 Lack of professional teachers
At present, most of children's mental health education is carried out by kindergarten teachers. Most kindergarten teachers in most areas have not reached the post qualification and do not meet the academic requirements stipulated in the Teacher Qualification Ordinance. Because many teachers lack the study and research of children's psychological knowledge and solid theoretical knowledge of mental health, they often feel at a loss about children's psychological performance and various phenomena. This can neither correct children's psychological problems in time, nor foresee and prevent diseases that may be caused by children's psychology.
2.3 medical model trends
Many early childhood educators regard early childhood mental health education as adults in their work, and often use the model of primary school and even adult mental health education for reference to carry out early childhood mental health education. This leads to the neglect of children's practical acceptance. Some kindergarten teachers give psychological correction to children with problems and copy some psychological treatment methods, without considering whether this method will have a negative impact on children. Due to the lack of psychological knowledge and experience, some preschool teachers regard children's psychological problems as ordinary personal habits. Many children's mental health education has been replaced by moral education. Teachers often regard children's psychological problems as ideological and moral problems unilaterally, and the methods adopted are only some ideological and moral talks and persuasion.
3. Effective countermeasures to improve children's mental health education.
3. 1 Attach importance to theoretical guidance and learning, and improve the level of mental health educators for young children.
At present, many colleges and universities in China have opened the specialty of infant psychology, which provides professional ability for kindergartens to carry out mental health education. Some kindergartens with good conditions can be used as their experimental or scientific research bases. On the one hand, kindergartens can often invite psychological education experts to come to the park for guidance, such as giving special lectures. On the other hand, kindergarten practice can also provide relevant test basis for experts' theoretical research. In China, most children's mental health educators are preschool teachers. It is an important way to solve the shortage of teachers to improve the professional level of preschool education and carry out professional training of psychological knowledge. We can take this kind of psychological professional training as the content of kindergarten teachers' continuing education, so that kindergarten mental health educators can master the theories and skills about mental health, psychological counseling and psychotherapy. Only in this way can children's mental health education be put in place.
3.2 Create a good environment to ensure the healthy development of children's body and mind.
Kindergartens should create a good environment and carry out mental health education for children. This environment should not only include the physical environment, such as kindergarten buildings, kindergarten trees and grasslands. It should also include psychological environment, such as teacher-student relationship, class atmosphere, peer relationship and so on. The development of children's physiology and psychology determines that children's needs should be fully considered in the creation of environment. How to choose color should also be fully considered in the layout of kindergarten classroom wall decoration. Usually the color chosen is softer, and the brighter color is not suitable. And make full use of the natural environment in the kindergarten, do a good job in greening and beautifying, so that the layout is beautiful and reasonable, in line with the aesthetic needs of children. In addition to the requirements of these physical environments, we can also regard the psychological environment as between children and teachers, and between children and children? Psychological field? .
3.3 Games and learning are combined to complement each other.
In the daily activities of kindergartens, games are basically topics. Through the specific and vivid activity characteristics of games, children's psychology is constantly growing and developing. In the experience and training of games, children constantly express themselves and communicate with others, gradually learn self-control, self-care and self-restraint, constantly improve their personality connotation and improve their socialization level. Besides games, we should also attach importance to and infiltrate mental health education in other activities in kindergartens. Every day of children's life contains very rich educational contents, both moral education and psychological education. Kindergarten teachers should be good at grasping the opportunity of education and pay attention to the comprehensive penetration of mental health education in teaching.
3.4 the establishment of children's psychological files, home cooperation * * * with the promotion.
Children's psychological files can include the following contents: name, age, family background, class, personality psychological quality test, social adaptability test, kindergarten teacher evaluation and so on. This information is an important basis for understanding children's mental health level. Kindergartens should file files for each child to find and solve their psychological problems in time. Strengthening family cooperation is also a way of children's mental health education. Parents should not only care about the healthy development of young children, but also help them to establish a correct concept of development and master some basic knowledge of psychology. Kindergartens can provide parents with opportunities to understand mental health education by offering special lectures. We should also make full use of social resources to enjoy them.
4. Conclusion
In a word, mental health is an inseparable part of human health. With the continuous development of society, mental health becomes more and more important. Therefore, we should pay special attention to the development of children's mental health, grasp the characteristics of children's psychological development and common psychological problems, and understand the factors affecting the problems. Only in education can we suit the remedy to the case, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, help children correct bad personality tendencies and make their mental health develop. Therefore, we must attach importance to cultivating children's psychology, and take self-esteem, self-confidence, independence, sense of responsibility, creativity and social skills as important educational goals. Through mental health education, children can learn to be human from an early age and become a new generation with mental health and be able to adapt to future social needs and challenges.
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[2] Zheng Yuxin. Children's mental health education. Chengdu: Sichuan Education Press, 2009.67-82.
[3] Xia Xiaogang. Children's mental health and counseling. Journal of Education, 20 10(2).70-7 1.
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