Bai Juyi was born in Xinzheng, Zhengzhou (now Henan) from the seventh year of Dali (772) to the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan (799). Smart since childhood, learned to write poetry at the age of 5 or 6, and was familiar with phonology at the age of 9. 1 1 years old, because of the war between the two rivers, he fled from Xingyang to Fuli, Xuzhou (now Su County, Anhui Province), and soon went south to Vietnam and became the cousin of the county magistrate in Hangzhou. During his wandering life in 1956, Bai Juyi came into contact with the sufferings of the people and was influenced by two poets, Wei and Fang Rufu, who were the secretariat of Suzhou and Hangzhou at that time. He wrote poems such as "A Letter to Xuzhou Brothers for Sending a Guest to the North from the South of the Yangtze River" and "Farewell to Ancient Grass". At the age of 65,438+05,65,438+06, he decided to be a scholar and work hard. Later, when my father died and my mother became ill, I lived on my eldest brother Bai Youwen's meager salary and traveled between Poyang and Luoyang, and my life was very difficult.
At the beginning of his official career, he was demoted from the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800) to the 10th year of Yuanhe (8 15). In the sixteenth year of Zhenyuan, Bai Juyi was twenty-nine years old and a scholar. In the eighteenth year (802), he took the "Excellent Book Judge" with Yuan Zhen. This is where their engagement began. Later, they became famous in the poetry circle and were called "Bai Yuan". In the spring of nineteen years, he was awarded the provincial school secretary. In Yongzheng (805), Wang Zhiyi and Wei Zhiyi carried out political reform. Bai Juyi wrote to Wei, suggesting that we should open our minds, select talents, punish evil and promote good, appoint talents and appoint people, and lose no time to reform quickly. But soon, Wang and Wei were successively demoted, and the political reform failed. His suggestion was not adopted, and he wrote poems such as Moral to express his regret. In the first year of Yuanhe (806), he dropped out of school and wrote 75 articles "Celin", which put forward a governance plan for major social and political problems and was an important material for studying his political thoughts. This year, he was named the county commandant of □□ (now Zhouzhi, Shaanxi Province) for "Watching Wheat Cutting" and "Song of Eternal Sorrow". In Yuanhe two years, he was sent to Jixian College of Science. 1 1 month, awarded the bachelor's degree of academician courtyard. The following year, I was awarded the left supplement. In five years, Cao, a resident of Jingzhao Prefecture, joined the army, all of whom remained as Hanlin's bachelor. Drafting imperial edicts and participating in state secrets. Under the guidance of Confucianism, he was not afraid to offend powerful people, and wrote a series of books on things, such as playing the plan of inviting Gade in the middle tone, discussing the human form of the system, discussing the shape of Pei, discussing the shape of harmony, and playing the prison shape of townships and counties, all of which were important for the country to control chaos and people's lives at the same time. He also consciously used poetry as a weapon to "assess the situation" and "vent human feelings" to promote the new Yuefu movement. However, due to the increasingly corrupt state affairs, his plays and poems attracted the envy and attack of the authorities.
In the sixth year of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi returned to Beijing as the doctor of Prince Zuo Zanshan after serving his mother's funeral. In the tenth year of Yuanhe, the separatist forces in the two rivers joined forces against the Tang Dynasty and sent people to assassinate Wu, the prime minister who advocated the separatist regime in the region. Bai Juyi took the lead in getting rid of the murderer to avenge his country. However, he was attacked by corrupt bureaucratic forces for exceeding his authority, fabricated the charge of "damaging the name of religion" and was demoted to Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) Sima. This is a heavy blow to him.
After being demoted to Jiangzhou, he was transferred from the 11th year of Yuanhe (8 16) to the 2nd year of Daiwa (828). In the second year after Bai Juyi arrived in Jiangzhou, he wrote Pipa Xing. Through the unfortunate life experience of a famous prostitute who is good at playing pipa in Chang 'an, the poem expresses her political frustration. Before that, he had seen the darkness of the imperial court and had the idea of leaving as soon as possible. After this blow, the thought changed sharply from "the best of both worlds" to "only doing good deeds", and he was determined to achieve "the career path will be different from now on, and the world will be silent from now on" ("Heavy Topic"); "Sorrow and joy are eliminated on the surface, and right and wrong are eliminated in the chest" (Yong Huai). However, he did not resign and retire, but chose a road of "official seclusion". While hanging idle posts, I built a thatched cottage in Lushan Mountain and made friends with monks, friends and lovers in order to be satisfied and peaceful. In line with this, leisure poems and sentimental poems describing the quiet realm and expressing personal feelings began to increase, while the satirical poems with strong fighting in the early stage were relatively few. In the thirteenth year of Yuanhe, he served as the secretariat of Zhongzhou. In fifteen years, he was recalled to Beijing, worshipped the minister of history as a foreign minister, moved to the doctor, studied the imperial edict, and entered the Chinese book to give up people. Due to state affairs, the cronies of the DPRK and China have been in conflict with each other and have repeatedly refused to listen. In the second year of Changqing (822), he requested to go abroad and go out to be the secretariat of Hangzhou. After that, I worked as a short-term Suzhou secretariat. When I was in Hangzhou, I built a lake embankment to store water and irrigate more than 1000 hectares of land. And dig six wells in the city to drink. On the day I left Suzhou, people in the county sent each other tears. In the first year of Emperor Wenzong Daiwa (827), he visited our company. The following year, he was transferred to assistant minister of punishments.
In his later years, he retired to Luoyang in the hot sun for three years (829) and Huichang for six years (846). Bai Juyi began to live in Luoyang at the age of 58. He has served as a distinguished guest such as Prince, Henan Yin, and Prince Shaofu. In the second year of Huichang (842), he became an official with the minister of punishments. In Luoyang, he lived a life of drinking, playing the piano, writing poems, traveling and "telling his family". He often sings with the famous poet Liu Yuxi and calls him "Bai Liu". In his comfortable old age, he still often thinks of the people. At the age of 73, he also invested in digging Longmen Bashi Beach to facilitate navigation. He died two years later. Buried at Pipa Peak in Xiangshan, Longmen (see the color map of Bai Juyi's tomb in Luoyang, Henan Province). The poet Li Shangyin wrote an epitaph. It has become a tourist attraction.
Bai Juyi's poetry theory integrates Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Guided by the Confucian thought that "poverty is the only way to protect yourself, and achievement is the best way to help the world", it acts independently. His ambition of "benefiting both the people and the people" is mainly to implement Confucian benevolent policies, but it also includes the theory of Huang Lao, the technique of treating Xiao and the method of applying for Korea. His mind of "being alone" absorbed the concepts of contentment, uniformity and freedom of Laozi and Zhuangzi and the Buddhist thought of "liberation". The second song "Song of Awakening" said: "I heard that there is a way out for Futu teaching." Seeking peace of mind, going all out, uncomfortable. When trusted by the emperor, he spoke out politically and dared to do things, so his poetry creation actively reflected the sufferings of people's livelihood and served to make up for current events. When he loses trust and can't do anything, he asks to be dismissed from his post or to be an idle official. Instead of avoiding disaster, he amused himself with poetry, wine, Zen and traveling, and his poetry creation mainly expressed his personal feelings. No matter whether he is rich or poor, he can't live without poetry. The illustrations of Bai Juyi's poem "West Village" are selected from "Six-character Tang Poetry Painting of Yazhai in Ming Wanli Collection".
Bai Juyi not only left nearly 3000 poems in his life, but also put forward a whole set of poetry theory. He compared poetry to a fruit tree and put forward the famous argument of "root feeling, Miao language, Watson, true meaning" (Yu Yuan Jiu Shu). Emotion is the content of poetry, harmony is the expression of poetry, and righteousness is the social effect of poetry. He analyzed the emotional activities in poetry creation, saying that "when a great man feels useless, he must be moved by emotion, and then he will sigh and sing in the form of a poem" (Zelin, 69). He also said: "Musicians are based on sound, vocalists are based on emotion, and emotion is based on politics" (Ce Lin 64). It is believed that emotional activities are not generated out of thin air, but originated from "things" in social life and are closely related to "politics" at that time. Therefore, poetry creation cannot be divorced from reality, but must come from life and reflect the social and political situation of an era based on various events in real life.
Bai Juyi inherited China's traditional poetic theory centered on The Book of Songs, emphasizing the realistic content and social function of poetry. He said: "Write articles in time, write poems and things" (Nine Books in the Same Yuan). He said, "What about poetry? Six meanings are transmitted to each other; Elegant and elegant, I have never tasted empty talk. " (Reading Zhang Ji's Ancient Yuefu) The so-called "serving the time" and "serving things" means "helping people to cure diseases and make up for the lack of time". The so-called "six meanings" and "elegance" refer to the beautiful thorn effect of Chen in the poem. Due to the darkness of society and political corruption at that time, he paid more attention to the "thorn" side in the Beauty Thorn, emphasizing the role of poetry in criticizing social politics, demanding that "only singing makes people sick", "every sentence must be regulated" ("send"), "teach the monarch from above" and "save advice from below" ("Selin" 68), pointing out that ". In his view, only when poetry creation has played this role, attracted the attention of those in power, and played a little role in improving national politics and people's lives, can it be considered as achieving the purpose of writing, otherwise it will be just "empty talk". Based on the above theory, he put forward a series of principles in poetry expression methods: ① "moderation in speech quality", concise, unadorned, straightforward and not circuitous; (2) "Call a spade a spade, come straight to the point", talk about the facts, be close to the facts and speak thoroughly; 3 "facts", the content is true, can stand the test, not empty talk, not grandiose; (4) "Smooth body", fluent words, easy to recite and easy to tune ("Introduction to New Yuefu"). It is in this direction that some of his own poems have been put into practice.
In the mid-Tang Dynasty, class contradictions and internal contradictions of the ruling class were very acute, and this poetic theory was of positive significance to urge poets to face up to reality and Guan Xinmin's disease. It also plays a critical role in the poetic style that has gradually emphasized form since Dali period. However, he overemphasized that poetry creation was subordinate to the needs of real politics, and sometimes it was inappropriate to turn poetry into a rhyming sermon. Sometimes he used this theory to criticize famous poets such as Xie Lingyun, Tao Yuanming, Xie and Li Bai, which inevitably seemed biased and narrow-minded. Even Du Fu has only thirty or forty good poems (nine books with Yuan) worthy of recognition. Similarly, if we blindly emphasize the expression methods of poetry, such as "emphasizing the quality of words", it will inevitably constrain the creation of poetic art and the diversity of poetic styles, which will inevitably lead to shallow disadvantages, thus being criticized by Du Mu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, and some poets in the Song Dynasty.
When Bai Juyi was in Jiangzhou, he compiled his own poems, which were divided into four categories: irony, leisure, sentimentality and miscellaneous methods. According to his self-report, satirical poems are "those who feel comfortable, those who feel beautiful, those who feel harmonious because of their martial arts, entitled" New Yuefu ",and leisure poems are" those who retire from public office and live alone, or those who move away from illness and live in seclusion, content with peace and singing "; Sentimental poetry is "things are introduced from the outside, reasons move inside, and feelings sigh"; Miscellaneous poems are "five words, seven words, long sentences, quatrains, from rhyme to rhyme". Generally speaking, the first three categories are ancient poems, and the last category is modern poems; The contents of the first three categories are quite different, but some of them are intertwined. Among these four kinds of poems, Bai Juyi pays more attention to satirical poems and leisure poems. He believes that satirical poems reflect "the will to help others" and leisure poems express "the intention to be independent", which are the direct manifestations of his life goals. Sentimental poems and miscellaneous poems are "either seduced by one thing or sent by a smile, born spontaneously, not in life" (Yuan Zaju "Nine Books").
The most essential part of Bai Juyi's poetry creation is satirical poems, including 50 masterpieces such as New Yuefu and 10 Qin Zhongyin. These poems widely reflect the major issues in all aspects of social life in the mid-Tang Dynasty, focusing on the darkness of reality and people's suffering, such as Watching the Wheat Harvest, Rehmannia glutinosa Picking, Heavy Fu, Ling Du Wrong and so on. "Ziwei Geshan North Village" and "Selling Charcoal Weng" describe the arrogance of eunuchs and the suffering brought by the court market to the people; Light and fat, singing and dancing, red carpet, Zhuge, etc. Expose the luxury of the rich and noble; Xinfeng Brokeback Weng, Bin Rongman, Cheng Yanzhou, Xi Liangci, etc. Reflect the border defense problem and the disaster brought to the people by the war. Loosening the sword, winning the world, leaving sadly, remaining, etc. Angry at the suppression of talents under the restriction of family status; Silver Bottle at the Bottom of the Well, Marriage Proposal, Mother's Farewell and Shang Yang's White-Haired Man accuse women of their tragic fate under the bondage of ethics. "Bad Friends", "Harmony Pheasant" and "The Way of Heaven is Measurable" attack the declining world and show weak human feelings; Long Sea and Dream Fairy satirize the falsehood and ignorance of superstitious immortals. These works are called hard work and directness. On the basis of widely reflecting the reality, the poet criticized unreasonable phenomena, such as "taking away my warmth and buying my immediate favor" ("Heavy Fu"); "I don't know if cold people want to be warm, so I take other people's clothes and make less lichens" (Red Carpet); "If you abuse people and hurt things, it is a wolf. Why do you have to grab your teeth and eat human flesh? " ("Du Lingcuo") sharp wording, no scruples, broke through the Confucian "gentle" poetry teaching frame. This is very prominent in ancient poems criticizing current politics.
In the form of expression, satirical poems mostly adopt the method of direct assignment. Sell charcoal Weng, Xinfeng Brokeback Weng, Binrongman, silver bottle at the bottom of the well, etc. , has a complete narrative and vivid plot, vividly depicts human feelings and things, and has made positive contributions to the development of Chinese narrative poetry tradition. The other part of satirical poetry uses allegorical excuses and relies on natural images to express the author's political feelings. For example, "Black Dragon" wrote that every family killed pigs to sacrifice to the Dragon King, and all the wine and meat were actually fed to the fox, but the Dragon King, who lived in the ninth place, knew nothing about it, vividly depicting the situation that saturated people were exploited by the corruption of the emperor's eyes, ears and officials. On the other hand, Painting on the Sea created a scene of "Wan Li has no living scales and all rivers flow backwards" by making waves at sea, which gave a true portrayal of the political situation of the separatist regime and the joint rebellion against the Tang Dynasty. There are also anthropomorphic animals and plants such as cranes, birds, pines and bamboos, which are used to express various characters and their relationships in social life. For example, the twelfth chapter of Birds and Insects written in his later years belongs to this kind of fable poem. Whether it is direct homework or fable stories, they are generally profound, typical, focused in theme, vivid in image and clear in language. Some new Yuefu also adopted the sentence pattern of "three, three, seven", which showed that the poet borrowed from folk popular literature and art.
Bai Juyi's leisure poems are mostly used to express his leisure, his yearning for seclusion and quiet life and his interest in a clean and honest life. Many chapters also promote the negative thought of contentment. However, there are also some striking aphorisms, such as "The guest is difficult, especially the minister", "I am straight and express, but if I encounter something strange, it is not my ambition" (the second service) "The situation is too rigid to share the dust with the world. Not only is it not expensive, but it is also afraid of disaster "("self-writing straight "). It still reflects his dissatisfaction with the real society from the side, indicating that his pursuit of leisure is only helpless self-liberation. There are also some excellent works describing natural scenery and pastoral scenery in leisure poems. Such as "Looking at the Crops" and "Three Songs Returning to the Fields", writing rural scenes is simple and fresh. "Poems on the Temple of Youwu Town 130 Rhyme" describes the five-day trip to the mountains in turn in the style of travel notes, which makes people feel immersive.
Bai Juyi's sentimental poems are about temporary feelings, but they often have deep sustenance. Among them, such as the famous narrative poems "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and "Pipa". Song of Eternal Sorrow tells the love story of Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, and Yang Yuhuan, the imperial concubine of Tang Dynasty. It is sentimental, and it is a deep sustenance. The emperor of China longed for the beauty that might shake an empire to be written in poetry, which led to ignorance and misunderstanding of the country, with obvious irony; He even wrote, "The earth endures, and the sky endures; One day both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever, "expressing the author's sympathy." Tang Hong Chen said that Bai Juyi was "deeper than poetry, more than emotion", and the creation of "Song of Eternal Sorrow" was "not only feeling things, but also trying to punish beautiful things, stifling chaos and hanging on the future" (Song of Eternal Sorrow). Pipa travel has a sense of urgency. These two long poems have twists and turns in narrative, delicate feelings, vivid descriptions, changeable atmosphere and harmonious rhythm, and have made great artistic achievements. "The boy can solve the song of eternal regret, and Hu Er can sing the pipa" (Li Chen, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, hangs Bai Juyi), which just shows that these two poems are loved by the masses. Therefore, Zhao Yi, a Qing Dynasty man, pointed out that Bai Juyi "has no complete works, but his two poems are immortal" (Volume 4 of Ou Bei Shi Hua). Many sentimental poems have been rewarded by relatives and friends, such as Moonlit Night after Farewell to My Brother, Happy Su in Tianbao of the South of the Yangtze River, Painting Bamboo Songs, Praise for Silver after Drunk, etc. , are sincere. Most of this kind of poems lament the illness and mourn the death of the old man, such as "fear of old age turns to force, worry about illness", "crying in my heart, loving at dusk" (second consciousness) and so on; Tired of worldly troubles, he tried to get rid of them, claiming to "get rid of the wheel of life and death" and "wash away the dust of troubles forever" (ibid.), which was obviously branded with Buddhist thought.
Miscellaneous poems are the most numerous in Bai Juyi's poems. Among them, Farewell to the Grassland, Spring Tour in Qiantang River, Farewell to West Lake, Mujiang Song, A Suggestion for Friend Liu, etc. It takes only a few strokes to draw a picture of a prosperous business, which has always been popular. And some long lines that tell the truth and compare sounds and rhymes, a glass of wine and various small pieces of customs are also quite effective, but they are not enough.
The basic style of Bai Juyi's poems is simple, clear and popular. Plain is to write ordinary things with ordinary words, understand nature and let everyone appreciate it. The so-called "there is no trace of the weight of people, and there is no trace of the clothes of immortals" (Liu Yuxi's "Twenty-two Poems Sent by Hanlin Bai") is a high praise for this simple and natural poetic style. Simple realm is not easy to achieve. Liu Xizai's "Outline of Art" said: "Common sayings are easy, strange words are difficult, and this poem is also at the beginning. Strange words are easy, but common sayings are difficult, so this poem is also important. Xiangshan is often strange, and this situation is not easy. " Zhao Yi's Poems of Oubei also thinks that "Yuan and Bai are free and easy, and people say what they think", and points out that "those who are free and easy, touch the scene more, take care of the overall situation, have a bright future, are eloquent and can be refreshing and chewy". The plainness of white poetry is also related to the straightforward narration of the scene, which means that the pen follows and the writing is free. "Emotions lead to the end of the song, enter the liver and spleen, follow things, and are full of danger and vitality" (Wang Ruoxu's Su Shinan Dialect), which is very infectious. This simplicity is the result of refining. Zhao Yi added: "His pen is as fast as scissors and as sharp as a kundao, without any hidden meaning or slightly gloomy words;" Work hard and exercise clean. Seemingly simple, it's actually very pure. "In the Song Dynasty, there was a monk named Hui Hong who told the legend that Bai Juyi wrote poems to make the old woman understand. Although it is not necessarily true, it is a fact that his works use simple words and rarely use allusions and Archaic language, which is easy for readers to accept. He also likes to refine folk proverbs into poems to add poetic flavor. Tang Yingui quoted Yu Genglu as saying, "In the poem of Bai Taifu,' clothes dry in summer, and the tide gives birth to a boat', and Wuzhong took the rising tide as the boat movement and adopted it into the poem, which became a good sentence. Gong Yizheng's Notes on Tibetan Mustard also said: "In the poem, using the present, like a horse, is a little more cold-hearted, jealous of him, bullying me, hateful, not staying, winning, and being soft, all like heaven. "
The creative style of Bai Juyi's poems has been criticized by later generations. Some people say that he is "vulgar", "shallow" and even "strong anger" (Si Kongtu's Comments on Wang Jia's Poems). These criticisms show that some of Bai Juyi's works are dazzling, charming and vulgar in style; In his later years, he was "more contented and identical" (Wang Shizhen dialect was quoted in the Style of Poetry Origin), and "among them, the corrupt customs in the Tang Dynasty ranked sixth and seventh" (Ye Xie's Original Poetry). In art, he also has a considerable number of poems, the meaning is too detailed, the language is too explicit, lacking implicit charm and cadence. However, most of his successful works can be "shallow and profound, and the meaning is clear" (Xue Xue's "A Ladle of Poems"), which contains far-reaching ideological interest in a simple and compact form and effectively shows the important achievements of Bai poetry in popularization and popularization. Therefore, in the late Tang Dynasty, Zhang Wei called Bai Juyi "an educator in a broad sense" in the poet's subject-object diagram, which just illustrates this point. The profound content and simple style make Bai Juyi's works widely circulated in the society. When he was alive, the poem has been widely read. "There are no books on the wall of the forbidden temple, and the princes and concubines have no way. As for those who write about moles and sell them in the market, or use them to make wine and tea, they are everywhere (Preface to Evergreen Collection in Yuanshi County). The so-called "Yuanhe Style" that he sang with Yuan Zhen, "He dressed himself as a scholar, slandered slang and learned irony" (Biography of Yuan Zhen in the Old Tang Dynasty). Bai Juyi's fame spread far and wide overseas. At that time, a Korean businessman came to look for white poems and took them back and sold them to the prime minister. One of them is worth one hundred dollars. Hui E, a Japanese monk, also copied a white collection in nanzenji, Suzhou, and brought it back to China. Later, others copied it back one after another. There are three kinds of manuscripts in Japan so far, which are equivalent to Song and Yuan Dynasties and are regarded as national treasures.
Bai Juyi's poems have a great influence on later literature. Pi Rixiu, Nie, Lu Guimeng, Luo Yin and Du Xunhe in the late Tang Dynasty, Wang Yu □, Mei, Su Shi, Zhang Lei and Lu You in the Song Dynasty, and Wu and Huang Zunxian in the Qing Dynasty were all inspired by Bai Juyi's poetic style in different ways and to varying degrees. In addition, many playwrights in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties wrote operas based on the stories of Bai Juyi's works. For example, Bai Pu's Rain evolved into Song of Eternal Sorrow, Hong's Palace of Eternal Life, Ma Zhiyuan's Shirt Tears evolved into Pipa, and Jiang Shiquan's Four-stringed Autumn. Many words in Bai poetry were also adopted in the scripts of Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties.
Besides poetry, Bai Juyi's articles are also very distinctive. Although he does not belong to Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan's literary group, he promoted the innovation of prose with his own creative practice. Seventy-five articles in his "Ce Lin" discuss world affairs and consciously follow Jia Yi's "public security policy". Some of these chapters, such as Deception, Honest Officials and Eliminating Thieves, are not only practical in content, but also profound in analysis, vivid in language and straightforward in words, which are excellent works in argumentative writing. The book for the Prime Minister and a series of political dramas are detailed and straightforward, which opened the precedent for Wang Anshi to write things in the Northern Song Dynasty. Yuan Jiu Shu is an important literary criticism document in Tang Dynasty. However, it is meaningful to write landscapes, such as Caotang Collection, Lengquan Pavilion Collection, Preface to Three Wandering Cave and Preface to Litchi Map, and it is also the style of writing Qu Zi Ci. His poems "Recalling Jiangnan", "Langtaosha", "Flowers Are Not Flowers" and "Sauvignon Blanc" opened the way for the development of literati ci.
This collection and research data Bai Juyi arranged his poems several times before his death. Originally named Bai Changqing Ji, it was later renamed Bai Wen Ji. * * * Collected more than 3,800 poems, 75 volumes and 5 volumes. It is hidden in Lushan, Suzhou, Luoyang and their grandnephew's home. In the late Tang Dynasty, the manuscripts were scattered all over the place, and they were written over and over again, which was not the original appearance. The earliest extant white anthology is the Southern Song Dynasty Shaoxing engraving (11~162), with only 7 1 volume and more than 3,600 poems (including dozens of others). In the thirty-fourth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1606), Ma Yuandiao reprinted Bai Changqing Collection (volume 7 1), which was basically the same as Shaoxing edition. Another Japanese Bonadaoyuan 16 18 movable-type superimposed Song engraving (photocopied and published by the Commercial Press) is divided into two parts, and the content is basically the same as Shaoxing edition. In the early Qing Dynasty, Wang Liming printed 40 volumes of Poems of Baixiangshan, only the poems had no text, including 2 volumes of lost addenda, and added notes to the original notes. 1979, Zhonghua Book Company published the Collection of Bai Juyi, which was collated by Gu, with Shaoxing edition as the base, and the books were revised and supplemented. He also compiled two volumes of Waiji, collected lost poems, and attached Bai Zhuan, Important Preface and Postscript of Baiji and Chronology.
In terms of research materials, both new and old books in the Tang Dynasty have biographies of Bai Juyi, and both Chen and Chen have chronicles. Chen's Shi Hua and Cen's Bai Juyi's Fake Collection of Changqing have made textual research on Bai Juyi's poems in many aspects. Today, Wang Ji Bai Juyi was born, and Zhu Jincheng collected Bai Juyi's chronicle. 1962, Zhonghua Book Company published Bai Juyi Volume, a collection of classical literature research materials edited by Chen Youqin, and collected relevant comments from the middle Tang Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty. In addition, Bai Juyi's Study by Hideki Hideki, a Japanese flower house, is an important reference book for studying Bai Juyi.