At the beginning of the poem, the author wrote: "At first, people tried to make the earth rich with spells, so that poultry and livestock would not be destroyed and young people would be born safely." Then, they prayed to the capricious gods not to drop the disasters of fire and flood; Their offerings filled with fireworks burned on the altar with blood. "In my opinion, these poems are about ancient civilizations more than 5,000 years ago, where people believed in myths and worshipped gods. However, myths and conjectures in ancient civilization-this seemingly superstitious idea-are just the seeds of early scientific thinking and knowledge. At that time, science was not systematic and had no theoretical guidance, and it mainly appeared in the form of myths and conjectures.
Then poetry brought us to an era that was absolutely worthy of future generations-500 years from the 7th century BC to the 4th century BC, the scientific period of ancient Greece. During this period, a large number of great thinkers such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle appeared in ancient Greece. At the same time, Confucius, Laozi and other schools of thought have also appeared in the East. The ancient source of modern eastern and western civilizations reached its peak almost at the same time. Natural science, which came from the legends and conjectures of ancient civilization, also began to achieve unprecedented achievements and prosperity, that is, ancient Greek science mentioned in Pierre Dan's poems. Later, bold philosophers and sages made a fixed plan, trying to prove that nature should be like this with thinking or sacred scrolls. The ancient Greeks paid attention to the establishment of ideological and theoretical system, and ancient Greece was also the cradle of scientific thought.
There are two periods of ancient Greek science in the history of science. The first period is the classical Greek period from Thales to Aristotle; The second period is the Hellenistic period from Euclid to Galen, also known as the Alexandria period. In these two periods, the research direction of ancient Greek philosophy also changed from "seeking the origin of all things in nature" to "seeking the existence of the world from outside the material world". The ancient Greeks left a glorious page in the history of science. Their contribution to human civilization does not lie in material civilization such as great projects or magnificent buildings. Their greatest contribution lies in the human spirit, which provides a rational way of thinking for future generations and scientific theories and ideas that later became the source of modern scientific ideas. The "heroes, philosophers and sages" in the poem refer to these great ancient Greek thinkers and scientific masters: Thales, one of the "seven sages" of ancient Greece, the founder of the militarist school, and great politicians, engineers, mathematicians and astronomers. For the first time, he put forward the philosophical question of the origin of all things or what the original elements are in the form of non-mythology, and used the tangible thing-"water" as the answer to this question; Democritus-the founder of atomism: Pythagoras, the founder of Pythagoras school, has outstanding achievements in mathematics, including Pythagoras theorem, irrational numbers, triangle interior angles and 180 degrees; Plato is not only the ancient Greek philosophy, but also one of the greatest philosophers and thinkers in the whole western philosophy and even the whole western culture. He believes that any philosophy that can be universally applied must contain a theory about nature and the universe. Plato tried to grasp the eternal truth about the individual and nature, so he developed a natural philosophy that was suitable for and subject to his political and theological views. Aristotle, an encyclopedic scholar, is a master of Greek natural philosophy. In natural science, he raised a series of basic theoretical questions. In biological science, he put forward the viewpoint that biological research should be based on extensive observation, and he also initiated logic. Euclid, the author of scientific deduction in Elements of Geometry, provided a complete deduction system and axiomatic method for later generations. Archimedes, the "father of mechanics", made great contributions to mathematics, mechanics and astronomy. He was praised as "the first and greatest modern physicist in the ancient world" by Pierre Dan, a British historian of science. Hippocrates, the "father of medicine", put forward the medical theory of "liquid theory", emphasizing "natural therapy", which is famous for formulating moral standards that doctors must abide by; Ptolemy-"geocentric theory" is wrong but great; Galen-a medical master since ancient Greece. Exploring the structure and function of the human body, simple materialism runs through medicine ... don't these people deserve our respect? It is precisely because of the existence of these masters that there will be a "Greek miracle." From the stories of these great scientists, I feel more about the enthusiasm and persistence of these ancient Greek scientists and philosophers in exploring truth, which is a soul-shaking experience.
With the passage of time, the author's poem "But nature is smiling-Sphinx-style smiling face". Looking at the unhappy philosophers and sages, she waited patiently for a while-their plans vanished. Leading us into the "long night" in the history of European science and technology-medieval European science. The scientific civilization in Europe fell from the glorious peak of ancient Greece to the Millennium-long trough, until after the Renaissance scientific revolution, a group of "enthusiasts with relatively humble status" appeared, and the history of science and technology in Europe entered the "Newton era". Then came a group of enthusiastic people, with a relatively humble position. They don't have any complete plan, but are content to play the role of a walk-on, just observing, imagining and testing. "Described scientists in this climax through experiments to study the natural situation.
After the scientific revolution, natural science was liberated from the imprisonment of religious theology. Classical mechanics developed and matured first, forming an independent system. The establishment of the classical mechanical system was the result of the cooperation of a group of scientists at that time, Qi Xin. Newton once said, "If I see farther than others, it is because I stand on the shoulders of giants." Galileo, Kepler, Huygens, Descartes, Hooke, Harley, etc. He is a giant in Newton's mouth and the pioneer and founder of classical mechanics.
Galileo, father of modern mechanics. Italy is a famous mathematician, physicist, astronomer, scientist and philosopher, and a pioneer of modern experimental science. He has made great contributions to mechanics, astronomy and philosophy. Einstein once commented on his achievements in mechanics: "Galileo's discovery and his scientific reasoning method are one of the greatest achievements in the history of human thought, marking the real beginning of physics."
Kepler, a famous German astrophysicist, put forward the famous three laws of planetary motion. After Copernicus, he was the first person to stand up and defend the sun-centered theory and made a breakthrough in astronomy. He was called "the legislator in heaven" by later historians of science.
Huygens, a Dutch physicist, astronomer and mathematician, is an important pioneer in physics between Galileo and Newton and one of the most famous physicists in history. He made outstanding contributions to the development of mechanics and the study of optics, and also made outstanding achievements in mathematics and astronomy. He was an important pioneer of modern natural science. He established the law of centripetal force, put forward the principle of conservation of momentum and improved the timer.
Descartes-a great philosopher, physicist, mathematician and physiologist, the founder of analytic geometry and one of the founders of modern western bourgeois philosophy. His philosophy and mathematical thoughts have had a far-reaching impact on history. People carved a sentence on his tombstone: "Descartes, the first person who fought for and guaranteed rational rights for mankind since the European Renaissance."
Hooke has made great achievements in mechanics, optics, astronomy and many other aspects. The scientific instruments he designed and invented were unparalleled at that time, and he was known as the "eyes and hands" of the Royal Society.
Harry-English astronomer and mathematician. The self-motion of Sirius, Nanhesan and arcturus and the long-term acceleration of the moon were discovered.
/kloc-In the late 7th century, the classical mechanical system was founded, which was the first climax of modern science. Since then, natural science has entered a relatively "low season" and a process of "knowledge accumulation". It was not until the19th century that natural science began to flourish in an all-round way. "Since then, in the chaos, fragments of crossword puzzles have gradually emerged; People find out the temper of nature, obey nature and control nature. " It is the author's summary of19th century, which is called "the century of science". It was during this period that modern chemistry began to transition to modern chemistry; The old concept of "electromagnetism is old and dead" has been broken, and the great development of electromagnetism has begun; Darwin's theory of evolution, one of the greatest theories in the history of science, was born. The popular theory of heat for nearly a century was overthrown, people realized the essence of heat-a form of material movement, discovered the three laws of thermodynamics, and established the idea of energy conservation and transformation. In fact, people call the19th century "the century of science", not only because all disciplines of natural science developed in an all-round way in the19th century, but also because science and technology had a great impact on society and became the main force to promote social development. Two technological revolutions have made the role of science and technology in society rise. The great development of production and scientific and technological knowledge research has changed the material life and spiritual life of mankind and promoted the progress of the whole human civilization.
19th century later, the author of Einstein Times used "changing patterns to flash in the distance; But its scene is constantly changing, but it does not reveal the details of the fragment, nor does it reveal the meaning of the crossword puzzle. " A few poems to describe. The author tells the world through poetry that the fundamental concepts of science are actually some abstract concepts formed in our hearts, aiming at leading order and simplicity to a seemingly chaotic phenomenon. Therefore, through science to reality, we can only get several different aspects of reality, and we can only get pictures drawn with simplified lines, but not the reality itself.
"Nature is smiling-she still hasn't revealed her inner secret; She incredibly protects the mystery of the Sphinx. " Perhaps what the author wants to express is the mysterious worship of natural science; A beautiful place for human exploration and discovery; Science is endless, and it is always possible that what you prove at one moment will lose its meaning at the next. The exploration of natural science has a long way to go.
References:
The Story of Science Lin China Archives Publishing House
History of science and its relationship with philosophy and religion: Dampier Commercial Press.