So, the question is, where did these RNA go after translation?
RNA is a single-stranded molecule, which is extremely unstable and easy to degrade. In all known species, RNA degradation is a ubiquitous life activity. After RNA loses its use value, cells will degrade it. In view of the important role of RNA molecules in the process of life, its dynamic balance (synthesis and degradation) in cells is strictly regulated.
Who degraded RNA?
There are many kinds of enzymes and cofactors involved in RNA processing and degradation, and most of them are multifunctional. This means that there may be some monomer enzymes with dual functions, which can not only process specific RNA precursors accurately, but also degrade other RNA nonspecific. This enzyme with functional diversity is called ribonuclease. Intracellular RNA degrading enzymes are mainly divided into three categories: endonucleases that cut from the inside, 5' exonuclease and 3' exonuclease that hydrolyze from the 5' end and 3' end respectively.
So, for microbial bacteria, how do RNA in their bodies degrade and remain stable?
Duang, Duang, Duang, it depends on three magic weapons!
RNA degradation products are the main RNA degradation machines of bacteria, which affect the half-life of most transcripts. RNA degradation product is a multi-subunit protein complex, which is mainly composed of RNA helicase, PNP enzyme, RNase E, enolase and phosphofructokinase in glycolytic pathway. It is involved in the processing of rRNA and the degradation of mRNA. The formation of this multi-enzyme complex is beneficial to realize the high efficiency and controllability of the degradation process.
RNA molecular chaperone Hfq protein is an auxiliary factor, which can be used as a molecular chaperone to promote the interaction between RNA and RNA protein, thus regulating the degradation of various RNA. Hfq complex is necessary for a large number of regulation of sRNA function.
Non-coding RNA with regulatory function in bacteria, also known as small RNA(sRNA), is about 50~500 nt long, and multiple stem loops are formed by base complementary pairing of its local sequence. At present, most of the identified sRNA in bacteria can independently change the forward or reverse translation of target RNA. Different sRNA interact functionally and can be activated and degraded by poly(A).
Fig. 2 the role of hfq protein in base complementary pairing of sRNA-mRNA mediated by (arn) x.
(Research progress of Huang Yi and other related elements of bacterial RNA stability regulation)
Yan, a researcher from Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, wrote a review article entitled "Research Progress of Components Related to the Regulation of Bacterial RNA Stability", which summarized the latest progress of functional components related to the regulation of bacterial RNA stability, especially degrading protein and RNA molecular chaperone Hfq, in order to provide theoretical reference for the study of bacterial RNA stability and its metabolic regulation. This paper was published in Volume 8, No.5, 20 18.