1. Attention problem: inattention is one of the core manifestations of autism, and it is also the most troublesome problem in rehabilitation training. People often think that "however, before she started coming to us, we had called for a thousand times and urged for a thousand times", but the children were "talking about him from the left and right". After many times of hard training and study, they are not on the same channel.
2, dare not look at each other: Another common feature of autism is to look at the problem, avoid the line of sight, eyes do not look at people, the most important feature is that eyes do not look at people, not looking at people is a psychological manifestation of insecurity.
3. Communication problem: the lack of language communication and interpersonal communication is a very vivid interpretation of the symptoms of this disease. Because all rehabilitation programs or intervention training are inseparable from language communication.
4. Aggressive behavior: Many people are afraid of autistic children because they think all autistic children are aggressive. At the same time, coupled with some autistic children with poor behavior norms, they may be aggressive.
5. Sensitive behavior: From the behavioral performance and psychological fluctuation of autistic children, they are sensitive and fragile, and are easily angered or cause emotional disorders. Many children are full of twists and turns during training, and it is difficult to predict what abnormal situation will happen to them in the next second.
6. Understanding differences: Autistic children are called children from the stars because their thinking and understanding have nothing to do with ordinary people. Therefore, in the eyes of most people, they are misunderstood as autistic children with poor understanding and lack of motivation in social interaction.
Autism has always been a hot topic in film and television. However, the public can rarely really approach these autistic children from the perspective of popular science. On the contrary, those extremely special autistic children are infinitely magnified because of some specialties, which makes people feel that autism is a genius, and perhaps they can walk out of a road of rehabilitation from the cultivation of specialties. In addition to these misleading, what other misunderstandings need attention?
For every autistic child, every parent will go through the process from shock, doubt and pain to acceptance and recognition. Although this process is very painful, we must calm down, because parents and family are the backing of children's recovery!
The road to rehabilitation of autism is extremely difficult, and no one dares to take it lightly. Many professionals believe that the road to rehabilitation of autism is to improve family happiness index, increase survival skills, integrate education in multiple dimensions, and finally return to society.
For example, a child with mild autism can enter a kindergarten, adapt to the collective life from discovery to intervention and training, and finally recover his language communication ability. When he reaches the school age, he can enter an ordinary school to receive general education.
However, the road for children with severe autism is more difficult. Parents should not be too pessimistic and disappointed or expect miracles. They must make plans as early as possible, with realistic goals and expectations in mind. For children with severe autism, the goal should be lower, focusing on self-care, cultivating daily behavior norms, choosing training institutions suitable for children, and doing a good job of not forcibly intervening in formal general education.
Autism can be divided into light and heavy, and severe autism is still difficult to directly integrate into mainstream schools. Autism below moderate level must be trained and rehabilitated before entering school, especially sitting still and listening to instructions. Many rehabilitation institutions have group training, especially for children in preschool classes for one year. It is beneficial for them to take part in a lot of activities in the whole group. Autism is mainly due to the development disorder of the great nervous system, which leads to the retardation of various functions. For this kind of children, the most effective way is to do a lot of synaesthesia exercises and achieve the balance of proprioception by stimulating the vestibule. In a large number of exercises, the child's development increases, and the big nervous system disorder slowly disappears, which makes the child recover.
Integration is the bridge and link between isolated education and the whole unified classroom! If we simply let autistic children and ordinary children together, progress will be slow for autistic children! Integration needs social integration, environmental integration and teacher integration. There should be not only training classrooms, but also comprehensive classrooms on campus! According to different autistic children, arrange training integration plan! At the same time, integration needs the support of professionals. According to the different autistic children, we should arrange a teaching plan to cultivate integration, explore the interests of autistic children, help and reduce the obstacles of autistic children, and strive to make autistic children become socially valuable people in the future! This is the real purpose of integrated education!
First, to master the physical and mental characteristics of autistic children? (1) What are the interpersonal characteristics of autistic children?
Interpersonal communication obstacles of autistic patients include inattention, avoiding interaction with others, lack of basic social coping skills, inability to correctly express understanding and reaction to others' emotions, lack of ability to participate in cooperative group games, and weak attachment to parents. ?
(2) What are the characteristics of speech communication of autistic children?
About what? 50% of autistic children have no communication language. It is difficult to understand other people's spoken language, body language or express themselves through words, gestures and expressions, and the quality and quantity of language use are far behind that of normal children. What communication barriers do autistic children have? Proficient in grammatical structure, answering words or parroting, pronoun inversion, not using abstract nouns, figurative words, simple tone, lack of tone and rhythm changes, lack of emotional expression, small coordination of actions, and people who can't understand and remember their conversations are not interested in the details of their conversations. Therefore, it is difficult for autistic children to communicate with their peers in language, or their peers cannot understand what autistic children want to express, which makes autistic children less popular in group life. ?
(3) Behavioral characteristics of autistic children?
Rigid and fixed behavior is a common feature of autistic patients. Children with autism often have ritual behaviors in their daily lives. In addition, the lack of functional and symbolic games is also one of the characteristics of autism. Children with autism often do not operate according to the functional nature of toys, but have a preference for certain toys and play inappropriately. If you bite with your mouth, touch a special material with your hands, or only pay attention to certain angles or movements, people will think it is squint. Autistic children lack imaginative, functional, changeable and interactive game forms for ordinary children because of the fixation and perceptual defects of their game modes. ?
In addition to the above behavioral characteristics of autism, autistic children often have too much activity, too little activity, inattention, lack of initiative, special fear or love for something, lose their temper, and even attack or hurt themselves when they don't meet their requirements. These behaviors only appear in a few autistic children, but when these behaviors appear, they pose a profound challenge to the class teacher in class management and greatly hinder the integration of autistic children into ordinary classes. ?
(4) Intelligence and learning characteristics of autistic children?
Because of the abnormal neuropsychological function, autistic children have the following characteristics in learning adaptation: 1, and the cognitive ability is unbalanced: more than 70% of autistic children are accompanied by mental retardation, and their memory ability is better than understanding and imagination. 2. Excessive selective attention: They are weak or unresponsive to most stimuli, and it is difficult to establish a good interactive relationship with people. Faced with this kind of distraction, it is not easy to last, so it is only effective to attract students' attention before teaching. 3. Narrow field of vision: The over-selection of stimuli by autistic patients is influenced by the spatial distance relationship between cognitive things. People with autism should pay more attention to the relationship between vocabulary and words. The closer the meaning is, the better the learning effect will be. 4. Classification: The difficulty in classification is one of the biggest problems in autism teaching. If autistic people can teach their academic, social, leisure and work skills in practical and life-oriented situations, they will get better learning results. ?
According to the physical and mental characteristics of autistic children, some targeted measures are taken in the class to make them truly integrate into the group. ?
Second, the strategy of integrating autistic children into the collective?
(1) Sincerely accept it?
First of all, teachers should adjust their mentality, treat autistic children in regular classes sincerely, and should not have any prejudice against such children, let alone dislike them. It is even more necessary for teachers to deeply understand the behavioral characteristics of such children, or to read relevant books, to be psychologically prepared to accept autistic children, and to be mentally prepared to integrate autistic children into class groups. ?
Secondly, let the students in the autistic children's class really accept it. Autism is a new disease recognized by people in recent years. If students in the class want to accept autistic children, they should strengthen the publicity of autism knowledge, explain the knowledge about autism and the characteristics of autistic children to ordinary students, let them accept autistic children and help them, and ensure the smooth development of integrated education. ?
(2) Love and help?
Because the primary school students in ordinary schools are still relatively young, they still don't know about autistic children. When autistic children have emotional or behavioral problems, students will laugh at and satirize autistic children, and some radical words and deeds will cause more emotional and behavioral problems for autistic children. It is necessary to strengthen the education of love for ordinary children, so that students can learn to care for those who are weaker than themselves from an early age and lend a helping hand to students in need. We should not hate autistic children, not ignore them, but help them with our love. At the same time, it is necessary to establish a good sense of responsibility and good personality of ordinary children, and form a friendly group of mutual help and love in classes and schools, so that autistic children can better adapt to life and study in ordinary schools. Teachers should also put more love into autistic children. For example, autistic children's week was rewarded with an apple sticker in class to encourage him. After he got it, he immediately put it in his mouth and said loudly, "It's not delicious!" " The classmates made fun of him for this. I conducted an education on this matter in my class, so that students can understand that because of the special behavior of autistic children, we, as his classmates, should help rather than laugh. Since then, students have changed their attitudes, especially in an off-campus internship, when they invited him to join their own group, they gave their own food to Zhou for a picnic, and they also enthusiastically taught weekend barbecues. ?
(3) patient guidance?
It is difficult for autistic children to communicate with their peers, or their peers can't understand what autistic children want to express, which makes autistic children less popular in group life. Therefore, it is easy to have contradictions and conflicts with classmates. In this case, teachers should be patient and teach autistic children to restrain their behavior bit by bit from a small place. However, due to the limited understanding ability of autistic children, they often need our guidance many times before they can change slowly. For example, autistic children like to wipe saliva on other students' desks and sometimes on other students' stationery. I have to tell him many times: this is not good, others will not like you. Sometimes when I see him doing this, I will hint that he will stop. After several times, he would sit up straight as soon as he saw my stop gesture. ?
(4) careful education?
Integrated education is an environment and educational method specially designed for children with different characteristics to learn.
The general classroom of integrated education is different from the general classroom. Nowadays, the integrated education advocated in many places is based on this. Group study, adapt to the characteristics of children and the assistance of parents.