Besides the traditional teaching method, discussion method and quasi-intuitive teaching method, we should also attach importance to unit teaching method and discovery teaching method. For example, those who study drama can form a special topic and discuss it in connection with China traditional opera. The following is a model essay shared by J.L. on teaching foreign literature and cultivating philosophical thinking.
Foreign literature teaching is an important way to realize the cultivation of critical thinking ability and the development of philosophical consciousness of contemporary college students. Only by straightening out the correlation and unity between foreign literature teaching and the cultivation of western philosophical thinking methods, combined with appropriate teaching methods and teaching concepts, the cultivation of philosophical thinking will surely become the growing point of foreign literature teaching content and a new perspective of foreign literature teaching.
Literature teaching; Philosophical thinking; Speculative method
First, the relationship between philosophy and literature
Literature and philosophy are two different ideologies, the former is artistic and aesthetic, so it is concrete visualization; The latter is speculative, logical and inferential, so it has abstract theoretical color. Both of them embody the unity of particularity and universality in different ways. In literature, universality is revealed through particularity; On the contrary, in philosophy, particularity is revealed through universality. We also admit that literature and philosophy are both in the social and cultural system, and they are closely related. On the relationship between literature and philosophy, relevance theory? It is believed that philosophy is the ideological background of literature, and its complete thinking system can satisfy human curiosity about knowledge, and at the same time, it can make people and the universe cooperate with each other. Because people can know what is true, good and beautiful, people can arrange their own lives, adapt to their own living environment and their own hearts. In this case, writers are obviously influenced by philosophy when they devote themselves to reflecting life, describing life, putting forward ideals and expressing emotional thoughts. Secondly, philosophy can be used as a tool of literary criticism. Because literary works are expressed in language, and the food expressed in language has clues and ways to explore, and it has its own internal logic, not a mess. Therefore, philosophy can analyze the meaning and value of literary works from an external perspective (Wu Ximin, 1994).
Second, the paradigm of cultivating philosophical thinking in foreign literature.
(A) the cultivation of critical thinking and innovative thinking. In the west, most scholars believe that critical thinking is a comprehensive thinking ability, even rising to a more comprehensive humanistic spirit, which requires a rational critical thinker to have many personality traits, such as curiosity, openness, systematicness, analysis, exploration, criticism, self-confidence and maturity. It cultivates the critical spirit with innovative consciousness. In the teaching of foreign literature, teachers can contact the western cultural and literary background, and combine the evaluation of the image of exploratory literature and the creative criticism of literary works by the recipients in previous dynasties to consciously make students realize that cultivating critical thinking ability is directly related to improving innovative thinking ability. Critical thinking can improve a person's ability to ask and answer questions, and it can also become a liberating force to realize continuous innovation in constant criticism.
(2) The cultivation of philosophical dialectical thinking. Philosophical dialectical thinking has the characteristics of comprehensive connection and systematic integrity. How to understand the complicated literary phenomena and their development in foreign literature? Making an accurate judgment on the prospect is an important link to cultivate students' innovative ability. For example, we only explain expressionism, psychoanalysis and so on. Generally speaking, but we don't analyze the emergence of these theories. If we can't treat the cause and effect of these theories dialectically, this knowledge will be shelved, and it will not rise to the level of law, and it will not stimulate students' innovative thinking. Therefore, in the teaching of foreign literature, we must inject dialectics, use dialectics to achieve mastery through a comprehensive study, and accurately analyze its positive and negative aspects.
(3) Divergent thinking training. The cultivation of divergent thinking is one aspect of the cultivation of innovative ability. Good at divergent thinking, leading to sudden whimsy, ahead of imagination, etc. , can inspire. Of course, divergent thinking is not imaginary, but based on a solid foundation. Any kind of imagination is carried out in a certain system. As far as foreign literature is concerned, it is one of the whole discipline system, just like other disciplines. Therefore, to cultivate students' divergent thinking in foreign literature teaching is to think about the surroundings from the level of foreign literature, or to diverge from the surroundings, from the inside out, from the outside in, and to collide with sparks in deep thinking. (Qian Ningning)
(4) the cultivation of philosophical thinking consciousness. Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, divides the thinking stage into pre-operational thinking, concrete operational thinking and formal operational thinking. The last two stages of thinking are concrete thinking and abstract thinking of images. Abstract logical thinking is divided into two forms, one is empirical thinking and the other is theoretical thinking. Empirical thinking and theoretical thinking are two different types of thinking. The former is formed by comparing the attributes and characteristics of things on the basis of ideas, which are mainly manifested in image memory and mechanical memory. The latter is to think by analyzing the relationship between various attributes or characteristics of things. It is a manifestation of theoretical thinking that college students can grasp the theme, mark the key points and compile an outline when remembering.
(5) the cultivation of seeking common ground while seeking differences. Seeking common ground thinking refers to finding similarities between two or more different things. In the teaching of foreign literature, students should be guided to grasp the uniqueness and individuality of things. What we ask students is to be able to see the similarities in differences and the differences in similarities. If we compare the literature of Britain, France and Germany in18th century, we will find their similarities and differences. Students can improve their philosophical thinking ability through observation, feeling, analysis and judgment.
Third, measures to cultivate philosophical thinking in foreign literature
(A) give full play to the role of teachers as role models and enhance students' philosophical thinking ability. We should realize that with the development of society, the definition of talent quality depends more and more on the level of thinking quality. In order to meet this requirement, foreign literature, as the main course, should find a more suitable position in the current talent training mode. The cultivation of students' creative thinking is inseparable from teachers' creative thinking, which puts forward higher requirements for teachers themselves, requiring teachers to impart not only knowledge, but also thinking methods. On the one hand, we should be able to integrate the latest achievements of our knowledge and the topics being debated in academic circles into the teaching content at any time; On the other hand, we should stand at the forefront of criticism and innovation to inspire students and develop their thinking. To make students doubt, challenge and explore, teachers themselves must first have the temperament of doubt, challenge and explore. In teaching practice, teachers should try to combine their own scientific research, adopt some angles and methods different from textbooks and authorities, or put forward some personal opinions on doubts and difficulties. The course of foreign literature itself is full of aesthetic pleasure, which will be more lively through teachers' critical and creative reading guidance.
(2) Establishing a relaxed democratic atmosphere and building up students' self-confidence is the premise of cultivating philosophical thinking ability. The atmosphere seems to be an invisible element, but it is actually contained in the interaction and activities between teachers and students, embodied in the material existence and spiritual existence of the classroom, which is completely perceived by teachers, students and observers, and is the key factor that can affect the effectiveness of classroom teaching activities. A positive, harmonious and democratic teaching atmosphere is the premise and guarantee of students' thinking activities. Specifically, the teaching effect can be improved by organizing group cooperative learning and setting favorable seats. Theoretically, Sartre Involving literary views? Mainly criticized? Art for art's sake? Aesthetic view of art. What should be paid attention to in the cultivation of theoretical thinking? Western centralism? It is feasible to interpret the application of foreign literary works with appropriate western literary theory, but it is easy to ignore the existence of oriental literary theory and even China literary theory over time. In foreign literature class, we should pay attention to learning China literature and culture, and the cultivation of oriental cultural accumulation is also the proper meaning in the title. In addition, arranging students to write reading notes or read abstracts is also a good way to cultivate theoretical thinking.
(3) Integrating the teaching content and constructing the philosophy teaching content system. The effectiveness of knowledge transfer is also closely related to the construction of knowledge system itself. Traditional foreign literature, with pure teaching content, takes history as a clue to introduce literary thoughts, works and writers in different periods in stages. This model is relatively fixed and lacks freshness. Whether the relevant contents of comparative literature can be properly incorporated into the teaching of foreign literature, especially the way of thinking of comparative literature. Secondly, in addition to teaching according to ideological trend, can we teach drama, novel and poetry according to literary types, hold drama performances, novel adaptations, poetry readings and other activities, open up a second classroom, stimulate students' interest in learning and activate their thinking?
(4) The combination of course teaching method and examination method. Besides the traditional teaching method, discussion method and quasi-intuitive teaching method, we should also attach importance to unit teaching method and discovery teaching method. For example, those who study drama can form a special topic and discuss it in connection with China traditional opera. By analogy, we can also construct national literature topics, such as American literature topics and English literature topics with a certain time span. At the same time, improve the examination module mode of literary philosophical thinking. Establish a multi-level assessment system, including memory, understanding and innovation. Among them, the innovation level mainly examines students' ability to observe, analyze new situations and solve new problems by using the knowledge they have mastered. Through this reform, students can not only attach importance to basic knowledge, but also analyze, compare and synthesize what they have learned, and pay more attention to the cultivation of practical ability and innovative spirit.
refer to
[1] Wu Ximin. Western literature and philosophy [J]. Journal of guangxi teachers education university, 1994, 02:26-32.
[2] Wang Fuyu. Dialectical thinking method. Journal of Beihang University (Social Science Edition),1999,67.
[3] Ying Long. On the Cultivation of Thinking in Foreign Literature Teaching for Chinese Majors [J]. China Guide to Innovation in Science and Education, 20 1 1, 28:117-19.
[4] Yu Chunli. Research on the cultivation of philosophical dialectical thinking ability in Chinese reading teaching in senior high school [D]. Changchun Normal University, 20 12.
[5] Chen Jing. Cultivation of critical thinking and innovative educational practice in foreign literature teaching [J]. Jiangxi Social Sciences, 2003,1:189-190.
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