(1) Lin Chong, a typical figure, typically reflects the social reality of "officials forcing the people to rebel" and shows the whole process of Liangshan hero's "forcing Liangshan". The Water Margin describes the peasant uprising. The leading members are not only peasants, but also rebels in all aspects, including the rebels of the ruling class. Lin Chong said that he was a figure who split from the ruling class and defected to the peasant ranks. He is the head coach of the 800,000 imperial army. The most important characteristics of his character are his patience, obedience, humiliation and resistance. The identity and demeanor reflected in his appearance show that he is a very important figure, and then he is introduced to have a beautiful young wife who lives a very happy life, which is quite different from Lu who has no family and "goes naked and has no worries". As soon as Lin Chong appeared, the author put him in a sharp and fierce conflict to show his ideological character. He and his wife went to Yue Temple to burn incense. While he was playing with his mord, his wife was molested by Gao Qiu's adopted son. An officer's wife was molested in broad daylight, which is a great shame and absolutely intolerable. However, when he learned that it was going to hit that person, he realized that it was not someone else. It turned out to be "Gao Yanei, relying on her powerful position in Tokyo, devoted herself to dirty people's wives and daughters". At this time, the book wrote: "At that time, Lin Chong pulled over, but he thought he was in charge of Gao Yanei, so he softened first." The so-called "official" is directly under the superior, and the words "be soft first and then be firm" are not simple descriptions of the characters' demeanor and movements, but tap Lin Chong's inner world. When he brought twenty or thirty people to help him tear it, Lin Chong chatted with Jane. Lin Chong said, "It turned out to be Gao Taiwei's official's son, who is in charge of this headquarters. I don't know Jingfu ... Since ancient times, I have been afraid of officials, but I am afraid of management. Lin Chong doesn't like his invitation, so let him eat it once. " Lu said to him, "You're afraid he's in charge of Qiu, and the inn is afraid of him! If I meet that bird, I will teach it to eat 300 Zen sticks in the restaurant. " Please see: one is ashamed of things, and the other is jealous of evil; A person can tolerate persecution of himself, but can't tolerate persecution of others. The sharp contrast between the two personalities highlights the typicality of the characters. The dark social forces that Lin Chong felt very dissatisfied kept pressing on him, which made him want to be peaceful but not peaceful, and he couldn't bear it if he wanted to. Desperate, he finally rebelled and went to Liangshan. Among the heroes of the Water Margin, many people take the road of Lin Chong. This is a society where right and wrong are reversed. Lin Chong's experience is a typical representative of the leader's uprising against the peasants. In that persecuted society, Lin Chong, who was once weak, was forced to be strong and resist. In shaping the typical image of Lin Chong, the author highlights Lin Chong's character from resignation to total resistance, and shows the formation and development of his character with his own experience, which has a major feature of the description of characters in Water Margin. (2) Song Wu Zhang Henshui, a life-oriented figure, commented on Song Wu like this: "There are superhuman ambitions and no superhuman talents; With extraordinary talent, it is not a big deal, not enough to succeed. Why it is not enough to show one's ambition, and it is not enough to display one's talents. If you are a Song Wuren, you will have almost no regrets on these three points. " "There are some people in the world who can be dutiful sons at home and good citizens at home, so that studying will be true Confucianism, learning Buddhism will be monks, and being an official will be pure officials." (2) Zhang Henshui's viewpoint represents most people's views on Song Wu. They almost regard Song Wu as a legendary hero, and we think that from the author's description of Song Wu, Song Wu is actually portrayed as a life hero by the author. It should be said that the fundamental reason why Song Wu is deeply loved by people lies in the author's life-like description of Song Wu. Life-oriented description is essentially a realistic technique, which puts characters in different living environments and expresses their own character with their own actions. The author used life-oriented description techniques many times in Water Margin, and Song Wu was one of the most successful figures. As a living hero, Song Wu has both advantages and disadvantages. When describing this character, the author firmly grasped the ups and downs of his strengths and weaknesses, and let people know Song Wu in the process of this change. Song Wu killed the tiger with his bare hands in Jingyang, which won him a deep reputation and the position of the Lord. Wu Dalang was poisoned by Ximen Qing and Pan Jinlian when he was on a business trip to deliver tax money. When he was not allowed to go to the county government, he borrowed Xie Lin's wine to get a true confession, and Pan Jinlian personally killed Ximen Qing. Then surrender to the court and leave Mengzhou. During this period, Song Wu was a law-abiding and good citizen, occasionally a little vain, but his courage and strength will always be engraved in the readers' hearts. In Mengzhou, Song Wu helped his kindness recapture the happy forest occupied by Jiang Menshen, thus offending Jiang Menshen. Jiang Menshen's backstage supervisor Zhang Dujian and Zhang Yong designed him as a thief. Song Wu was brave at this time, but after all, he was flattering. His indiscriminate kindness made people feel that Song Wu seemed to be unable to distinguish right from wrong. However, the lesson of blood made him mature, and his resentment turned into a thrilling resistance. He made a scene in Feiyunpu, and his blood spilled on Yuanyang Building, killing more than a dozen people such as Jiang and Zhang. He dipped in blood and wrote on the wall: "Kill the tiger!" Life made Song Wu realize the real society. Instead of surrendering to the government, he went to Erlong Mountain first, and then returned to Liangshanbo to join the armed resistance. Song Wu changed his life actively or passively, and was also changed by life. Only by grasping this point can the author shape the glorious image of Song Wu more profoundly. Song Wu was brave and firm in the battle against the government's encirclement and suppression, and he was one of the main generals of the rebel army. He appealed to Song Jiang, accusing him of "appealing today, appealing tomorrow". Cold brothers' hearts! "Later, when he was recruiting Fang La, Bao cut off his right arm. He was not banned and became a monk at Liuhe Temple in Hangzhou. This is Song Wu, who was aboveboard, enterprising, full of sense of justice and rebellious spirit all his life. Although he was used by others, he finally woke up from the cruel reality, lost himself, overcame his weaknesses step by step, and gradually matured. This is due to the author's vivid description of Song Wu. Personally, I think Song Wu is the most successful figure in Water Margin, because he is a character full of life. In my opinion, only people who have the breath of life can live in people's hearts forever. (III) Individualized Characters Yang Zhi It should be said that the author Shi Naian outlined a lot of personalities in Water Margin, and there should be more than one personality, which is indeed the case. Shi Naian is good at grasping the human nature of characters, which is also one of the arts of character description in Water Margin. Here I will take Yang Zhi as an example to illustrate this point. For Yang Zhi, Mr. Mao Dun also had a wonderful comment: "Yang Zhi lost his official position because of the fall of Hua Shigang, but he could not be reinstated. He was poor and sold knives, accidentally killed a rascal, and filled in the crime. Unexpectedly, there was another village, and she became an official under Liang Zhongshu's door. Finally, she was forced to flee to the rivers and lakes because of the fall of her birth class. " "Yang Zhi wants to be an official and want to' get a seal'." Mr. Mao Dun's evaluation of Yang Zhi should be both love and hate. In fact, almost everyone has different views on a character like Yang Zhi. Shi Naian's description of heroes in Water Margin is praised by later generations, which is mainly attributed to his grasp of characters such as Yang Zhi and Shi Naian's grasp of his "official fan" character. Only by grasping personality can we create full and vivid characters. Starting from Yang Zhi's "official fan" personality, Shi Naian left us with personalized language, personalized actions and personalized attitude towards life. In language, we can see a sentence that Yang Zhi said after killing the ruffian Niu Er: "It's not a matter of rank. If you kill this ruffian with your stick, you can use your stick to find the government." Although he is down and out selling knives, his awe-inspiring good temperament can still be shown. No wonder he always calls himself "three generations of queens". There is no doubt that he has the demeanor of a leader, and he is bold and resolute. What Yang Zhi has done can better explain that he is an "official fan". Yang Zhi used to be an official in the temple system. He ran away from home because he lost Hua Shigang. After that, he received the property burden and returned to Beijing to seek reinstatement. When I passed Liangshan, I got into a fight with Lin, who was a "warlord". Wang Lun wanted to invite him up the mountain, but he refused to defile his "innocent surname" and join in. After arriving in Tokyo, due to Gao Qiu's obstruction, he ran out of property and was stabbed to death for selling a knife to kill a ruffian cow, which was appreciated by Liang Zhongshu. He tried his best to escort Liang Zhongshu's birthday program, but he was still defeated by Chao Gai and Wu Yong, although he was smart and insightful about Jianghu. After the robbery, he and he seized the temple, occupied Erlong Mountain and embarked on the road of resistance. When Sanshan Juyi fought Qingzhou, he proposed to unite the water margin, and then returned to Shui Bo, where he became the Eight Tiger Riding and Pioneer of Liangshan Ma Jun, ready to win over. After courting, he died on his way to Fang La. Yang Zhi's lifelong pursuit is to be an official. As an officer and empress, he is eager to make contributions in the border court, win honor for his ancestors and "ask for a shadow wife." All the changes in his life are based on this. I want to be an official when my surname is "innocent", but I still want to be an official when I become an outlaw. After joining the army, he still worked hard for Dasong until his death. Shi Naian's thought of grasping the key points of character and centering on character shaping. Yang Zhi is a successful example of these characters, and his success also proves the success of Shi Naian's personalized character description art (4) Song Jiang, a character with multiple personalities, has always been a controversial figure, and some scholars denied Shi Naian's writing ability because of the contradiction of Song Jiang's personality. I don't think so. Mr. Mao Dun once said: "The character of a character must be expressed through the character. In the process of conception, the arrangement of characters and things seems to be mature at the same time; But in fact, the story must be organized with the characters in mind first. If not, the work will inevitably (or even definitely) be conceptualized. " (4) I am convinced of this theory, and I also believe that Shi Naian must have all kinds of heroic images in his mind when he wrote Water Margin. As for Song Jiang, I think Shi Naian must have seen his contradiction and multiplicity. He wrote down this character with multiple personalities and contradictions for readers to read, talk about and comment on, which is another kind of genius. Shi Naian's Song Jiang is a character with multiple personalities. But in his life, we will often see contradictions in him. Shi Naian grasped this series of contradictions to describe the multiplicity of Song Jiang's character. The general reader thinks that Song Jiang is a man with both loyalty and righteousness. Quite a lot of pen and ink is also used in Water Margin to shape Song Jiang's loyalty. But in fact, when Song Jiang was a general cadre in the current county government, he deliberately spared the classical people who the government wanted to catch, continued to maintain good relations with those people, and even went to Liangshan. From these aspects alone, we can say that Song Jiang is very "loyal", but it is awkward to talk about Song. Moreover, after the release of Classical, Song Jiang seemed disloyal and didn't speak "national law", but when he was sent to Jiangzhou, Liangshan robbed him and wanted to let go of his shackles, but he said that he could not accept it. "This is the national law"; Jiangzhou Restaurant's anti-poem is even more "black and white, irrefutable evidence is like a mountain", "One day, Ling dares to laugh at Huang Chao's husband", and Song Huang Chao's rebellious mentality is vividly on the paper. When he went to Liangshan, he was bent on wooing me and said, "I'd rather lose my loyalty to the court." "Water Margin" wrote that Song Jiang was "generous in aiding needy people", which was very loyal. However, few poor families get Song Jiang's relief after reading the complete book. But many corrupt officials, local tyrants and evil gentry laughed at Song Jiang's big silver coin. When Tie Niu first met Song Jiang, he received a few silver coins, but it seems that Tie Niu has been in charge of them all his life. Song Jiang said several times that he wanted to take the iron cow's head, but the iron cow didn't jump down. He went down with two axes and was killed by Song Jiang. He was also willing. The above is precisely the contradiction of Song Jiang in Water Margin, which actually stems from the multiplicity of Song Jiang's personality. As a frustrated literati in feudal society, Song Jiang has something to say but nowhere to put it to use. He helps the weak and helps the poor, and is filial to his relatives and friends. This is the gentle and honest side of his character. He is loyal to the emperor, loyal to his loyalty. This is the orthodox side of his character. He works for everyone in the open and makes friends with Jianghu thieves in the dark. This is the hypocritical and cunning side of his character. He rallied against the country and wrote poems, which is the rebellious side of his character ... Shi Naian described Song Jiang like this.