Abstract is also called abstract and executive summary. It is a short essay, which concisely and accurately describes the important contents of the literature, with the purpose of providing an outline of the contents of the literature without comments or supplementary explanations. Its basic elements include research objectives, methods, results and conclusions. Specifically, it is the main object and scope of the research work, the means and methods adopted, the achievements and important conclusions obtained, and sometimes other important information with intelligence value. It should be self-evident and have the same amount of information as the literature, that is, you can get the necessary information without reading the full text. The abstract cannot be repeated, and it needs to be scrutinized word by word. The content must be complete, specific and clear. Although English is based on Chinese abstracts, we should consider the needs of readers who can't understand Chinese, and the substantive content can't be omitted.

Brief introduction of graduation thesis

Graduation study, according to a course, is the last link of undergraduate and postgraduate education in general secondary schools, junior colleges, universities and higher education self-study exams. In order to enable students of this major to concentrate on scientific research and training, students are required to make a summary, do independent homework and write papers before graduation.

Stylistically, it is also a meaningful paper for scientific research and exploration of practical or theoretical problems in a certain professional field. Usually arranged in the last academic year of study. Under the guidance of teachers, students should choose topics for research, write and submit papers. The purpose is to cultivate students' scientific research ability; Strengthen the training of comprehensively applying the learned knowledge, theory and skills to solve practical problems; On the whole, examine students' academic level.

The topic of the thesis is designated by the teacher or put forward by the students, and determined with the consent of the teacher. It should be a theoretical and practical problem raised in the development or practice of this major. Through this link, students should receive some preliminary training, such as selecting scientific research topics, consulting and commenting on documents, making research plans, designing scientific experiments or social surveys, processing data or sorting out survey results, analyzing and demonstrating results and drawing conclusions, writing papers, etc.

Graduation thesis is the last link for undergraduates majoring in higher education self-study examination to complete their undergraduate studies. It is a summative independent assignment of candidates, aiming at summarizing the achievements of this major and cultivating the ability of candidates to solve practical problems by comprehensively applying what they have learned. Stylistically, it is also a meaningful text for scientific research and exploration of practical or theoretical problems in a certain professional field. The writing of graduation thesis can be divided into two steps, namely, topic selection and research topic.