Keywords: ethnic minority areas; Colleges and universities; Architectural design specialty
First, the pertinence of the teaching of basic sketch course for architecture majors.
The purpose of setting up basic sketch course in architecture major is to cultivate students' imagination and design ability of the whole external physical structure space and internal physical structure space of the building, which requires setting up basic sketch course in the basic course of architecture major in colleges and universities. The function of sketch foundation is to improve the expressive ability and modeling ability. It is necessary to master a solid sketch foundation and artistic accomplishment, complete the actual drawing ability with creativity and imagination, and lay a good foundation for the subject of architectural design. However, the characteristics and requirements of the basic sketch course of architecture specialty and the professional art sketch course are different. The basic sketch course for architecture majors is generally offered in the first year of college, and the newly enrolled students have a weak understanding of modeling ability and performance ability. At the same time, the content of sketch teaching should focus on the characteristics of architecture specialty, train students to carry out basic sketch training, and make teaching plans from easy to difficult and from shallow to deep. First of all, the students majoring in architecture with five-year schooling don't know much about the professional knowledge required by the basic sketch of fine arts in the college. After solid basic training of modeling ability, guide and inspire teachers to master expression techniques and correct observation methods. It is required to learn the basic structure of gypsum geometry, cultivate and train students to see through objects, understand the proportion, shape and spatial structure of objects, including the training of light and dark sketch, the method of expressing the structural relationship between objects, cultivate students' imagination and abstract understanding ability of space sense, guide them from simple to complex, and finally understand the architectural entity space.
Second, the teaching content and methods of architectural basic sketch course
The basic course of sketch for architectural design majors focuses on structure sketch research and performance sketch. Starting from cultivating students' awareness of the space and modeling structure of the three-dimensional world, they can master the ability of morphological expression and spatial imagination, as well as the rigorous structural modeling and rich painting expression ability, so as to broaden their artistic horizons and improve the aesthetic interest of artistic accomplishment. Understand the basic elements and keen visual perception in painting such as modeling, color and composition, and express the basic characteristics of object modeling and the aesthetic psychological feelings of structural forms. In the course of architecture, in addition to learning basic sketch, we should also offer appreciation of related art works, stimulate imaginative thinking from external content and form, experience the visual sensibility of works, acquire the thinking construction ability of space, complete sketch modeling training, and lay a solid foundation for architectural design ability. Structure sketch training begins with geometry, with geometry as the main content, and studies the spatial perspective changes of geometric figures and the structural relationship of basic structures from different angles, so as to cultivate students' training methods for different artistic expressions such as perspective, light and shade, structure, abstract expression and image expression. In the form of expressive sketch: first, the sketch elements such as modeling and structure, space and perspective, body feeling and texture, light and shadow, light and shade. Decomposition, teaching and training in different categories. Second, the use of corresponding teaching AIDS in teaching can speed up students' acceptance and understanding. Third, after mastering the modeling foundation skillfully, observe and practice different expression methods and forms. Fourthly, in the teaching content, we should copy excellent sketch works, sketch on the spot, quickly master some sketch expressions and broaden our horizons.
Thirdly, the spatial relationship between tenon-mortise structure and Miao-Dong architecture in structure sketch.
Miao and Dong folk architects have refined and summarized the use methods of wood in their long-term practice, and built residential buildings with different styles, whose spatial structure has practical and aesthetic functions. Wood structure buildings have solid and practical forms, such as well trunk, bucket span and beam lifting. Mortise and tenon are the connection modes of the main frame structure of Miao and Dong architecture. Tenon means that the protruding fixed part is tenon, and tenon means that the recessed fixed part is tenon. Hundreds of columns and beams of different sizes are connected with each other through tenons and mortises, forming an internal and external space structure without nails and bolts, which is an important feature of its architectural style. Therefore, it provides a simple and natural aesthetic consciousness between the natural environment and the artificial environment of Miao and Dong architecture. From a practical point of view, the layout of internal and external structural space and the design of modeling and decoration are connected by column beam support and tenon and mortise, and the central rectangle of the beam is connected to many parts outside, and gravity is evenly distributed in the frame with columns as buildings. The gap between the upper and lower eaves plays a role in ventilation, which weakens the wind and enhances the balance and firmness of the whole structure. The combination of technical expression and aesthetics of Miao and Dong practical architecture proves that its architectural technology is the combination of architectural artistic beauty and technical beauty, which provides a good teaching example for architectural basic sketch teaching. Learn the modeling methods of Miao and Dong architecture or design the shape, structure, texture, sense of volume and spatial relationship, and study the three-dimensional sense, light and shade, color, sense of volume and spatial sense of objects in modeling training. The basic principle of perspective, which is commonly used in basic sketch teaching, has become an important course in sketch teaching by studying the structural form of expressing the three-dimensional sense, spatial perspective, image texture and quantity sense of architecture. Among them, structure sketch is the basic training method for modern architects to master modeling expression ability, design expression skills and creative thinking ability in professional design. The training content includes three basic elements: structure, perspective and line. The understanding of various materials and the application of different texture beauty in design are the research and expression of the spatial relationship of three-dimensional structure on the basis of structural modeling and light and dark modeling training. Copying can be regarded as a teaching course. Combining with the architectural appreciation of Miao Dong Village, this paper analyzes the modeling concept, composition, color tone, style, painting procedure, performance techniques, steps and characteristics of the works. Cultivate students' rich and flexible thinking consciousness and establish a closer and direct connection between basic sketch and architectural design.
Fourth, the significance of basic sketch to learning architecture
Architectural sketch is an important basic course of architectural design specialty, which constitutes a compulsory course of architectural modeling education and aesthetic quality education, and plays an important role in cultivating students' professional quality and ability. Basic sketch can cultivate students' accurate morphological observation ability, rigorous modeling ability, active spatial thinking ability and rich painting expression ability, broaden artistic horizons and increase artistic aesthetic quality. Learning sketch foundation for architectural design majors is a compulsory course to understand the three-dimensional world and architectural space modeling. Will involve the knowledge related to painting modeling to systematically learn basic painting, enhance keen visual perception, imagination, spatial thinking and expression ability, and express design concepts quickly. According to the social demand for the professional ability training of architectural design talents, it is pointed out that the cultivation of learning ability and professional skills and aesthetic taste of architectural design specialty plays a very important role in the teaching of basic sketch course.
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