In our common chemical production, most of the materials used are dangerous chemicals, especially in some chemical processes with high temperature and high pressure as reaction conditions, the reaction is fierce, which will release a lot of heat and easily lead to some safety accidents, such as fire, chemical material leakage, explosion and so on. Therefore, in chemical production, we need some measures to avoid safety accidents as much as possible. In this paper, we are interested in.
Keywords: chemical technology; Security issues; technological design
At present, many of our chemical process designs have safety problems in the production process. In the process design of chemical production, chemical process is the key factor affecting safety. Therefore, safety problems in production should be effectively controlled in chemical process design, and relevant policies must be strictly implemented in chemical process design and production. The possible safety problems in chemical process design should be effectively controlled and the chemical process design should be strictly controlled to ensure the rapid and stable development of chemical process design.
1, on chemical process design
1. 1 chemical process design catalogue
Chemical process design mainly includes three aspects: process flow, equipment layout and pipeline layout. First, the designer should have a certain understanding of the process flow, then calculate and draw the flow chart according to the process, then put forward the conditions needed by the equipment through the process calculation and flow chart, and then hand them over to the equipment professionals, and provide the relevant parameters needed by the design and the parameters of process control. This can be used as the basis for instrument selection of automatic control specialty, and then the preliminary layout of equipment is carried out according to the process flow chart, and finally the final pipeline layout is completed according to the equipment layout diagram of pipeline specialty.
1.2 characteristics of chemical process design
There are many kinds of chemical processes, and the specifications are quite different. In this case, the selection of equipment is very demanding, so the workload of chemical process design is very large, but the time cannot be delayed too much. This is also a feature of chemical process design. Generally speaking, the overall investment in the chemical process is very large, and the projects such as reaction devices and equipment systems are very complicated. The materials used in the chemical process are also very special. In order to put into production and use more quickly and occupy the market in a short time, the design of chemical process must have high working efficiency. In order to shorten the design cycle, many chemical enterprises mostly adopt the method of designing while producing. Although this method reduces the working cycle, it often ignores the safety problem, so many safety hazards are buried in all aspects of chemical production. Due to the different scale of chemical production, in order to reduce the cost of chemical process design, some designs and actual operations are not carried out in accordance with relevant regulations. Sometimes, in order to obtain the required engineering data, the scale of chemical process design will increase to a certain extent. The most important problem to be considered in chemical process design is safety. We should strictly identify and control the potential safety hazards at all stages in the normal production process, and make corresponding safety plans as far as possible to ensure the safety of chemical production.
2. Safety problems in chemical process design
2. 1 Safety of chemical reaction device
Chemical reaction is the core of chemical products. In chemical reaction, there will be all kinds of potential safety hazards, and safety accidents are prone to occur in the production process, especially in chemical reaction devices. There are many uncontrollable factors. In the design of reaction device, accurate calculation and strict analysis must be carried out. In the design of chemical process, the reaction rate of various reactants and the thermal effect produced in the process of chemical reaction should be considered. In order to accurately control the chemical reaction, in the process design, it is necessary to strictly control the feeding amount of each material and accurately control the reaction heat, which requires higher cooling capacity of the equipment. In controlling the reaction rate, we can design multi-stage reaction mode. However, in our actual production process, due to various reasons, the theoretical data can not be reached in the design, so the equipment will often be damaged in the production process. Chemical equipment is often deformed due to overpressure or overtemperature. If this problem cannot be solved in time, it is easy to cause safety accidents. In order to solve this problem, we should add appropriate pressure relief devices in the design of chemical equipment.
2.2 Equipment and pipeline safety issues
In the process of chemical production, the materials transported by pipeline are generally flammable, explosive and corrosive. If the pipeline leaks during transportation, toxic and harmful chemicals will be exposed to the natural environment, which is very harmful to the environment. This situation is also a great safety hazard to chemical production. If the components in chemical reaction can't react according to the designed proportion due to pipeline leakage, a series of unqualified products will easily appear, and even ultra-high temperature or even explosion will occur in some key reactions. In order to ensure the safety of the pipeline as much as possible, it is necessary to choose the appropriate pipe diameter and correct material for the pipeline materials, joints and elbows, and pay attention to these places where leakage is easy to occur. In these places, not only should materials be selected in a targeted manner, but also in the construction process, they should be strictly implemented in accordance with relevant regulations and must not cut corners. Moreover, in pipeline design, water hammer and gas-liquid storage should be increased to avoid pipeline safety hazards.
3. Measures to strengthen the safety control of chemical process design
3. 1 Strengthen the safety design of chemical process route
The continuity of chemical production is very strong, and the construction technology is also very complicated. Therefore, all production links of chemical production should be the best in terms of safety, and the possibility of danger should be minimized. Moreover, if there is a problem in one link, it is likely to affect the whole production line. In chemical process design, low-risk materials and reaction methods should be selected as much as possible, and when multiple schemes can be selected, they should be selected in the safest way and avoid high-risk routes as much as possible.
3.2 Selection of Chemical Process Reaction Device
In the process of chemical production, many types of chemical reactions, such as displacement reaction, substitution reaction, cracking, polymerization, oxidation, reduction, condensation reaction, etc. , are generally involved. Different reactions have different characteristics, so the materials should be selected in the design, and the tolerance of the container at high temperature and high pressure must be considered in the design. Therefore, the strength and stability of materials must be considered when designing the reaction device.
4. Concluding remarks
In the process of chemical production, some dangerous goods are often involved, and the reaction process of chemical production is mostly carried out under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, and pipeline transportation is also involved in the production process. If the pipeline has safety problems, it will have great hidden dangers to the whole production line. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the safety of the production line while ensuring the design of the production line to be fast, efficient and stable. Only faster and more stable development can create more benefits for enterprises.
References:
[1] Li, Dong Xihong. Analysis on the identification and control of potential safety hazards in chemical process design [J]. Heilongjiang Science and Technology Information, 20 10(09):23-27.
[2] Zhao Qiang. On the control of dangerous factors in chemical process design [J]. Chemical Management, 20 13(22): 18-26. Technology.
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