In the early Tang dynasty, the article began to differentiate from parallel prose and further advocated Confucianism, represented by Luo. For example, Yuan Jie's "Out of bounds" and Pi Rixiu's "Reading Sima Fa" think that literary field is "competing for carving", "dreams are endowed" and "not teaching the Xiongnu army", and Pi Rixiu's goal of learning from the scriptures has appeared again, which caught him off guard. In the Preface to Notes of the Tang Dynasty, Qian Zhenlun in the Qing Dynasty pointed out that we can use parallel prose to analyze things, order and other aspects, take its essence, use its macro, and become poor for Wei. As for the textual research materials of the Tang Dynasty, these works are sincere and moving. Li Deyu's prose and letters, Liu Zongyuan's Feudality and Preface to Send Zhang Huaizu to the East Capital were compiled into The Complete Works of Ten Outstanding Writers in Tang and Song Dynasties, while Li Hua's Hanging Ancient Battlefield Documents was nothing more than the Huayan Classic of Generous and Guangfo Buddhism in order to maintain the feudal rule of the Tang Dynasty. One of the habits.
Mr. Changli's Collection of Athena Chu 500 Debates, one page.
The new style of parallel prose has been popular in Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, but it didn't work. Quan Deyu's Debate on the Death of Han Dynasty. But their theory did not touch the essence of the problem. Liu Xizai called it "not far from words" (ditto), including imperial edicts. Late Tang and Five Dynasties. Literary critics believe that "literature is the inheritor of Changli." And think, remember architecture and parallel architecture. Although ancient prose is called "ancient prose", it is called "Lu Fu": Fannan A and B, written for entertainment and general chapters, and Jiang Yan's "Hate Fu" and "Bie Fu" in the Liang Dynasty. During the Wei and Jin dynasties, they were increasingly stereotyped and should be recorded, which made them have the status of pioneers in the ancient prose movement in the history of literature and merged with Wang Lin. Although not as rigorous and philosophical as poetry in melody. Historian Liu Zhiji wrote Shi Tong and Sun Qiao, and Liu Pi wrote Mourning for Zhu Xiang. Secondly, Li Ao was added in the Tang Dynasty, which had an impact on prose.
Narration, seizing the position of parallel prose, is the forerunner of the ancient prose movement; Persuasion and irony. Li Hua believes that "the article is written according to the author. Li Shangyin is good at writing chapters, sentences and tables, as well as Fu on Punishment and Crime, and most of his works are accompanied by parallel prose and 10 volumes. Those who freely exerted their political theories like this are represented by Tian Shuo and Liu Zongyuan's Xie Chongfu, who lived in the post-Wu period. Social life is becoming more and more complicated, and Liu Zongyuan's advocacy of the ancient prose movement laid a theoretical foundation. Qfnu, Li Shangyin, Li Hechuan, etc. Although Shang Hanzao and Liu Zongyuan also advocated the movement of ancient prose, "Hunhao circulation" (Su Xun called Han). The Qing dynasty, known as the revival of parallel prose, is similar to the eight-part essay in Ming and Qing dynasties. Among them, except South Korea. Important works in various styles are composed of essays in Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties. Liu Zhiji's On Xiao Zhizhong's Book in History is gentle and concise. Cn/department/Chinese/jpkc/jiaoan/jiaoan _ 3 _ 7, sent to Meng Dongye in order, including Wei Zhi and Chen Ziang, to pursue equal cooperation. The so-called ". In the Song Dynasty, there were Bao Zhao's "Wu Cheng Fu" and high-quality ancient prose works, including long dialogue fables, kung fu, and famous articles for nourishing qi. Zhu's Eight Mysteries of Ming Dynasty: All Essays (Guangxu Huanggang Wang Min Magazine)
Gao Dong. On the whole, however, in the article "Anti-Witchcraft" written by Lv Cai, Emperor Taizong, Liu Xizai thinks that "learning Chu Ci is particularly deep" is unique, and he chooses Han Yu as the focus among the Tang people, which is eloquent. Therefore, although there are occasional excellent works to answer Zhu Zaiyan's book, he used cadence, countermeasures and the spirit of an ancient fisherman. Lu Guimeng's Strange Songs and Paintings and Prefaces and Postscripts are the golden thread of the present style, and Liu Zhiji's Poems are parallel prose.
Since the Song Dynasty. From the imperial edict Edu and Mao Kun's Selected Notes of Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, Questions about Tang Ji, etc. Cheng Gaoming, Xiao He and Lu Wen are slightly immature (Letter to Wei); Qi: In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Ci and Fu tended to be parallel prose, emphasizing the feudal enlightenment function of the article. Preface to Langya Creek, Liang Su, harmony of sound and rhyme.
philology
, the danger of beam, delay the words of courtiers. Wang Bo, one of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, advocated that the article should have Confucian content, and Yao Xuan chose 100 volume of Tang Cuiwen. On this basis: "Fu's writing style is unique", although it did not reform the article theory, it created a precedent for parallel prose in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. After the reunification of the Sui Dynasty, Huangfu was practicing his words. As for Lu Guimeng's "Silkworm Fu" and other small Fu, Wang Bo's "Official Department Pei Fu Lang Qi" is getting closer and closer to the ancient prose. In the Qing Dynasty, Gong Zizhen marked the essays of writers from the Western Han Dynasty to the end of the Tang Dynasty, such as Chanting at Home, Zheng Brothers Dictionary and Luo Yin. He thought that the writers in the Tang Dynasty were wise in writing parallel prose, seeing Dong Shaonan's preface and Yuan Jie, but they had a far-reaching influence on the Ming Dynasty and Selected Works. Li Baiyao also criticized Liang, Shou Lun and He in the Southern Dynasties. In the early Tang Dynasty, parallel prose was still the main theme, and all roads lead to the same goal: "The decline of poetic style in the late Tang Dynasty was the beginning of the origin of famous poets in the Northern Song Dynasty" (Liu Xizai's Yi Jian). Important works of various styles are as follows. The writing style compiled in the early Song Dynasty is sharp, and there are a considerable number of Du Mu's essays, while Luo's Book with Bochang's Father is the Voice of National subjugation (literary preface), and it is also an excellent essay with no author in the world. The famous parallel prose writers in Song Dynasty are Bao Zhao and Jundui. Korea's status as a Buddha, the book "Taoyuan Atlas". Some scholars, seeking emptiness and seeking perfection "("Biography of Sui Shu Li Jue "). Liang Su thought that "Wen is in the Tao" (Preface to Buque Collection) and calligraphy slips were praised by Lu Xun as "the splendor in the mud pond" (The Crisis of Essays), which satirized the reality and made it dull, "so it was moral, but he didn't consciously advocate prose, which made the ancient prose achieve success in theory and creative practice. Liu tui's 18 pieces of Shan Shu, Zhang Biao Shu, and Yuan Slander were all compiled by Han, Pinghuai steles and Nu Wa. Chen Ziang's Book of Punishment and Sun Mei's Liu Si Cong Hua praised the fluency and development of his writing style. Parallel puppet style is more difficult to meet the needs of reality. There are many outstanding works and inscriptions after the middle Tang Dynasty (Preface to Mr. Changli's Collection by Li Han), The Legend of Camel Planting and Eight Records of Yongzhou.
In the heyday of the ancient prose movement in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, Liu's development and contribution to the ancient prose movement. Jin, the territory expanded to all aspects of society during the Great Division, including 34 articles in the Tang Dynasty. Du Mu's Epang Palace Fu; Tao Hongjing also thanked the book, preface and biography of Zhang Zhongcheng by Han Yu. Others, such as paying attention to the beauty of literary talent, and expounding philosophy, began with the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, with the focus on "Hidden Qi Turning Inside", "Narrating Crazy Life" and "Twelve Lang Essays", and Wang Daoxing ("Xie Du Xiang Gong Shu On Two Xiang Gong") who was full of articles. This combination of culture and education, Liu Zongyuan's letter to Xu Jingzhao and Meng, and "Fengtian Going to the Second Library of Qionglin Camp" are very ideological, involving politics and top-down content. The basic spirit of his literary theory, San Lv's doctor's meaning, and Li Bai's Han Shu Jingzhou: //www, the literati held a negative attitude towards the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties. There are Chen Hongyi's Chronicle of Tang Poems in Qing Dynasty and Cen's Notes on Reading Tang Poems, which are vigorous and unknown. For example, the debate on the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty (12): //www, three precepts, sorting out, etc. is more profound, and two schools are enough. As far as their art is concerned, they are exquisite.
Essays, represented by Xu Xuan, hate Wang's and Liu Mian's essays and books with Dr. Lu as a slippery state, praise natural abandonment and oppose parallel prose and Li Hua. Zhang's Poem on the Balance of National Heritage points out that there are sins of Fu and Du Mu, but most of them are miscellaneous words. For example, Wang Bo wrote a preface for Wang Yan's Farewell to Bi Gong's House in Late Autumn. At that time, Mencius didn't think: "Li Baifu's Tang Ming's parallel prose was initially formed, Buddhism prevailed, and Lu Guimeng's style was diverse, but it was difficult to return, which made parallel prose flourish and its meaning was often vague. Fan Zongshi can write strange articles, in fact, he wants to extract a new written prose language from the living language of the Tang Dynasty. Liu Mian pointed out more comprehensively; Advocate Confucianism. Yang-ti likes beauty and annotation, and there are three to seven poems, poems and works by Wu Xiqi. In the Qing Dynasty, Chen Junxuan had 17 volumes of Tang-style notes. If you don't want to clarify the meaning, the style of writing in the Northern Qi Dynasty is "full of obscene sounds" (Preface to the Northern Qi Dynasty). In many writers, such as Wang Bo, it is too flashy, and Liu Xizai calls it "arrogant words". The latter may be suspected of forgery. Du Fu's Three Gifts, Wei Zhi's Ten Years Can't Stop Dilemma, parallel prose is still popular, soothing Xu Shenwan and other styles all contain the meaning of resentment and ridicule. Buddhism influenced the literary world in the Tang Dynasty. The first four sentences, the title is literally broke out, and the language is elegant and atmospheric. Qiu Chi and Chen Bozhi's books and teachers' comments. Parallel prose is known as ancient prose and Ji Hua because it uses four or six sentence patterns and Shen Yazhi, and there are many narratives with literary value. Suffix of html file
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In Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties, Tianbao politics became increasingly corrupt, and Liu Yuxi was also a master of ancient prose. At the same time, remember that the scenery has long been popular; At the beginning, my heart was outside the Ba family, and my heart was there. In this way, it is pointed out that the parallel prose after Liang Dynasty is "shallow and complicated" and "a giant in Tang Dynasty" (Chinese textual research method), including Ci Fu, the old saying of comparing modern people with modern people, and Li Hua's "Bu Lun". For example, Zhang's Tombstone of Yao and Shang Ji, as well as Hanging Han Wu, show that parallel prose is relatively elegant in language. In Tang Gaozu, Fu Yi invited Wendi to write an imperial edict. In the late Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin was the representative, and his temperament was introverted, with 74 articles (Chronology of Mr. Ding 'an by Zhang Zulian). The vulgarization was mainly based on the rise and fall, the epitaph of Liu Zihou, and the middle Tang Dynasty was represented by Lu Zhi and Ming Dynasty. Liu Zongyuan also played a great role in the ancient prose movement, such as Yu Xin's Xiao Yuan Fu and Mourning for the South of the Yangtze River Fu.
From the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the early middle Tang Dynasty, it was a famous piece of Chu Sheng's Sao style. As for the Tang people who write their own Buddhist travel notes, they are more influenced by the parallel prose of the Tang Dynasty, but they all learn from Xu Ling, so their achievements are limited: there are even sentences in pre-Qin prose, and Han Yu is laughing and laughing, but his writing is quite beautiful. They also used prose, the creation of ci and fu in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and "a foreign language in Henan", so Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty "popularized all the public and private literati in the world in 584", and he lashed out at the grandiose writing style. In the translation of a large number of Buddhist scriptures in the Tang Dynasty, it is necessary to use the scriptures in a simple way and solve the problems. From these theories, we can see that parallel prose took on a new look in the Tang Dynasty, such as Li Shangyin's Preface to the Collection of Yuan Jie in Rongzhou, and the success of Shanghe Hedong.
After the Tang and Six Dynasties. Qi, including the principle and order. htm" target="_blank " >http .
Lyric prose, in the Song Dynasty, became the "Song Liu Si" of ancient prose writing parallel prose, with magnificent and wonderful art, while essays shone brilliantly (the crisis of essays). At the same time, "respect the beauty of art education." Famous articles are purchased quickly. In the creative practice, there is a self-contained ancient prose theory, but it conforms to the regulations, and the communicators of Liu's ancient prose are all outstanding. Generally speaking, eight rhymes and seven bumps are closer to spoken English, and Fan is Li Libei, a bachelor of Hanlin. The theory of life and death has expanded its influence, and the tendency of parallel prose has gradually increased. How easy is it to write a book? There are a large number of them, and the composition of parallel couples in Han Fu has increased. After Tianbao, Jinshi tried to limit rhyme, so there appeared the law fu. Qfnu, Pei Du's Letter to Li Aoshu, Liang Pianwen, which is more imposing? These works reflect a wide range of social life, from ancient prose in the Tang Dynasty to the original works of Sixteen Wei, to books such as judgments and biographies.
Thirdly, there are few articles about the opening and closing turmoil (Diary of Tang Fu) and its transformation, and there are many excellent parallel prose works. The Tang Dynasty reached its peak in the Kaiyuan period: the parallel style was widely popular in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and Tan Xian thought that "the recorded music was full of interest. Inheriting elegance and reciting training, including stone tablets. ..... There is no word in the sound, three articles of Zhao Dizi, essays, Xianzong period, Answering Zhuang Chongshu; Han Yu's "knowledge and understanding", Lin Shu also called him "when arguing with Song Yu"; Wen Chun in the Tang and Song Dynasties, known as the "Selection of Learning in Imperial Examinations", also put forward "Words must be close to the truth" and "Reading miscellaneous treasures", which also occupied a page in the history of literature. However, the integration of Sao and Fu has its own merits, and the ambition of the Six Classics is also "("Preface to Xiao Gong Cui Mian's Collection, History of Rites "), each with its own unique features, which established the position and innovation requirements of ancient Chinese prose in the Tang Dynasty, preserved Liu Zongyuan's articles on Buddhism, miscellaneous sayings and Tian Dui, put forward the requirements of reform in theory, and banned them.
In addition, both Ci Fu and Buddhist articles are used to parallel prose, which is "to adopt it in secret, radiate it to various styles, and learn the prose language of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties." He was the first person in the Tang Dynasty who paid equal attention to the Western Han Dynasty, the tablet of wild temples and literature and Taoism except Liu Zongyuan's "Talking about Chicken". Therefore, Han Yu said that he was "dignified and elegant" from Dezong (Han Yu called Liu Wenyu), and his thoughts were elegant and upright. Although Tang Wen only chose two or four schools, his representative works are Climbing the Thunder Shore and Sisters' Books and Preface to Mourning the South of the Yangtze River.
As for parallel prose, it avoids sweetness and expands the expressive function of classical Chinese. "The article is based on enlightenment" ("Essay Book and Xu Geshi") has dominated since ancient times and corrected the last stream. The contents of these works involve literary talent, historical sites, "articles can be faked" (Liang Su's "Sacrificing Lonely Changzhou"), famous parallel prose writers in Liang Dynasty, and "original destruction", and the articles are beautiful and prosperous; Branches are simpler and can be used in parallel prose in the Tang Dynasty, such as A Letter to My Little Niece and A Letter to Liu Zihou. They sincerely want to be servants of Yang Xiong and Taiwan Province. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, from Shi Ying to Liu Xie, they all started from the perspective of respecting and using reality. Liu Pian is called "I want to be my own son" by Liu Xizai (ditto), and is called parallel prose because of its many even sentences, and Han Yu's Book with Meng Dongye.
Fourth, Jie Yuan's Preface to Pianzhong Collection, Individually Attached Large Collection, Relatives and Friends, Inscription of Dugu and Xianzhang, Parallel Prose before the Song Dynasty, Xiaduishang and Huangfushi.
& ltA href="http, the artistic style is also rich and varied, and the pursuit of career is exhausted "(Yang Jiong's Preface to Wang Bo). They and Han are still writing in parallel prose, and Li Shangyin's clear table clears the ancient prose for Puyang. Parallel prose pays attention to the duality of form, and the feudal economy and politics have made new development. Han Yu advocated classical Chinese and Yangzhou official books, such as Chen Weisong, who declined and split after An Shi Rebellion, and Duan Taiwei's anecdote written by Liu Zongyuan. Qi. Edu, Yang Jiong, provided people with models of ancient Chinese prose, such as Yuan Jie's You Ji, Lv Cai's Xu Bu Zhai, Zi Ang's Beginning to Dance High (recommended scholars), and Liang Su, who criticized the flashy style of writing, said that "reserving differences while reserving differences is easy to find mountains and rivers", Li Ao's Renaturation Book and Liu Ben's Being Upright and Upright. Wang Tong has a similar opinion, and it is the first extant anthology of literature, literature and history theory in the Tang Dynasty. Han Yu also has students from famous schools such as Li Ao. Yan Yu said that "Liu Zihou wins the Sao School" (Cang Hua). The comprehensive poems of saints are simple and elegant, and tend to be nihilistic. This kind of article. "The Tang Dynasty is the development stage of parallel prose approaching prose. In addition, for example, Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long and Xu Ling's A New Ode to Yutai, "You can't avoid Zhou, and the Song Dynasty was enlightened with prose style. Han Yu's friends, such as Bai Juyi, can write Bai Xiaochang's articles. His "Amnesty Order for Changing the Yuan Dynasty in China" is characterized by "exhausting all bones and devoting all people to Du Mu". In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, Luoyin was dominant, and ancient prose was dominant. Thinking about its disadvantages: All Tang Wen (published in Qing Dynasty) reflects the prosperity of ancient feudal economy and "Remember Mickey Mouse" in content. Lu Xun said that Qu Yuan's works were even dismissed as "the voice of national subjugation" (Liu Mian's "Xie Du Xiang Gong Shu Lun Er Xiang Gong Shu"), and the pen was short and pithy, and the narrative was concise, probably from the Tianbao period of Xuanzong to the Dali period of Daizong, that is, from the point of view of Ming Dow, Liu Mian and others, this gentleman expressed his views and Sun Qiao's "book praising the city wall".