In the traditional composition with materials as the theme, the theme of the composition must be extracted and excavated directly from the materials, and the materials must be applied to writing. The theme of topic composition does not need to be refined from the materials, but is triggered by the topic. The function of materials is to clarify the topic and inspire students' writing ideas. As far as the material itself is concerned, it can be written or not.

For example, the material of 1995 college entrance examination composition is an allegorical poem entitled "Comment on Birds": "The sparrow says the swallow is a coward who is afraid of the cold/the swallow says the oriole/the apprentice has a beautiful costume/the oriole says the voice is beautiful/the motivation is impure/the lark says …", while the composition requires "choose your own angle, draw up your own topic and write one.

Literally, this material means "everyone exposes the shortcomings of others", so the views and angles that can be extracted from the material are nothing more than a few limited aspects such as "seeing the advantages of others", "don't obliterate the advantages" and "jealousy", and the rest are irrelevant.

In addition to a correct understanding of the material, actual writing must also be applied to the material according to the basic model of "citation-link-turning-knot", so that the written article can conform to the norms of material composition.

The composition of the college entrance examination in 2000 is a topic composition. Materials are the views of scholars on four kinds of graphics at an innovation conference. The material is accompanied by a caption: "Indeed, the world is ever-changing, with endless questions and colorful answers. There are many examples of how to look at, understand and solve problems in life. Do you have such experience, experience, insight and understanding? Then introduce the topic "The answers are colorful". The composition requires "as long as it is related to the topic, the style is not limited, and the topic is self-drawn". Compared with material composition, topic composition has undergone great changes in proposition form and requirements.

First of all, the material is no longer the basis for refining the theme of the composition, and the theme of the article needs to be triggered from the topic. The function of materials is to guide the topic, and it is an example and intuitive explanation of the topic. Combining the material with the text under it can often stimulate candidates' various associations and effectively inspire candidates' ideas. For example, in the college entrance examination in 2000, many candidates used the inspiration given by the materials to recall many similar cases in their lives and selectively wrote down these ideas, which naturally met the requirements of "topic-related".

Secondly, materials may or may not be used for patterning. For example, some candidates give special symbolic meanings to the four patterns involved in the materials in their actual compositions; Others skillfully transplanted the arguments about the four modes in the materials into the life scenes and used the original materials flexibly. It can be seen that topic composition is more flexible and creative in the use of materials, unlike material composition, which leads to arguments with materials as a wedge. Of course, most candidates do not use materials in their compositions, but only use materials as an important factor in understanding the topic. This idea is completely correct.

Secondly, the theme provides the scope of a theme.

In the past, the theme of the college entrance examination composition was generally fixed, either requiring candidates to extract the theme from the materials or directly proposing. The topic composition does not specify the theme clearly, but only requires the theme of the composition? Quot topic ",in fact, topic composition provides a range of topics.

We know that this topic is very extensive. However, how to correctly understand the connotation of the sentence "related to the topic" and make the theme of the article related to the topic?

We can generally trigger topics related to topics from the following six aspects:

(1) Evaluation: Evaluate the value of topics, such as "good" and "bad", "good" and "evil", and establish the central theme of the article by expressing one's position of "for" or "against", "for" or "for".

(2) How: What is the specific content of the topic? It can be narrated by vivid facts, and the connotation of the topic can also be demonstrated by concrete examples.

(3) Results: Based on the topic, consider what results will lead to.

(4) Time: past, present and future. It can be described in a specific time background or compared with the past and the present.

(5) Space: including fields, places and occasions. Often different spatial backgrounds will give different contents to the topic.

(6) Object: Starting from different people or things will lead to different interpretations of the topic.

According to these six categories, the scope of topics related to topics can be basically determined. Below, we combine the college entrance examination questions in the past three years to make an analysis:

According to the method illustrated above, students can effectively determine the scope of the topic, which not only avoids digression, but also understands what can be written, thus opening up their own ideas.

Third, what should I pay attention to when reviewing the questions?

1。 The focus of the examination should be on "topic elaboration", and we should not stick to the materials too much. Understanding and mastering this part of the text is more important than the research materials.

Explaining some texts can often help candidates better understand the topic and open their minds more effectively. If you pay too much attention to material things, your thinking will be restricted.

For example, the title of the college entrance examination in 2000 is "The answers are colorful", and the text in its elaboration part is: "It seems that the world is ever-changing due to different standards ... Indeed, questions are endless and the answers are colorful. There are many examples in life of how to look at problems, how to understand problems, how to solve problems and how to answer questions. " From this quotation, we can see:

First, the coverage is much wider than the material itself, and the intention of guiding candidates' thinking is obvious.

Secondly, as a hub connecting materials and topics, its interpretation of topics is both clear and rich. The meaning of "answer" may be "standard", "angle", "understanding" and "method", which avoids the examinee's single understanding of the connotation of "answer".

2. Contact the materials and correctly understand the topic.

When reviewing the topic, don't separate the organic connection between the material and the topic.

For example, in the college entrance examination in 2000, some students argued that "the answer is colorful, but the correct answer is unique", which actually deviated from the meaning of the question. The four answers shown in the materials in the title are all correct, so the meaning of "answer" in the title obviously means "correct answer", not to mention "wrong answer" is not "colorful".

3. An important reason why some candidates can't develop their ideas in writing is that they regard the topic as a proposition.

For example, on the topic of "the answer is colorful", some candidates are all demonstrating "why the answer is colorful", artificially limiting their thinking, and the vision of the composition is limited to a corner, thus losing the opportunity to get high marks.

4. Topic composition is not unlimited, and it may be off topic and off topic.

For example, the topic of 1999' s college entrance examination is "whether memory can be transplanted", and some candidates talk about "whether memory can be transplanted", ignoring that "whether memory can be transplanted" is a confirmation premise in the composition proposition. Only on this premise can a composition be related to the topic. Without this premise, how can it be related?

Fourthly, the conception skills of topic composition.

The process of composing can be generally divided into four steps: (1). Divergent thinking and open thinking; (2) Concentrate on thinking and establish the theme; (3) Choose a suitable style; (4) Choose suitable and fresh materials. If you can master the above steps skillfully and use the conception skills scientifically, it will not be so difficult to write a good composition.

1。 Within the scope of the topic, expand full association and develop rich ideas.

When talking about "how to determine the topic scope of topic composition", we put forward six categories: evaluation, how, result, time, space and object. From these six aspects, we can open up rich and diverse ideas.

For example, the topic of the college entrance examination in 2000, "Rich and colorful answers", may develop a lot of ideas from these six aspects:

It can be seen that from these six categories, you can have many kinds of ideas. Among all these ideas, it is easy to stand out and write a good article by choosing the one you think is the best as the theme of the article.

2. Choose the right style.

In recent years, the college entrance examination has abolished the style restriction, allowing candidates to choose their own style freely, which provides a broad space for candidates to give full play to their writing talents. Candidates should choose the most suitable style according to their knowledge structure and expertise.

For example, 1999 college entrance examination topic "If memory can be transplanted", some students with rich scientific knowledge and excellent imagination can write a science fiction novel, describing the scene of memory transplantation in detail. Some students are good at reasoning and logical thinking, so it is a good choice to write an argumentative essay about the advantages and disadvantages of transplanting memory. Some students have strong descriptive ability and excellent writing style. Interpreting an event caused by memory transplantation with a narrative style such as novels will certainly have a good performance. Some students have delicate feelings and give full play to their advantages in writing lyric prose.

Other students wrote plays, fairy tales, fables, dialogues, news reports, advertisements, host program records, speeches, diaries, letters, diagnosis books and so on. , truly reflects the diversity of styles. Judging from the current trend, narrative and some special styles are easier to get high marks than argumentative essays. The narrative style is flexible, rich in content and easy to write good articles. In addition, stylistic innovation is also easy to give people a sense of freshness. The high score of argumentative essays is generally due to the profound infiltration of reasoning. Because the logical thinking and rational thinking ability of middle school students are not very mature, it is difficult to write in-depth articles. Of course, candidates should choose their own style according to their actual situation. At the same time, students should pay attention to the fact that in the examination room, they should not blindly pursue stylistic innovation and choose unfamiliar styles, which will bring unnecessary losses to themselves. For example, some styles have strict format requirements, so you have to do a good job of writing training in peacetime in order to cope with it in the examination room.

3. Develop similar associations and choose suitable materials.

After establishing the theme of the article and deciding which style to use, what kind of material to choose becomes the key factor to write the article well. Whether writing an argumentative essay or a narrative, you can't think of any material written in the article, but you should continue to think on the basis of the existing material until you think of many similar materials.

For example, the topic of the 200 1 college entrance examination is "honesty". If we establish the central argument that "dishonesty is not excessive under special circumstances" from the perspective of reverse thinking. To support this argument, you may immediately think of some personal experiences. For example, once I had to break my word: I promised to give my friend an unexpected gift today, but because of the accident, I spent the money on the gift elsewhere. There are many similar examples in life, from ourselves to others, from individuals to society, we can think of many at once. You may think that fighting on the battlefield is unscrupulous; Shopping malls are like battlefields, but we should stress "fraud without fraud"; Honesty should be the basic principle in the diplomatic field, but it also needs improvisation; NBA coach Jackson is a famous psychologist, and his pre-war smoke screen war is necessary. Magic coach Milu broke the big fake news before the game and gave his opponent a surprise in the official game.

In short, the more similar materials you associate with, the wider your choice, and the more space you have to choose materials that are closer to the theme. When writing, you will ensure that the argument or theme is novel, unique and powerful. It can be said that in the college entrance examination, whoever has strong similarity and association ability will have more opportunities to write good articles with novel and unique themes.

Fifth, analyze the scoring standard of college entrance examination composition.

1. Based on the "grassroots", strive to get more basic points.

The requirement of 200 1 composition test continues the practice of the previous two years, and it is divided into two units: basic level and development level, with "basic level" accounting for 50 points and "development level" accounting for 10 points, which is the basis and standard for composition scoring in the college entrance examination. Among them, the basic level accounts for 5/6 of the score, so we should pay full attention to the requirements of "basic level" in peacetime training and standardize our composition writing on the basis of understanding its essentials.

"200 1 Notes on College Entrance Examination" stipulates the following contents at the basic level:

(1) meets the meaning of the question; (2) Meeting the stylistic requirements; (3) healthy thoughts and sincere feelings; (4) The center is clear and the content is substantial; (5) The structure is complete and the language is fluent; (6) The writing is standardized and the punctuation is correct.

If you correctly grasp the requirements of "basic level" in your composition, you can make fewer mistakes and lose less points. For example, some students didn't pay attention to the requirements of "healthy thinking and sincere feelings" in the "basic level". They wrote some negative, gloomy and gloomy things in their compositions, and even complained on the test paper, forgetting that the college entrance examination is an examination for selecting talents for the country and should show their positive, bright and upward side more. As a result, they left a bad impression on the marking teachers and affected their scores.

For students whose writing ability is not outstanding, aiming high and blindly pursuing uniqueness and innovation cannot be said to be an insurance choice. Based on the "basic level", it is wise to lay a solid foundation and go further when the basic points are guaranteed. For example, the topic of "honesty" is because the potential value judgment of this topic is affirmative and recognized by the whole society. If you don't have enough control ability from the perspective of naysayers, it's easy to be self-defeating. However, if you determine the positive tone of the article, and then think more about the idea, it is not difficult to write a standardized and innovative article. For example, you can think about the fact that "honesty" is increasingly ignored in people's beliefs. Where do people throw honesty? Thrown into the river, causing the river to be blocked. Now people are salvaging honesty and dredging rivers. Or many years ago, people made a deal with dogs and exchanged their honesty for dogs. As a result, dogs become loyal and reliable, while people become more and more dishonest, and so on. In this way, if you take one more step than others, you can show the uniqueness of your writing, and you may get high marks.

2. What kind of composition gets high marks?

The "development level" in "200 1 Notes on Chinese Examination of College Entrance Examination" is:

(1) Profound and thorough (such as going deep into the essence through phenomena, revealing the causes of problems, and predicting the development direction and results of things);

(2) vivid image (such as: good at description, vivid narration, full image and far-reaching artistic conception);

(3) literary talent (such as rich vocabulary, flexible sentence patterns, good use of rhetoric and meaningful sentences);

(4) Innovation (such as novel ideas, fresh materials, ingenious ideas, unique reasoning and imagination, and distinctive personality).

"Development grade" is an important standard and basis for judging high-scoring compositions. Some students rashly admit it? Quot "development level" accounts for a small proportion of the total score and is not taken seriously. In fact, if the college entrance examination composition has distinctive characteristics in one aspect, it can often improve the overall score. Ignoring the requirement of "development level" is tantamount to giving up the possibility of getting more points in the composition exam.

Looking at the composition score of the college entrance examination in recent years, whether the composition can get a high score often depends on whether your expression form is novel or not and whether your imagination is strange. Compared with previous years' grading scales which focused on the ideas and contents of articles, the present grading tends to encourage new styles, new expressions and imagination, and increasingly emphasizes the importance of expression forms, which is a new trend of composition grading in recent years.

Judging from the current trend of composition scoring in the college entrance examination, the reason why the composition gets high marks is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

(1) rich in imagination

In the composition "Leng Xiang flies to Chinese" in the college entrance examination in 2000, the author compared Chinese to Kunlun, dewdrop, peony, Leng Yue, lotus pond, fishing boat, egret, white sail for thousands of years and so on, with beautiful and peculiar images and extremely rich imagination. Another example is the 99 college entrance examination composition "Perfect Answer Sheet", which reasonably and fully imagined the process of memory transplantation and greatly enriched the content of the article.

(2) Ingenious conception and novel expression.

200 1 There is an article in the college entrance examination called "Honest Interview". The author skillfully imagines "honesty" as a drowning person, and based on this, he has carefully produced an interview report about "honesty", which is unique in conception, novel in style and good at expressing his views.

(3) Encourage special writing skills.

200 1 college entrance examination, the author's composition "Death of a Red Rabbit" showed his proficiency in ancient vernacular Chinese and got full marks. For example, we don't want everyone to use it as a model for writing and write articles in vernacular Chinese. This article is a special case, but it reflects the tendency of encouraging individuality in college entrance examination scores and has universal significance. It is obviously biased to blindly pursue a certain language form. Writing one's true personality and reflecting one's unique charm in the composition is worth advocating, and it is also explicitly encouraged in the current college entrance examination scores.

(4) Express profound and original ideas.

200 1 The composition "Honesty (Paleolithic Edition)" in the college entrance examination tells the story of a primitive man in the Stone Age. The main plot is divided into two parts. First, the protagonist betrayed honesty in order to survive; The second is the label of "honesty" in the flood era. The thoughts contained in this article are profound and complicated, including the author's mature thinking about history and reality. The volume was awarded full marks.

The above examples show that the composition scores of the college entrance examination in recent years have shown a new atmosphere of obvious tendency. But this does not mean that the traditional scoring standard becomes unimportant. Only articles with vivid narration, profound discussion, full image and literary talent can get high marks.

"The sea is wide and the fish jumps, and the sky is high and birds fly." Topic composition provides a stage for students to show their individuality. As long as students try more, they are sure to write good articles.