However, because the current traffic impact assessment mainly focuses on the design stage of the construction project, it is often difficult to implement suggestions for improving the site selection of the project, such as the nature of the project, the construction scale and the transportation system around the project, such as road density, width, intersection widening and public transportation system. Therefore, the rationality of urban construction planning itself in traffic design has important practical value. Based on the experience of participating in traffic impact assessment in recent years, the author puts forward some suggestions on the problems that should be paid attention to in traffic design of urban architectural schemes.
I. Entrance and exit of the base
The layout of the entrance and exit of the base is the first problem to be considered in the traffic design of urban architecture scheme. There are clear opinions in the general planning conditions, which should be strictly implemented. The specific opening sequence is: branch road-secondary road-main road, and try to avoid opening on the main road. The distance between the entrance and exit of the base and the intersection of urban roads shall meet the following conditions: the main road shall not be less than100m, the secondary road shall not be less than 80m, and the branch road shall not be less than 50m. The exit width of the base should be 7-9 meters, but if it is necessary to set a gate for closed management, it can be 4.5+2+4.5 meters, with a total width of 1 1 meter, and a toll station should be set in the middle 2 meters, but the red line between the gate and the urban road should not be less than 12 meters. The number of entrances and exits of general project bases is 2 ~ 3.
It should be pointed out that due to various reasons, urban bypass roads are often ignored, and it is not uncommon for land to be easily cancelled when it is sold. Urban branch road is the "capillary" of urban traffic and plays a very important role in improving urban traffic. Therefore, if the land for the project is large and is surrounded by urban secondary roads and above, it should be reasonably divided by setting up urban branch roads (with a general width of 16 ~ 20m). In addition, adjacent public buildings should retreat about 4 meters each, in the form of * * * channels, which is also worth promoting.
Second, the base general layout
The general layout of the base mainly considers the coordination between the entrance and exit of the base and the basement ramp and the rationality of the traffic streamline inside the base. It is necessary to avoid borrowing urban roads to meet some transportation needs of the project itself, such as parking and cargo distribution. It is advisable to set up a connecting channel between the entrance and exit of the base, and it is best to set up a project loop line in combination with the surrounding bottom merchants and other properties with traffic needs. The width of the road is 6m in two directions and 5m in one direction for small vehicles, 8m in two directions and 6m in one direction for medium and large vehicles. The entrance and exit of motor vehicle parking garage should be set on the road in the base, and it is generally not allowed to drive directly to the city road. The connection channel between the basement entrance and the base entrance is generally defined as the main channel of the community, and its width should not be less than 7 meters. Considering the safety requirements, the clear distance between the entrances and exits of motor vehicle garages in the base should be greater than 15m, and the clear distance between the entrances and exits of non-motor vehicle garages should be greater than 10m. It is suggested that the parking space for motor vehicles needed for the first floor of residential buildings should be as close to the ground as possible.
Third, the design of motor vehicle parking garage
Main considerations: the number and width of garage entrances and exits, the size of internal passages and parking spaces, traffic organization inside and outside the garage, etc. The number of general garage entrances and exits is as follows: when the number of parking spaces is 100 ~ 300, two-lane entrances and one-lane entrances are set; When the number of parking spaces is 300 ~ 500, two two-lane entrances and exits are set; When the number of parking spaces exceeds 500, there shall be no less than 3 two-lane entrances and exits; It is also suggested that when the number of parking spaces exceeds 1200, one car should be added for every 500 cars. The clear width of the garage entrance and exit is 7m for small cars, 5m for single lane, 8m for medium cars and 6m for single lane. When the mechanical vertical elevator is used as the entrance and exit of the garage, the number of vehicles served by a mechanical elevator should not be greater than 25. The width of the internal passage of the garage is as follows: 6 meters for small vehicles, 4 meters for one direction, 7 meters for medium vehicles, and 5 meters for one direction.
The size of a small car parking space in a general garage can be 5.3m (length) × 2.4m (width) specified in the Code for Design of Urban Garages, but there may be special regulations in different places, such as 6.0m (length) × 2.5m (width) in Hangzhou. The clear height of the small vehicle parking garage is not less than 2.2 meters. Mechanical parking spaces are not suitable for large public buildings and residential quarters with centralized evacuation requirements, such as stadiums. Other urban buildings need mechanical parking spaces, the number should not exceed 60% of the total configuration. Lifting and traversing mechanical parking equipment should be mainly 2 floors, not more than 3 floors, and the parking capacity of a group of lifting and traversing mechanical parking equipment should not exceed 23 vehicles. U-shaped U-turn design should be avoided at the junction of the garage entrance and exit with the ground road and the garage internal passage. Span parking spaces should be set between the basement ramp and the parallel passages in the basement. When the layout of underground garage can't serve every single building, it is suggested to extend the underground pedestrian passage or add pedestrian stairs to improve the convenience of residents.
Fourth, the bicycle parking garage design
Bicycle garages should not be located on the second floor or below, and bicycle parking spaces in residential urban buildings should meet the needs of urban buildings. The entrances and exits of bicycle parking garages should be set separately and should not be shared with motor vehicles. Its clear width should not be less than 2.5 meters, the slope should be less than 20%, and the slope width used for bicycle promotion should not be less than 30 cm. Generally speaking, the number of entrances and exits is as follows: when the number of bicycle parking spaces is less than or equal to 300, there can be one, when it is 300 ~ 1200, there can be two, and when it is more than 1200, there can be three. The clear height of the bicycle garage should not be less than 2 meters. The parking area of each bicycle can be calculated by 1.5 ~ 1.8 square meters in the open air and 1.8 ~ 2.0 square meters indoors.
V. Urban construction projects with parking facilities
The total amount of parking facilities must be implemented according to relevant local standards. Loading and unloading parking spaces for special parking spaces are not included in the total number of facilities. Bicycle parking spaces for residential urban buildings should be equipped in strict accordance with the standards, but the actual proposal for bicycle parking spaces for public urban buildings can be no less than 60% of the standards, and the insufficient part can be made up by motor vehicle parking spaces. Generally, a motor vehicle parking space can reach 20 bicycle parking spaces. All projects in Hangzhou require bicycle parking spaces. A group of bicycle parking spaces is called "one pavilion and two sheds", with the size of 2× 17m, which can park 2 1 bicycle and meet the needs of 63 bicycles.
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