The 202 1 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to three scientists. Among them, Shuro Makoto, a Japanese-American scientist, and Klaus Hasselman, a German scientist, won the prize for their research on "establishing a physical model of the earth's climate, quantifying its variability and reliably predicting global warming", and Giorgio parisi, an Italian scientist, won the prize for "discovering the interaction between disorder and fluctuation in the physical system from atomic to planetary scale".

Goran Hanson, Permanent Secretary of the Science Department of the Royal Swedish Academy, announced the winners and main achievements in the conference hall of the Science Department of the Royal Swedish Academy that day. He said that the winners made "groundbreaking contributions" to understanding complex physical systems.

The Swedish Academy of Royal Sciences said in a press release published on the same day that the three winners were awarded for their research on "chaos and obvious random phenomena". The earth's climate is a very important complex system for human beings. The complex system is characterized by randomness and disorder, which is difficult to understand, but the three winners have developed new methods to describe and predict their long-term behavior.