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Oral communication in ancient oral art
20 18-03-25 1 Page 0
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1. Learn the art of ancient literati speaking, pay attention to objects and occasions, and learn to communicate in a civilized and decent way.
2 can vividly tell stories, specific content, and can express opinions in a targeted manner.
3. Exercise oral communication skills.
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The content of oral communication in this unit is "Talking about the ancient art of speaking". For the ancient art of speaking, we mostly learned it from classical Chinese and ancient stories in and out of class.
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Before oral communication, we should arrange appropriate oral examples in advance and make full preparations.
In oral communication, when introducing cases, we should briefly explain the background and characters of the story to students, quote the original text when necessary to enhance the appeal, and briefly introduce cases to show the artistry of ancient people's speech, so we should analyze cases and tell the implied language art.
For the listed examples, there are different positive and negative examples, which are comparative. We talk about the ancient art of speaking, which is also the art of expressing self-talk and paying attention to the ways and means of expression.
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The art of ancient people's speech
Teacher: Guiguzi, a famous strategist during the Warring States Period, once brilliantly summed up the methods of talking with people with different identities: "Be rich with wise men, argue with bloggers, be brave with debaters, be noble with officials, be rich with rich people, be rich with poor people, be rich with humble people, be brave with fools." "Those who say that people are masters will be surprised by this; If you say that people are ministers, you must talk to them privately. " Let's learn about the ancient art of speaking. I hope everyone will speak enthusiastically and share together!
Student A: For example, in "Candlelight Martial Arts Retired from Qin Division", Candlelight Martial Arts was ordered to go out at night to see the king of Qin, state the relationship between Qin Jin, and cite the influence of giving up and losing Zheng on Qin State. Giving up Zheng is good for Qin, and losing Zheng is good for Jin. It is also proposed that "if she thinks that Zheng is the owner and her luggage is exhausted, you will not harm." Qin Bo, attracted by various immediate interests, betrayed Jin and saved Zheng. All this was saved by the strategy of candle. His strategy lies in his eloquence and the art of speaking. If he doesn't speak language and art, and doesn't proceed from Qin Bo's immediate interests, he just asks for forgiveness by lip service, and Qin Bo may not be tempted. If we don't bring up the past at an appropriate time and remind Qin Bojin of his deception, Qin Bo may not be tempted, but will betray his faith and form an alliance with Zheng people, and Zheng will not be able to save the situation.
Student B: In "Touching the Dragon on Zhao" by Zuo Shi, touching the dragon used a circuitous tactic in language. Buffer first, so that the queen mother's color will be less, then seduce, gossip, take it easy step by step, work hard, and create perfection in good faith. Let the queen mother take the bait. Then, another side attack was carried out, saying that the Queen Mother loved Yan more than Chang, which made the Queen Mother "fall into the trap". Finally, through direct attack, the Empress Dowager realized the necessity of staying in the State of Qi, and was convinced.
2. The artistic features of ancient Chinese prose: 1. Ancient prose: In ancient China, in order to distinguish it from rhyming and parallel prose, all prose articles, including classics, biographies, history books, etc., which did not rhyme or rearrange couples, were called prose. The development of China's ancient prose: (1) Pre-Qin prose: Historical prose mainly focuses on historical themes, and articles and books describing historical events and historical figures are all historical prose, such as Zuo Zhuan. (2) Prose in the Han Dynasty: Sima Qian's Historical Records in the Western Han Dynasty pushed biographical prose to an unprecedented peak. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, individual prose forms such as books, notes, tablets, inscriptions, essays and prefaces began to appear. Prose in Tang and Song Dynasties: Many excellent landscape travel notes, fables, biographies, essays and other works were produced, and the famous "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" also emerged at this time. (3) Prose in the Ming Dynasty: First, the "Seven Scholars" mainly imitated the ancient times, and later, the Tang and Song Dynasties advocated that all works "flowed from the chest", and Gui Youguang was famous. Qing dynasty prose: Qing dynasty prose, represented by Tongcheng school, pays attention to "righteousness"
3. China's ancient literary styles, such as: On, Preface, Preface, 1, and Ancient Chinese.
Prose written in classical Chinese, as opposed to parallel prose. Tang Hanyu opposed the parallel prose style since Wei and Jin Dynasties, and advocated the prose widely used in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, which was called ancient prose and later used as the proper name of prose.
2. Commemoration
(1) Inscription: an ancient style carved on a stone tablet to tell the life story of a character.
② Travel Notes: It is a prose genre describing travel experiences.
Miscellaneous notes: It is a genre of ancient Chinese prose, which is based on things, without much discussion, and writes out what you have seen and heard.
(4) Notes: It is a style that records the life stories of ancient people.
⑤ Notes: A short and rich style in ancient times. Meng Qian Bitan.
3. Ancient argumentative writing style
① Original text: the argumentative style of ancient exploration. Yuan Jun (Huang Zongxi)
2 discrimination; This is an ancient way of distinguishing right from wrong.
(3) Storytelling: it is an ancient way to explain the style of things by narrative, discussion or explanation. Ma Shuo and the world said.
④ Theory: the debating style of ancient irrational reasoning. On six countries
4. The ancient ministers presented the throne to the emperor-argumentative style.
(1) Sparse: It is a style in which lieutenants present their opinions to the emperor. Also known as commemoration and remembrance. On accumulation and storage (Jia Yi).
Table 2: Style of stating opinions or things. Chen Qingbiao (Shi Mi).
(3) Strategy: The way of asking questions in the imperial examination is called strategy question.
(4) Irony: In ancient times, people were euphemistically persuaded to accept the opinions of subordinates by means of metaphor and suggestion. Zou Ji satirized the King of Qi.
5. Preface and Postscript
6. Gift orders
One of the ancient styles was written for farewell. Send Ma Shengdong Yang preface.
7. Historical biographies
(1) Chronicle: A kind of biography, which specifically describes the deeds of emperors.
② Family: Mainly narrate the deeds of princes and special people.
Biography: It is used to record the deeds of ordinary officials and ordinary people, and also to record the history of ethnic minorities and other countries.
4. Classical Chinese is about the successful ancient people, Mencius Gao Zixia.
Shunfa is in mu, Fu Shuo is in banlou, glue fish is in salt, Guan Yi is a scholar, Sun Shuai is in the sea, and Baili is in the city.
Therefore, when the sky falls, people must first suffer their minds, their bones and muscles, starve their bodies, empty their bodies, and mess around. Therefore, patience has benefited them a lot.
People are unchangeable, and then they can change; Trapped in the heart, balanced in consideration, and then made; Color label, sound hair, and then metaphor. A country, if there are no ministers and wise men who can assist the king, will often be in danger of the collapse of its neighboring countries and the misfortunes from abroad.
In this way, you will know that sorrow is enough to make people live and pleasure is enough to make people die.
[translation]
Shun was appointed from the field and promoted from the work of building walls, glue was promoted from the work of selling fish and salt, Guan Yiwu was promoted from prison officials, Sun Shuaio was promoted from the seaside to the court, and Prissy was promoted from the street to the stage.
Therefore, God is about to place a great responsibility on such a person. First of all, we should make his heart ache, make his bones and muscles tired, make him hungry, make his skin thin, make him down and out, and make what he does turn upside down and never be happy. Through these, we can alert his heart, strengthen his character and increase his talents that he does not have.
People often make mistakes before they can correct them; Inner difficulties, blocked thinking, and then you can make a difference; All this is shown on the face, expressed in words, and then understood. A country, if there is no minister who insists on laws, no sage who assists the monarch, and if there is no invasion by hostile countries and foreign enemies abroad, it will often go to extinction.
This shows that sadness can make people alive, and ease and pleasure can make people haggard and die.