The semiconductor with zero energy gap is mainly single-layer graphene, and this electronic structure will seriously affect the role of gas molecules on its surface. The results of hydrogenation and oxidation of graphene show that single-layer graphene has the function of enhancing the surface reactivity compared with bulk graphite, indicating that the electronic structure of graphene can regulate its surface reactivity. In addition, the electronic structure of graphene can be changed by the induction of gas molecular adsorption, not only the concentration of carriers can be changed, but also different graphene can be doped.
sensor
Graphene can be made into chemical sensors, and this process is mainly completed through the surface adsorption performance of graphene. According to the research of some scholars, the sensitivity of graphene chemical detector can be comparable to the limit of single molecule detection. Graphene's unique two-dimensional structure makes it very sensitive to the surrounding environment. Graphene is an ideal material for electrochemical biosensor, and the sensor made of graphene has good sensitivity in detecting dopamine and glucose in medicine.
transistor
Graphene can be used to make transistors. Because of the high stability of graphene structure, this transistor can still work stably on the scale close to a single atom. In contrast, the transistor made of silicon at present will lose its stability on the scale of 10 nanometer; The ultra-fast reaction speed of electrons in graphene to the external field makes the transistor made of graphene reach a very high working frequency. For example, in February of 20 10, IBM announced that it would increase the working frequency of graphene transistors to 100GHz, which was higher than that of silicon transistors of the same scale.
Flexible display screen
Flexible screens have attracted much attention at the Consumer Electronics Show, and become the development trend of mobile device displays in the future. Flexible display has a broad market in the future, and the prospect of graphene as a basic material is also optimistic. For the first time, Korean researchers made a flexible transparent liquid crystal display composed of multilayer graphene and fiberglass polyester sheets. Researchers from South Korea's Samsung Company and Sungkyunkwan University made a piece of pure graphene the size of a TV set on a 63 cm wide flexible transparent fiberglass polyester board. They said that this is by far the largest graphene block. Subsequently, they made a flexible touch screen using graphene blocks.
New energy battery
New energy batteries are also an important field for the first commercialization of graphene. MIT has successfully developed a flexible photovoltaic panel, whose surface is covered with graphene nano-coating, which can greatly reduce the cost of manufacturing transparent deformable solar cells, which may be used in small digital devices such as night vision goggles and cameras. In addition, the successful research and development of graphene super battery has also solved the problems of insufficient battery capacity and long charging time of new energy vehicles, greatly accelerating the development of new energy battery industry. This series of research results paved the way for the application of graphene in the new energy battery industry.
desalination of sea water
Graphene filters are used more than other seawater desalination technologies. After the graphene oxide film in water environment is in close contact with water, a channel with a width of about 0.9 nm can be formed, and ions or molecules smaller than this size can quickly pass through. By further compressing the capillary channel size and controlling the pore size in graphene film by mechanical means, the salt in seawater can be filtered efficiently.
hydrogen storage material
Graphene has the advantages of light weight, high chemical stability and large specific surface area, and is the best candidate for hydrogen storage materials.
astrospace
Due to the characteristics of high conductivity, high strength and ultra-thin, the application advantages of graphene in aerospace military industry are also extremely prominent. In 20 14, NASA developed a graphene sensor used in aerospace field, which can well detect trace elements in the upper atmosphere of the earth and structural defects on spacecraft. Graphene will also play a more important role in potential applications such as ultra-light aircraft materials.
The sensor
The new photosensitive element made of graphene, through special structure, is expected to improve the photosensitive ability by thousands of times compared with the existing CMOS or CCD, and the energy consumption is only 10%. It can be used in the fields of monitors and satellite imaging, cameras, smart phones and so on.