In Dongpo's ci, there is a tone that runs through it, whether it is bright or dark. We might as well call it "the aria of life". Accompanied by it, the author's continuous thinking about life: its breadth and depth are unprecedented in the history of ci.

The life thinking embodied in Dongpo's Ci mainly includes the following three pairs of life contradictions:

First, career and retirement. Su Shi embarked on his official career as early as the age of 26, wandering in the sea of officials for a long time, and faced many life choices, especially when he felt lost and politically frustrated and was exiled and fled. Confucianism's thought of joining the WTO is his "backbone", and his early rhetoric "Why is it difficult to be Yao and Shun?" It can best represent his yearning and pursuit of achievement. However, after a long time and small achievements, they gradually tend to retreat: "Scratching their heads and returning, consciously lazy, fame and fortune sparse"; "When to go home, be an idle person. For a piano, a pot of wine, a wisp of cloud. " After experiencing the ups and downs of his official career, the poet realized the twists and turns of his official career: "In thirty-three years, he wandered the rivers and seas, and Wan Li was in Yun Fan." His inherent demand for retirement is naturally particularly strong. But once he was "released" by the imperial court, he thought that his achievements had not yet been established, and he could not help but sigh generously: "I don't repay my kindness when I am old, but look back on a sad song." It can be seen that the poet is still wandering between the entrance and the exit. In the poet's view, the best way to solve this contradiction is to retire after success: "If you succeed, you will return to your hometown."

Second, ideal and reality. Although the poet holds the ideal of "being a gentleman and being flexible", the reality is not satisfactory: cumbersome official duties and frequent transfers make him involuntarily: "If you hate this body for a long time, when will you forget the camp"; "Life is like a boat." His sense of wandering, depravity and boredom also arises spontaneously: "Strangers wander everywhere"; "The end of the world is the same." Wutai Poetry Case, Huangzhou and Linghai were relegated twice, all of which shattered the poet's ideal. "Official travel to Qian Shan." Words are full of twists and turns and unspeakable difficulties! The poet suddenly lost his mind: "it rained in the middle of the night on the plane leaves, and the dream soul was nowhere to be found"; Suddenly self-mockery: "three into the Ming Dynasty, four to nine clear, ask the scholar, why shame him"; Suddenly wronged: "ask what the public is, don't say anything in the book"; Suddenly sad: "the beads are splashed with tears, and the Dan is broken"; These are all caused by the ups and downs of official career.

Why is it so difficult for poets to proceed from reality and move towards ideals? First, there was a party struggle in the imperial court, and the factions contained each other, attacked each other and fought endlessly, making it difficult for Su Shi to develop his economy. Second, the weak national strength of the Song Dynasty, coupled with the conservative ethnic policy, determined that the rulers could not make great achievements. What is the fate of Su Shi, who is "big and tolerant, high and jealous" (Xue Yu), is unknown.

So, how to solve the contradiction between ideal and reality? Su Shi's answer is roughly: downplay the consciousness of fame; Abide by the impromptu life philosophy of "using time to hide in me"; Hold the attitude of "happiness knows life".

Third, the universe and life. This is a heavy and basic subject. "Mr. Yuen Long must blame himself. Flat peaches are a century. I don't know how hard life is. " Su Shi touched on the profound contradiction between the infinity of the universe and the brevity of life in his mythical whimsy. From this point of view, he is extremely sensitive to the sun and the moon: "The personnel are bleak, looking back is another year"; "This night is not long. Where will the bright moon look next year?" This kind of lamentation over the brevity of life shows the same anxiety about the noumenon of life as his words of cherishing flowers and hurting spring. However, Su Shi did not sigh blindly. In Fu on the Red Wall, he put forward a philosophical explanation from a macro perspective: "If we take it as it is, things are infinite to me". He often shows his love for life and life in his ci, and this philosophical attitude is reflected in his ci.

I think the most noteworthy parts of Dongpo's ci are those with positive ideological significance. Displayed as:

Love of real life. This is fully demonstrated in the early masterpiece "When is the Bright Moon?". . Even if the poet is in adversity, we can still see his positive attitude and optimistic spirit: "Who said that life is not too small, the water in front of the door can still move westward, don't sing yellow chickens with white hair." There are more works to describe the taste of nature and life, especially the elegance of "suddenly making waves and dancing a leaf of Pulsatilla"; The joy of "being diligent in the rain last night, getting a cool day" can still taste the sweetness of life in adversity. Doesn't it also show the poet's love for real life?

Indifference in prosperity. From the end of Yuan Feng to Yuan Feng? During these years, Su Shi's luck has changed greatly, and he even had the unusual experience of "reading three official positions before one year old". When "people are deep in the fish pond", I miss Tang Xue's "Planting peaches and plums in front of the hall, infinite green Qing Zi"; He also warned himself: "lay man, lay man, don't forget the small bridge and flowing water" (ibid.). Yuan? In March 2006, when he was known as a bachelor of Hanlin in Hangzhou, he wrote the words "Klang Ganzhou sent a ginseng to Liao Zi" and insisted on confession: "Whoever is like Dongpo, who forgets that his machine has a white head." Su Shi's indifferent and complacent personality is commendable.

Calm in adversity. Written in Huangzhou period, "Set the Wind and Don't Listen to the Beating of Leaves in the Woods" is an obvious example. In the first part, I wrote about the scene on the way to rain: "If you don't listen to the sound of leaves beating in the Woods, why don't you sing and walk slowly?" Bamboo poles and sandals are more dexterous than riding horses. What's to be afraid of? A misty rain is a lifetime. In fact, the poet wrote his inner magnanimity and tolerance in the face of sudden political storm by symbolic means. The Mid-Autumn Festival written at the same time is more romantic. The poet's soul seems to fly freely in the "sky" without traces of Wan Liyun, and the suddenly enlightened world, "If you want to ride the wind, why not ride the wings" can be regarded as the soul soaring towards the imaginary "free kingdom". Therefore, relatively speaking, this word can better express the freedom of the poet's spirit. There is no doubt that the poet's mentality in adversity is the result of self-adjustment: he wakes up from the nightmare of political struggle again and again, and his fear, panic, confusion and grievances all disappear. This kind of life attitude and mental state that is comfortable in adversity is very rare.

Accessibility in the face of changing environment. What I am talking about here is an attitude towards life and a way of thinking. When the situation changed, Su Shi said: "Seeing the East Garden is good can eliminate the worries of the North. It's not my soil, but I'm going upstairs. All on the south bank of the Yangtze River, stay here for a long time. " Jian 'an writer RoyceWong said: "Although I believe in beauty, not my hometown, how can I stay long enough!" If the latter shows an emotion, the former is a reason; The latter is the poet's innocence, while the former is the philosopher's understanding. When Su Shi lived in Huangzhou, he followed the example of Tao Yuanming and devoted himself to Dongpo, which seemed to have infinite comfort and satisfaction: "Last night, Dongpo was full of spring rain, birds were singing happily and the sky was fine." In his later years, he was demoted to Hainan, and his life was very difficult, but the spring scenery in his works was still full of vitality: "Spring cattle spring branches, infinite spring breeze comes to the sea. Then go to work in the spring and dye it pink like meat. " That is, at this end, we can see that the poet really achieved "this peace of mind is my hometown."

The life thinking in Dongpo's ci is beyond the common customs. One of the important reasons is that the author absorbed the positive factors of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Confucianism's accession to the WTO and promising, so that he loves life and life; Taoism's inaction, especially Zhuangzi's theory of uniformity of things, made him indifferent to fame and fortune, and he also seemed to be comfortable in adversity; The quietness and tact of Buddhism inspired him to move towards harmony and understanding. Another important reason is the author's unremitting pursuit of the aesthetic realm of life, trying to transcend the utilitarian realm of life: whether in good times or in bad times.

Su Shi's meditation on life philosophy expressed in his poems undoubtedly embodies a deep humanistic concern, which can give useful enlightenment and even spiritual nourishment to future generations.

The Influence of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism on Su Shi —— On Su Shi's outlook on life from his poems

Key words: Su Shi's Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism were born, and Confucianism was optimistic and broad-minded.

Topic: Su Shi has a life thought based on the Confucian system, but the ups and downs of his official career make him full of contradictions between his birth and his entry into the WTO, and because of the influence of Buddhism and Taoism, he has formed a style of Confucianism outside and Taoism inside, which is reflected in an optimistic and broad-minded attitude towards life.

Su Shi (1037-11kloc-0/) was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan). Su Shi has made outstanding achievements in poetry, prose and ci, and is also good at calligraphy and painting. It can be called the representative of the highest literary achievement in the Song Dynasty. His poems are imaginative, fresh, lively and interesting, which creates a new style of poetry. His prose is vivid, natural and creative, and he is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". His poems were colorful, feminine and fashionable, fresh, vigorous and bold, and he wrote Su Dongpo's Collection and Dongpo Yuefu. However, the main reason why Su Shi is widely loved and respected by later generations of scholars is his optimistic and broad-minded attitude towards life: advancing and retreating freely, not being humiliated. No one has ever been able to integrate the two main attitudes of literati in feudal society with the same value scale. He can go anywhere in peace. So, how did Su Shi, as a generation of famous artists, do this?

First of all, a good family environment endowed him with profound Confucianism. His lifelong career is an important process for him to realize his thought of saving the world.

Su Shi was born in a family with rich literary traditions, and his grandfather Su Xu was good at reading and writing poems. My father, Su Xun, is a famous writer of classical literature in China. He gave careful guidance to Su Shi and his younger brother Su Zhe. My mother, Cheng, is learned and deeply understands the righteousness. She once told Su Shi about the Book of the Later Han Dynasty.

(1) Jiang's I>& lt I></I > & lt/I & gt； 8226; Mizhou hunting

I'm talking about teenage madness, which leads to yellow. Right green. Golden hat, mink and fur, thousands of riding rolls and leveling posts. In order to repay the people of the whole city for following my generous hunting proposal, I will shoot this tiger myself like Sun Quan. The wine is full and the box is still open. There is a slight frost on the temple. What are the disadvantages? Hold a festival in the clouds, when to send the phoenix hall. I will make my strength as full as the full moon, full as the full moon, heading northwest and shooting at the team in West Xia Jun.

Mizhou was his first stop. Su Shi was not depressed by this unexpected loss. Instead, he turned his attention to his daily life and tried to find interest in it. But even though hunting is such a trivial matter, Su Shi never forgets to serve the country and still focuses on "shooting the Sirius". From people's "the whole city follows the satrap", we can easily see that Su Shi is outstanding in the local area. As long as the environment permits, Su Shi always makes a difference. After taking office, he worked diligently and tried his best to do more practical things for the local government. He has served as a local official in Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou, killing locusts for disaster relief and building dikes to fight floods, with outstanding achievements. Even after being demoted to Huizhou, he donated two bridges. This is the expression of Confucian thought of governing the country and protecting the people.

Secondly, the bumpy official career filled Su Shi's thoughts with the contradiction between being born and entering the WTO.

Su Shi has been ups and downs in the sea of officials since he was 22 years old. When the new law was implemented during the reign of Zongshen Xi Ning, although Su Shi intended to change the situation of poverty and weakness in the Northern Song Dynasty, he did not advocate mutation and opposed "premature planning", so he wrote in opposition and invited himself to be the local officials of Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. Later, he was accused of "slandering the imperial court" for writing poems, and was arrested and imprisoned in Huzhou. In the third year of Yuanfeng (A.D. 1080), he was demoted as an assistant to Ying Yong in Huangzhou (now Huanggang County, Hubei Province). During the reign of Zhezong Yuanyou, conservatives came to power, and they were moved again because they opposed the abolition of the new law. In his early years, the New Party came to power and was exiled to Huizhou (now Huiyang County, Guangdong Province) and Danzhou (now Hainan Island), leading a hard life with the Li people. Later, he was pardoned and returned to the north and died in Changzhou. It can be said that Su Shi suffered two serious political persecutions in his life. For the first time, at the age of 45, he was demoted to Huangzhou for the "Wutai Poetry Case" and lived there for four years. The second time was banished to Huizhou at the age of 59, banished to Danzhou at the age of 62, and returned to the north at the age of 65. Spent six years in prison. Before he died, Su Shi wrote a self-titled portrait, saying, "I asked you about your life's achievements, including Huangzhou, Huizhou and Danzhou." Although this is a self-mockery of his political career, it also reveals his bumpy career to some extent. This concern? What's wrong with that? Crispy? Hey?

Prelude to water melody

On the Mid-Autumn Festival, Chen Bing was as drunk as a fiddler, so he wrote this article and got pregnant.

When did the moon begin to appear? I take my glass from a distance. I don't know the palace in the sky, and I don't know the month and time. I'm willing to ride the wind to the sky, I'm afraid I can't stand the cold for nine days in a pavilion of fine jade. Dance to find the shadow, what is it like! Keywords brick pavilion, low-rise residents,

Take a sleepless photo. There should be no hate, why don't we leave each other! People are sad and happy, and they are separated and reunited. The moon will darken or shine, and it will become round or round. Nothing is perfect, even in the past. I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away.

This word reflects Su Shi's mood at that time and is full of contradictions between being born and joining the WTO. Long-term contact with Buddhism and Taoism makes it difficult for him to choose his future life path, whether to continue to pursue his career or to retire bravely. We yearn for the purity of "Qionglou Yuyu", but we hate its coldness, the turbidity of the real society and the warmth of the world. We can perceive this profound contradiction from the text. It's a good thing to retire bravely, like "Qionglou Yuyu", but "unattainable". You can only dance under the moon to win, and a thousand miles is a blessing. Confucianism, which has been deeply influenced since childhood, has gained the upper hand, and it is impossible to give up the long-standing political ideal, so it tends to be "human" and choose the official career, but only in this process has it strengthened its self-cultivation, that is, in personal life, it takes Buddhism and Taoism as the priority and adopts an attitude of humiliation and fame and fortune. "People have joys and sorrows, and the moon has ups and downs. This is a kind of helplessness and comfort to the status quo. As for "I hope people will live a long time, and thousands of miles are beautiful", it is a kind of soul-stirring, a seemingly shallow and unintentional blessing and a plan for the future. Shangque's thought of entering the world has defeated the thought of being born, while Xiaque is a contest between reason and emotion, and reason has defeated emotion. This is also a fierce confrontation between Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in Su Shi's heart.

Thirdly, Su Shi's Buddhism and Taoism thought made him form the style of Confucianism outside and Taoism inside.

It's not that Su Shi is insensitive to suffering, nor is he resigned to the persecution imposed on him. He is treating successive misfortunes with a brand-new attitude towards life, organically combining the firm spirit of Confucianism, Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's contempt for limited time and space and their overloaded attitude towards the material environment, and the idea that Zen treats all changes with a normal heart. This thought, which is based on Confucianism and permeated by Buddhism and Taoism, is the philosophical basis of Su Shi's outlook on life and has a great relationship with his reading history. Su Zhe described Su Shi's reading process like this: "Jia Yi and Lu Zhi wrote a good book from the beginning, discussing how to control chaos in ancient and modern times, not empty talk. After watching Zhuangzi, I sighed and said,' I've seen it in China before, but I can't say it. It's my heart to see Zhuangzi today!' ..... After reading Shi's book, I deeply understand the reality that it is ok to participate in the hole, the old age and the rich, but I can't see its limit. Su Shi not only accepted Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, but also thought that they were interlinked. He once said that "Zhuangzi helped Confucius", and Zhuangzi's attitude towards Confucianism was "Yang crowded out Yin to help" (Zhuangzi Ancestral Temple). He also believes that "Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism coincide with each other" and "on the contrary, they serve each other" (the inscription of the elders in South China). Confucianism's entry into the WTO, Buddhism's transcendence and Taoism's seclusion were originally contradictory, but in several ups and downs of official experience, Su Shi finally unified them in the form of "Confucianism outside and Taoism inside". Shi Zhiyuan in the Song Dynasty said: "Confucianism teaches the body, so it is called the foreign code; "Interpreters cultivate the teaching of mind, so it is called internal code." "Therefore, I cultivate morality with Confucianism and treat mind with interpretation." (Idle House)

Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia

The surging river flows eastward, and those heroes of the past are gone forever. To the west of the old base, humanity is the Red Cliff in Zhou Lang. The steep rock wall, like thunder waves lapping against the river bank, waves like rolling up thousands of snow. As picturesque as a mountain, how many heroes there are at one time! Looking back on Zhou Yu's spring breeze era, young and beautiful Joe just married him, and he was full of heroic spirit. Feather fan nylon scarf, laughing and laughing, strong ashes. I am wandering in the battlefield today. I feel a feeling heart and give birth to white hair prematurely. Things are like a dream, a bottle or a month.

This word was written in Huangzhou's office. On the surface, he is talking about ancient things, but in fact he is expressing his feelings. Huangzhou's relegation is another major change in Su Shi's life. But at this time, he can say that he has a relatively clear regulation on the philosophy of life, and it has influenced his attitude towards life. Although my heart is full of grief and indignation, I can face it calmly and no longer stick to it, so I have this heroic and broad-minded Niannu Jiao. It not only writes the grandeur of the ancient battlefields of the Three Kingdoms, but also vividly outlines the image of Zhou Yu, which makes people feel an optimistic attitude towards life. There is no longer a feeling of contributing to the country, but a calm examination of reality after vicissitudes, and this open-minded beauty of vicissitudes is the best embodiment of life philosophy after the integration of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.

Fourth, an optimistic and open-minded attitude towards life is the ultimate expression of his outlook on life.

Deep life thinking makes Su Shi hold a calm and broad-minded attitude towards ups and downs, which is fully reflected in Su Shi's poems. Su Shi's poems in adversity, of course, contain pain, resentment and depression, such as two poems "Cold Food and Rain" written by Huangzhou, which describe the life dilemma of "boiling cold dishes with empty water and burning reeds with broken stoves" and the mentality of "the door to the monarch is deep and the grave is in Wan Li". Su Shi's more poems show contempt for and transcendence over suffering. Huangzhou, a barren city surrounded by mountains and water, was described by him as "a great river around the country knows the beauty of fish, and good bamboo and mountains feel the fragrance of bamboo shoots." (First Arriving in Huangzhou), on the rocky slope, it says "Don't be too suspicious of Potou Road, love the sound of dragging the stick loudly" (Dongpo). Lingnan is far away, and the ancients regarded it as a road of fear. Han Yu was relegated to Chaozhou, and Liu Zongyuan was relegated to Liuzhou, and most of his poems were based on sadness. However, when Su Shi was relegated to Huizhou, he wrote a poem saying: "Three hundred lychees a day, I don't want to grow up to be a Lingnan person." ("Two Lychee Branches" (the second part) and demoted Danzhou, saying: "Who wrote geography in its year? Zhenwu Township, Wan Li, Hainan. " ("I went to Hainan, and my son is from Leizhou. I was ordered to go, and I didn't know each other. Wu Zhi heard that it was still on the vine, and it was time to catch up with it. The core of this optimistic and open-minded attitude is a firm attitude towards life and a fighting spirit of not giving in to bad luck. Therefore, Su Shi's poems in adversity are still magnificent and magnificent, and he is indifferent to the illness of depression. Such as "Crossing the Sea on the Night of June 20th":

On the third night, the bitter rain will eventually clear up. Who decorated the clouds and the moon? Natural beauty and clarification of ocean colors. In his spare time, Lu Zuo used music to get a general understanding of Xuanyuan's music. I don't hate the narrow escape in the south, so I will travel wonderfully all my life!

This was written by Su Shi when he came back from Danzhou to forgive the North. His poems reveal his pride in overcoming darkness and his broad mind full of momentum. Another example is "Dingfeng":

Don't listen to the sound of beating leaves in the Woods. Why not sing and walk slowly? Bamboo poles and shoes are lighter than horses. Who's scared? A raincoat and hemp fiber, despite the wind and rain, still live my life. The chill of spring woke me up. Slightly cold. The hillside is sloping, but it is pleasant. Looking back on the bleak land. Go home. No rain or shine.

In this poem, the author tries to get rid of the mental process of self-adaptation and constant pursuit from positive enterprising to contradictory depression, as well as his personality temperament of pursuing romance, passion and consideration. This life paradigm, which is persistent in life and detached from things, contains a firm, calm, optimistic and broad-minded spirit, thus achieving the purpose of despising ugliness and dissolving pain. Inhale and exhale at will, and be self-contained. Light and turmoil have transcended the secular world. Posted in China Paper Download Center.