According to the Records of Jianchang County written by Zheng De in Ming Dynasty and Guangchang County written by Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, "Bailianchi is fifty miles southwest of the county seat. During the reign of Tang Yifeng (676-679 AD), the residents planted red lotus, which turned white a few years later, and got a statue of Jinfan Guanyin among the white lotus. The following year, the white lotus turned green again. " (Tongzhi of Qing Dynasty "Guangchang County Records")

Hui 'an Temple is located in Xingcheng Township. During the reign of Tang Yifeng, the residents planted red lotus, which suddenly turned white a few years later, and expanded the social field into a temple, which became a garden a few years later. (Tongzhi of Qing Dynasty "Guangchang County Records")

"White lotus pond is in the east of Huian Temple in the county seat. During the reign of Tang Yifeng, people once planted red lotus flowers, which suddenly turned white a few years later. The statue of Jin Fan Guanyin in the petals is a temple. In the next few years, it became a garden. During the Song Xining period, the elders who supported agriculture rebuilt the courtyard temple, and the lotus seeds were placed in the pool, because the hall was built on the pool to show its Rui. " (Ming Zhengde's "Jian Chang Fu Zhi")

According to written records, the planting history of Guangchang White Lotus has been 1300 years. In fact, the history of planting lotus can be traced back to an earlier time, but there is no written record. With regard to the history of planting lotus in Guangchang, there is a story circulating among the people in Guangchang: According to legend, in ancient times, a kind and magical Yue lotus girl held a lotus in her hand, which drove away the disease, saved the life of the whole village and taught people to plant lotus. From then on, the white lotus society flourished, the plague disappeared and the population flourished. In addition, Vietnamese people have the custom of tattooing continuously, and everyone is painted with lotus petals. Geographically speaking, Guangchang belongs to the place where Guyue people live and move. Therefore, it is reasonable that Guangchang had the custom of planting lotus flowers since ancient times before Yifeng in the Tang Dynasty.

Formation of white lotus varieties in Guangchang. There are two traditional varieties of Guangchang White Lotus, one is "Guangchang White Hualien" and the other is "Guangchang White Lotus". "Guangchang White Lotus" is a pink single flower, and "Guangchang White Lotus" is a red semi-double flower. According to Wang Qichao, a famous lotus expert in China, the evolution theory of lotus varieties and the comparison of morphological characteristics of several existing wild lotus flowers in China. "Guangchang White Hualien" is close to the morphological characteristics of wild lotus, which may have evolved gradually after the ancients transplanted wild lotus. "Guangchang Louvre Lotus" is a kind of red double flower, which may have been artificially cultivated by the ancients from a mutant plant with genetic mutation. It is recorded in the Records of Guangchang An Baili that "it turned green in the following years", which means the variation of An Baili's "variety". The "Bi" lotus described in Hanshu Lotus first appeared in Materia Medica Yi Yan in Yuan Dynasty, while the "Bi" lotus appeared in the "Yifeng" year recorded in Guangchang Bailian Annals, six or seven hundred years earlier.

According to textual research, in the fourth year of "Xining" in Song Dynasty (A.D. 107 1), Zhou Dunyi, a famous philosopher, was appointed as the commander-in-chief of Nankang Army (now Xing Zi County, Jiangxi Province) and planted lotus flowers in a chiseled pond named "Ailianchi" to plant lotus flowers introduced from Guangchang.

Guangchang has been called "Lianxiang" since ancient times. According to textual research, the nickname of "Lianxiang" in Guangchang came from this: in the first year of Shaoding in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1228), the county magistrate Xie Juezhi built the "Lianxiang Hall" next to Bailianchi. According to legend, on June 24th of the lunar calendar, Grandfather County invited rural literati to sit in a pavilion with unique shapes and mountains and rivers, and enjoy the scenery of the lotus field through the leaking window to express their feelings. There is a poem to prove that "a thousand lotus flowers are three feet of water, and a bright moon and a half pavilion phoenix". After "Lianxiangtang", it was widely circulated among the people and passed down through the ages. "Xiang" and "Xiang" are homophonic in folk spoken language, and later generations called Guangchang "Lianxiang". Since 1930s, there have been newspapers and magazines calling Guangchang "Lianxiang", among which the most authoritative book is China's Economic Capital, Famous Town and Famous News (edited by Ma Hong, China Development Press). During the period of 1994, Guangchang County won the title of "Hometown of China White Lotus" at the naming meeting of local famous products.

In modern times, the pace of white lotus production in Guangchang was accelerated. It is very common to plant white lotus in Guangchang in Qing Dynasty, and there is a poem "Flowers bloom in the county" in the county annals. 19 18, the Japanese sent personnel to systematically inspect the planting, processing and export of Guangchang white lotus, and compiled a book "zhina Province Don't Quan Zhi" in the East Asian Cultural Association, praising Guangchang white lotus as "the treasure of lotus". On May 1936 and 19, the Daily of the Republic of China published an article about the investigation of Yunnan-Hangzhou specialty exhibits in Jiangxi Province, saying that the exhibited white lotus "belongs to Guangchang County and is sold to Changting, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Shantou, Guangzhou, Hankou, Jiujiang and Nanchang, and then resold to Southeast Asian countries through Hong Kong".

Guangchang County is located at the southern tip of Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province, with east longitude1166'-1634' and north latitude 26 30'-26 59'. It belongs to the birthplace of Fuhe River, a tributary of Ganjiang River, and borders Wuyi Mountain in the east. Guangchang County has a subtropical monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, mild climate and abundant rainfall. The frost-free period lasts for 273 days, with annual average temperature 18. 1℃, annual average rainfall 1734mm and annual average sunshine 1828.5 hours. Guangchang county has fertile farmland and high content of soil organic matter. Due to the unique geographical location, soil and climatic conditions, the formation and development of Guangchang Anbaili was created.

Guangchang An Baili is of high quality. White color, large particles, sweet taste, rich nutrition, high medicinal value, easy to rot in stewing, clear soup color, rich in amino acids, rich in vitamins, sugar, calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese, titanium and other nutrients, but also rich in "lotus rice" and "Huangxin Suning oxide".

Guangchang Anbaili also has extensive medicinal value and is a traditional nourishing health food. Guangchang An Baili is full of treasures. Lotus seeds have the functions of nourishing the heart, tonifying the kidney, strengthening the spleen and astringing the intestines. "Compendium of Materia Medica" records that lotus seeds "protect the heart and kidney, thicken the stomach and intestines, strengthen healthy qi, strengthen bones and muscles, tonify deficiency, benefit eyes and ears, dispel cold and dampness, stop spleen from discharging dysentery for a long time, be red and white, and women's blood collapse". "Shennong Baicao Jing" records: "Lotus tonifies the middle, benefits qi, eliminates all diseases, strengthens the body and prolongs life". Modern Chinese medicine believes that Tongxinluo Anbaili has the functions of invigorating stomach and spleen, moistening lung and nourishing heart, nourishing yin and blood, and consolidating kidney and body constitution. All parts of the genus Nelumbo, such as lotus root, lotus node, lotus root powder, lotus stalk, lotus leaf pedicle, lotus leaf, lotus, lotus whisker, lotus house, lotus coat and lotus plumule, can also be used as medicine to make nourishing or therapeutic food.

After the liberation of Guangchang, the party and government attached great importance to the development of characteristic industries of Guangchang Bailian, and adopted a series of effective measures to continuously improve the output and quality of Guangchang Bailian. 1952 Establish an agricultural demonstration farm, carry out investigation, standardization, publicity and guidance on lotus planting technology, and restore the lotus planting area in the county to 3627 mu. 1955 county agricultural extension center station was established, then county agricultural extension station was established, and agricultural extension stations were established in all districts (now towns). Under the guidance of the county station, the research, publicity and guidance of lotus planting technology were carried out. 1958 Guangchang Ambry is listed as a national second-class commodity. 196 1 year, the state implemented the policy of buying white lotus with prizes instead of selling, which promoted the development of white lotus production in this county.

In the 1970s, with the promotion of the county agricultural bureau, Guangchang Anbaili had a new development. First, the technology of interplanting late rice in lotus field was popularized, which effectively solved the contradiction of land competition for lotus grain and maintained the stable development of lotus production in the era of "taking grain as the key link". The second is to popularize lime application technology in lotus field, so that the occurrence of diseases in continuous cropping lotus field is obviously reduced. The third is to carry out the breeding of new white lotus varieties and the autumn sowing breeding experiment of white lotus seeds, and select and popularize the new white lotus variety "Guanglian 1". These effective measures have further promoted the stable development of Guangchang Anbaili. 1March, 978, Guangchang County was approved by Jiangxi Province as Anbaili Export Base County.

After the 1980s, with the implementation of the household contract responsibility system, unification and separation were combined. Greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers to develop white lotus production. Guangchang County Party Committee and government adjusted the industrial structure and guided farmers to develop lotus root production. 1984 established the first research institute of white lotus in China, and began a comprehensive and systematic study on the breeding, cultivation techniques, pest control and comprehensive utilization of new white lotus varieties, and successfully cultivated and popularized new varieties such as "Ganlian 85-4", "Ganlian 85-5" and "Ganlian 62" in 6 towns and villages in the county/kloc-0. From 65438 to 0989, An Baili Association was established in this county, which coordinated the research, production, technology promotion, marketing, processing and utilization of Anbaili in an all-round way, greatly promoting the industrial development of An Baili. The 1980s was a period of great development of Guangchang Bailian industry. The production area of white lotus in the county has increased from about 65.438+0.8 million mu in the initial stage to about 80,000 mu, and the output value has reached more than 65.438+0.2 billion yuan, making it a pillar industry of Guangchang county economy.

In 1990s, with the expansion of planting area of white lotus in surrounding counties and other white lotus producing areas, the yield and quality of Guangchang white lotus were further improved to ensure its name, uniqueness, excellence and new status. An Baili Institute of Science in Guangchang cooperated with China Institute of Genetics to undertake the National 863 Project, carried out the research on space mutation breeding in An Baili, and successfully cultivated a series of "space lotus" varieties. "Space Lotus" series varieties have the characteristics of long growth period, many flowers, large canopy, large seeds, high seed setting rate, high yield and good quality, and have passed the FDA test in the United States, and are the best new varieties of purple lotus at present. "Space Lotus" series products are popularized in the county and are greatly welcomed by the majority of lotus farmers. The successful cultivation and promotion of "Space Lotus" series will surely bring new vitality and hope to the further development of An Baili industry in Guangchang.

Second, the cultivation achievements and honors of Guangchang Anbaili

Guangchang Tongxin An Baili has a long history, so its origin is Guangchang County, Jiangxi Province, and it is called "the hometown of An Baili". 1995 Guangchang county was named as "the hometown of concentric An Baili in China" at the "First Naming Conference of China's Top 100 Specialty Homes" held in the Great Hall of the People in March. 1In April, 1999, Guangchang County was awarded the title of "Hometown of High-quality White Lotus in China" in the large-scale publicity campaign of "Hometown with China Characteristics" carried out by People's Daily. Since ancient times, many experts, scholars, national leaders and literati, including social science and natural science, have praised Guangchang Anbaili, including Zhou Dunyi, a famous philosopher and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, Jiang, a scholar in Jianchang in the Northern Song Dynasty, He, a scholar in Jinshi Department in the Ming Dynasty, Wang Qichao, a famous lotus expert, and Lv Liangfen, a famous agricultural expert in China.

It is particularly worth mentioning that in the 1970s, when US President Nixon visited China, he tasted "rock sugar lotus seeds" in Hangzhou. When he saw the lotus seeds are round and full, the sugar water is crystal clear, there is no sundries, rotten but not broken, and there is no oily smell. It looks like a fat pearl soaked in clear water, and he is full of praise: "This is not food, it is simply a work of art!" " The translator told him that this is a processed "Lianlianlian", which is mature and has the same shape. Don't stir, it will rot to paste if you move. Nixon was puzzled to see the "sugar lotus seeds" steaming on the plate. The translator told him that this "ice" is not real ice, but named after the sugar processed by China people, and its color and shape are like ice cubes. This kind of lotus seed should be eaten while it is hot. Nixon replied with a stiff Chinese smile: "Great, great!" Chew at the mouth, soft and rotten as nectar, the juice flows into the heart, and the bottom of the throat is sweet and lingering. It's really a bit "beautiful beyond words". Nixon called "rock sugar lotus seed" a wonderful product, which is really a wonderful product to relieve summer heat. The story of Nixon and the lotus seed with rock sugar was included in the trip of President China & # 8226; Hangzhou "section.

Party and state leaders Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping also spoke highly of Guangchang's concentricity with An Baili.

1953, Guangchang Anbaili was listed as a national commodity.

1958, Guangchang Anbaili was listed as a national second-class commodity.

196 1 year, the state implemented the purchase of Guangchang Anbaili by replacing sales with prizes.

1978, Guangchang county was approved as Anbaili export base county by Jiangxi Province.

1983, Guangchang An Baili participated in the "Achievements Exhibition of National Export Commodity Production Bases" in Beijing. And received a certificate of honor.

1In May, 1984, the "White Lotus Autumn Breeding Science and Technology Project" jointly completed by Guangchang County Foreign Trade Company and Guangchang County Agriculture Bureau won the second prize of the Ministry of Foreign Trade for scientific and technological achievements.

1984 65438+February, the promotion of "White Hualien" won the third prize of Jiangxi Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Bureau for technical progress.

In February, 1987, Director Liu Yaochuan of Agriculture and Forestry Bureau of State Planning Commission inspected Guangchang, An Baili.

1987 Yugoslav and Macedonian guests visit Guangchang, An Baili. After watching Lian Xiangxing's video, he cheered loudly and said: After returning, he should publicize Guangchang An Baili to Macedonian people.

1988, Guangchang was identified as Anbaili export base county by the State Planning Commission.

1In July, 1989, Guangchang selected 8 lotus varieties to participate in the first Lotus Exhibition and "Beijing Beihai Lotus Art Festival", won the gold medal and was awarded the banner of "Famous Lotus Club Jinghua".

In July, 1990, the Ministry of Commerce designated Guangchang An Baili as the designated food for the 1 1 Asian Games.

1In August, 990, the "First National Purple Lotus Seminar" sponsored by Lotus Branch of China Flower Association was held in Guangchang. At the meeting, 6 excellent papers and 5 popular science works were selected, including 4 excellent papers in Guangchang and 3 popular science works. Five superior varieties of purple lotus were also evaluated, including "Ganlian 85-4" and "Ganlian 85-5" in Guangchang.

1992 10, Guangchang Anbaili won the gold medal in the first China Agricultural Expo.

1At the end of 992, Guangchang An Baili Professional Wholesale Market was completed, and Yang Chengwu, Vice Chairman of CPPCC, wrote the brand name of Guangchang An Baili Market.

1In May, 1993, the pure natural lotus seed juice produced by Guangchang Anbaili was successfully studied by experts Wang Shaolang and Fan Qingsheng, members of medical biochemistry specialty of Jiangxi Biochemical Society, and obtained the national patent of 1997 with the patent number "ZL93 1 16532.6".

In August, 1993, Guangchang An Baili and "Lianzi Tea" both won gold medals at the "China High-quality Agricultural Products and Scientific and Technological Achievements Equipment Exhibition" in Bangkok.

In June, 1994, Guangchang Ambry won the gold medal in the 5th Asia-Pacific International Trade Expo.

1In July, 1994, the Lotus Research Institute of Guangchang County cooperated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences to carry seeds of Guangchang Lotus on China's "940703" recoverable satellite to carry out research on space mutation breeding of lotus.

1in March, 1995, Guangchang county was named as "the hometown of concentric An Baili in China" at the "First Naming Conference of China's Top 100 Specialty Homes" held in the Great Hall of the People.

1In March, 1998, the "Study on Space Mutation Breeding of Lotus Seeds" by Guangchang Lotus Institute was included in the National 863-2 Plan.

1998 September 17, Mao Zhiyong, deputy director of the National Political Department, and Zhang Fengcun, former deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People's Congress, inspected Guangchang An Baili.

1999 The new varieties 1, No.2 and No.3 of Liliaceae in Guangchang County were appraised by Jiangxi Science and Technology Commission, and were recognized as "reaching the domestic leading level". The project name was changed to "Guangchang Space Lotus 1, No.2 and No.3 new varieties (lines)".

1In April, 1999, People's Daily launched a large-scale publicity and promotion activity of "Hometown with China Characteristics", and Guangchang was awarded the title of "Hometown of High-quality White Lotus in China".

1In May, 1999, Guangchang Space Lotus No.3 won the Silver Award for Outdoor Vegetables and the Bronze Award for Indoor Dried Fruits at '99 Kunming World Horticultural Exposition.

19965438+February, Guangchang Lotus Institute's "Liantian Stereoscopic Planting and Breeding Technology Extension System Construction Project" won the second prize of Fuzhou Science and Technology Progress Award.

In June, 2000, representatives of Guangchang County attended the 14th National Lotus Exhibition hosted by Macao at the invitation of Mai Jianzhi, Chairman of Macao Provisional Municipal Council.

In 2002, the project "Breeding of New Varieties of Aerospace An Baili 1, 2, 3" won the first prize of Fuzhou Progress and the second prize of Jiangxi Science and Technology Progress.

In 2002, the "Space Lotus Promotion" project of Guangchang An Baili Research Institute won the second prize of outstanding contribution to agricultural science and education in Jiangxi Province.

Third, the development and sales of Guangchang Anbaili

Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, with the implementation of the household contract responsibility system and the adjustment of planting structure, farmers in Guangchang have shown unprecedented enthusiasm for the development of white lotus production. The production of white lotus in the county has developed rapidly, from planting, producing and processing white lotus in a few towns and villages to 1 1 towns and villages in the county, and almost every household has planted white lotus. From the initial use of fertile land to planting white lotus in front of the door, to planting white lotus in Shan Ye or fields with water as long as there is water. So far, the planting area of white lotus in the county is basically stable at 80,000 mu, with an output value of over 65.438+0.2 billion yuan, which has become the pillar industry of the county economy and the main source of farmers' income.

In the early days of liberation, from 65438 to 0952, the planting area of Guangchang white lotus was 3627 mu, with a total output of 54500 Jin.

1980, with the implementation of the household contract responsibility system and the adjustment of planting structure, the planting area of white lotus in the county increased to 5888 mu, and the total output reached 183200 kg.

1982, farmers' enthusiasm for planting lotus kept rising, and the planting area of white lotus in the county expanded to 12866 mu, with a total output of 537,700 kg.

1985, after the establishment of An Baili scientific research institute, researchers increased the promotion of Anbaili planting technology, and farmers' enthusiasm for developing Anbaili production continued to rise, and the planting area of Anbaili continued to expand, reaching 36,566 mu, with a total output of1527,900 kg.

In the middle and late 1980s, with the popularization of lotus planting technology and the popularization of new lotus varieties "Ganlian 85-4", "Ganlian 85-5" and "Ganlian 62", farmers' enthusiasm for planting lotus was unprecedentedly high, and the lotus planting area was constantly expanding. By 65,438+0,992, the lotus planting area in the county reached 69,000 mu, with a total output of 65,442. 1993, the planting area of white lotus in the county was 79,500 mu, and the total output of white lotus was 2.624 million Jin. Since then, the production of white lotus in Guangchang County has basically formed a planting pattern of 80,000 mu, and the output of white lotus has been continuously improved due to the promotion of new varieties of "space lotus" with high quality and high yield. At present, the annual output of white lotus in the county has basically reached the level of 3.6 million kilograms. Looking forward to the future, with the popularization of new varieties of "space lotus" and the popularization of supporting high-yield cultivation techniques, the average output of white lotus in the county will continue to increase, and it is estimated that the annual output of white lotus in the county will reach 4-4.5 million kilograms.

Due to the remarkable advantages of Guangchang White Lotus, it has always been called "Gonglian" and "the treasure of lotus", which has been selling well at home and abroad.

1936 May19 The Republic of China Daily published an article about the investigation of Yunnan-Hangzhou specialty exhibits in Jiangxi Province, saying: "The products on display belong to Guangchang County and are sold to Changting, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Shantou, Guangzhou, Hankou, Jiujiang, Nanchang and other places, and then resold to Southeast Asian countries through Hong Kong."

After liberation, 1953, Guangchang Anbaili was listed as a national commodity, which was purchased by grass-roots supply and marketing cooperatives.

1958, Guangchang Anbaili was listed as a national second-class commodity.

196 1 year, the state implemented the purchase of Guangchang Anbaili by replacing sales with prizes.

From 65438 to 0976, Guangchang Foreign Trade Company began to be responsible for the planned acquisition and export trade of Anbaili.

1978, Jiangxi Revolutionary Committee approved Guangchang County as Anbaili export base county.

1980 In March, three general managers of Hong Kong Guanglong Bank, Overseas Chinese Federation Bank and Huatai Bank came to Guangchang to discuss business in An Baili. In the same year, Jiangxi Import and Export Corporation approved An Baili, the first and second-class concentric of Guangchang, to attend the export commodities exhibition in the United States.

1983, Guangchang Anbaili was selected as the "National Exhibition of Production Bases for Export Commodities" in Beijing.

1In June, 1985, Jiangxi Native Produce Company held Tongxin An Baili Export Fair in Guangchang, and held Anbaili Export Fair every year for many years. In the same year, Jiangxi Provincial Department of Commerce allocated 80,000 yuan to Guangchang County Supply and Marketing Cooperative to build an Anbaili sealed warehouse.

1988, Guangchang county was identified as Anbaili export base county by the State Planning Commission.

Before 1983, Guangchang Anbaili was listed as the second-class agricultural and sideline products in Jiangxi Province, and planned acquisition and distribution were combined. The export was purchased by Guangchang Foreign Trade Company, sent to Jiangxi Foreign Trade Company and resold to Hong Kong, Macao, Singapore, Malaysia, Canada and the United States.

After 1983, the state cancelled the acquisition plan for Anbaili and conducted acquisition negotiations. State-owned enterprises, supply and marketing cooperatives, private enterprises, self-employed individuals and Dutch farmers can all operate. Before 1988, state-owned businesses, supply and marketing cooperatives and foreign trade companies were still the main channels for Anbaili to operate, accounting for more than 80% of the total sales, of which exports were still purchased by county foreign trade companies and sent to provincial foreign trade companies for export. During this period, Ambry's annual export volume reached 80- 180 tons.

Since 1989, individual and private enterprises have sprung up and become the main force of Anbaili management, with annual sales accounting for more than 60% of the total sales.

199 1 year, the county government invested 4.27 million yuan to build a professional wholesale market for white lotus, which was fully completed and put into use in 1993, attracting and promoting individual and private entrepreneurs to invest and operate white lotus, and developing more than 40 large-scale white lotus businesses, with annual sales accounting for more than 80% of the total output of white lotus in the county, with sales outlets all over the province except Tibet and Taiwan Province Province. There are nearly 10,000 sales outlets, and merchants from Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, coastal areas, Hong Kong and Macao have transported Ambry to more than 20 countries and regions such as Singapore, Japan, Canada, the United States and Europe, with sales revenue exceeding 65.438+0.2 billion yuan.