The meaning of association
Incidence refers to the frequency of new cases of a certain disease in a certain population in a certain period of time. It is a measure of the impact of diseases on people's health and describes the distribution of diseases.
Incidence can be used to reflect the impact of diseases on people's health. A high incidence rate means that the disease has a great impact on health, and a low incidence rate means that the disease has a small impact on health. Incidence can be used to describe the distribution of diseases. By comparing the incidence of people with different characteristics, we can explore the causes of the disease and evaluate the prevention and control measures.
Calculation method of incidence rate
Incidence rate = (the number of new cases of a certain disease in a certain period/the number of exposed people in the same period)? K
K= 100%、 1000？ , 10000/ million or 100000/65438+ million, etc.
The observation time unit can be determined according to the characteristics of the diseases and research problems studied, usually expressed in years.
Numerator and associated denominator
Determination of molecules
Molecule is the number of new cases in a certain period (year, season, month). If a person has multiple episodes during the observation period, it should be recorded as the number of new cases, such as influenza and diarrhea. For some diseases whose onset time is difficult to determine, the initial diagnosis time can be taken as the onset time, such as malignant tumor and mental illness.
Determination of denominator
The denominator is the number of people exposed in the same period. Exposed people refer to people who may get sick in the observation area. Those who are unlikely to get sick again (such as those who have been infected with infectious diseases or gained immunity due to vaccination) should not be included in the denominator in theory, but it is difficult to distinguish these people in practice.
When describing the incidence of a disease in a certain area, the denominator is mostly the average population of the area during that period, so it is necessary to indicate that the denominator is the average population. If the observation time is in years, it can be the sum of the population at the beginning of the year and the population at the end of the year divided by 2, or it can be expressed by the population in the middle of the year (0: 00 on July 0, 65438 +0).
Difference between prevalence and incidence
The molecule of prevalence rate is the number of new and old cases of a certain disease in a certain population at a certain time. Whether it is a new disease or an old disease, as long as the disease does not heal within a certain period of time, it is recorded as the number of cases. The molecule of incidence rate is the number of new cases among exposed people in a certain period of time. Who among exposed people has a new disease is called what? New case? .
Prevalence rate is the frequency of diseases obtained through cross-sectional survey, which is usually used to reflect the prevalence rate of chronic diseases with a long course of disease and its impact on people's health. Incidence is the frequency of diseases obtained from incidence reports or cohort studies, which is usually used to reflect the emergence of new cases.
Make sentences with events
1. In order to avoid misfortune, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control plan of AIDS and tuberculosis in areas with high incidence of AIDS-related tuberculosis.
2. According to statistics, its incidence accounts for more than half of gynecological outpatients, especially married and frail women.
3. The incidence of penile cancer in men undergoing surgery is also very low.
Our goal is to determine the incidence of this asymptomatic urinary tract infection. Medical history and laboratory data confirm that infants with jaundice before the age of 8 are related to urinary tract infection.
5. cretinism leads to a high incidence of mental defects and mental disorders.
6. We have observed a decrease in the incidence of serious ear infections, such as pneumococcal encephalomyelitis in children and adults, and a decrease in the number of children with frequent ear infections.
7. In recent years, the incidence of jellyfish dermatitis has increased, with serious skin damage and diverse clinical symptoms.
It is reported that the incidence of hypertension with embryonal nephroma varies greatly.
9. In many countries, the decline of male fertility and the increase of the incidence of testicular cancer are a common trend.
The incidence of seasonal influenza in Brookings and this state is very low this year.
1 1. With the increase of life expectancy, the incidence of skin itching in the elderly is also increasing.
12, the top 5 injury sites are lumbar disc herniation, lumbar spondylolysis, spinous process deviation, lumbar dislocation and lumbar muscle strain; Most injuries occur in the preparation stage before important events.
13. The fruits pollinated by vibration developed normally and the incidence of gray mold was extremely low.
14. The incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia, meningitis and septicemia diagnosed by laboratory examination is half lower.
A survey shows that the incidence of breast cancer has tripled.
16. As a disease that occurs mostly in middle-aged and elderly people, the incidence rate of males is higher than that of females, with a ratio of 3:2.
17. Hypertension is more and more harmful to health. The better the living standard, the higher the incidence. Eating and drinking is a blessing to enjoy wine and meat, blood sugar and blood lipid rise, body gain weight and blood pressure rise. National Hypertension Day, I wish you to shut up and exercise regularly!
18. Among the active national men's volleyball players, the highest incidence rate is knee injury and waist injury, and the strain and acute injury of ankle joint, wrist joint, shoulder joint, knuckles and muscles are more common.
19, the incidence of amyloidosis is very low, but the cause is not very clear. The existing treatment methods are helpful for patients to relieve symptoms and control the production of amyloid.
20. Congestive heart failure is a heart disease with high morbidity and mortality.
2 1. Methods According to the epidemic monitoring data of Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2008, epidemiological analysis was carried out to calculate the incidence and composition.
22. In order to reduce the incidence rate, bivalent vaccine should be selected for vaccination in mixed epidemic areas dominated by Apodemus agrarius.
23. In China, there are more than 2 million patients with Parkinson's disease over 55 years old, and the incidence of Parkinson's disease among people over 60 years old is about 1%.
24, 4 1 1 A urologist in the hospital said that the incidence of various male diseases such as prostate disease and infertility is on the rise.
25. This theory is difficult to test in pregnant women. Therefore, they provide mice with food that lacks protein. As expected, the incidence of type 2 diabetes in young mice is very high.
26. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence and mortality of ventricular tachycardia after PVR repair of tetralogy of Fallot, so as to confirm whether PVR can improve the incidence and mortality of ventricular tachycardia.
27. Although larvicides have been distributed in 94 areas since 2002, logistic regression analysis shows that there is no correlation between intervention measures and the incidence of dengue fever.
28. Ozone Ozone is really a treasure, which can maintain the beauty of the earth's environment, block harmful substances in space, get interested in beautiful scenery, isolate harmful ultraviolet rays, reduce the incidence of skin diseases, take care of ozone on Ozone Protection Day, and protect our home!
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