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The Historical Origin of Tujia People's Weeping Wedding Songs
On the day when Lingnan married a girl, the couple sat in a temple decorated with ornaments, and the girls also decorated it with clips. They sang to each other, feeling sad and paying attention to each other. On their wedding day, they said they would not be friends and send them to grow old together. His songs, too, are sung by Su Mu beggars in Jingjiang, and by Man Moon Circle in Qin, all of which are improvised and refuse to follow suit, among which there are many excellent works. Send all the old people away in the middle of the night, and the men of the township party go to watch, or sing songs and female companions in the dense crowd. The female companions know who they are and sing to answer them. Hiding from poor families often leads to disputes or commitments.

In the Qing Dynasty, some local chronicles recorded the crying wedding songs. For example, during the Jiaqing period, he asked Hunan's "Ningyuan County Governance" Volume II, which recorded the popularity of crying wedding songs in five counties in the south of the province:

Ning custom: The night before you marry a woman, there is wine and women get together to sing. Song Que, mother and daughter, and all the old uncles and nephews cried around one after another until they got to the Ministry. I don't know when this wind started. Tao, Ning, Yong, Jiang and Xin Wuzhou are exactly the same.

During the reign of Guangxu in the late Qing Dynasty, the Records of Qianjiang County in Guangxi had three volumes:

Three days before the wedding, the woman invited relatives and friends to sing all night, which was called "farewell song" to express her feelings for her parents and brothers. Also known as "sending old songs", it is said that it is a cousin and it is also sent to the elderly.

After the early years of the Republic of China, there were many records about crying wedding songs, such as Hu Pu 'an's China Folk Customs, Liu's Guangzhou Old Wedding Customs, Wang Xingrui's Qiongya Island Folk Customs, Huang Zhanmei's Guiping County Records and various customs, wedding customs and local records after liberation. "Judging from the content of the wedding song, it involves a lot of feudal social life, and it should be really mature and used in this period. In modern times, the custom of crying marriage is particularly serious, and there is a saying that "the more you cry, the more you cry." "After the Republic of China, China society has undergone earth-shaking changes, the old marriage and family system has also changed, and the crying wedding song has also lost its survival soil and gradually disappeared. In modern society, there are only remnants in some remote areas where traffic is blocked, backward and poor.

The Tujia minority areas in Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Chongqing and Guizhou are located at the junction of the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It starts from Daba Mountain in the north, passes through Wushan in the middle, passes through Wuling Mountain in the south and ends in Nanling, which is a cultural sedimentary belt. Many ancient cultural phenomena have disappeared or are on the verge of extinction in other places, but there are still traces in this place. "Crying wedding songs are one of them. Today, in remote mountain villages, there are still girls crying when they get married. Although the custom of crying marriage was once popular in the local area, there is still a legacy of crying marriage, but there are few documents about Tujia crying marriage songs. The earliest thing that can be seen now is Peng Qiutan (1748 ~ 1808), a famous Tujia poet in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. He recorded: "The song of ten sisters, the love of relatives, the injury and parting, is full of voices and tears. "There will be a Zhi Zhu's word:

The songs of the ten sisters are so sad, don't be so tearful.

Ningxiang is close to Wushan Gorge, just like Ba Niang singing bamboo branches.

If Tujia brides don't cry when they get married, it means they are not filial to their parents and have no attachment. Tujia people have a legend that "a girl can cry but not sing, and no one expects her". Singing wedding songs has become a standard to measure a woman's virtue. Therefore, Tujia girls will not cry and get married, but will be laughed at. Weeping wedding songs have a long history and are literary treasures created collectively by girls of all ages.

According to the Biography of Nanman Southwest Yi in the late Han Dynasty and Sinan County Records in the Ming Dynasty, Tujia people flourished here after Qin and Han Dynasties. In ancient times, Tujia marriage was relatively free. As long as both men and women are willing and get the permission of Tujia teachers, they can get engaged and get married. With the development of feudal ethics, Tujia's free marriage, like other ethnic groups, has been gradually replaced by arranged marriage, emphasizing conditions such as "parents' orders, matchmakers' words" and "matching families". At the same time, the phenomenon of crying marriage derived from Tujia girls' dissatisfaction with arranged marriage has gradually emerged and developed into a rich cultural phenomenon. It was not until after liberation that the phenomenon of arranged marriage was basically curbed. No matter how the form of marriage develops, Tujia girls shed tears of joy and sadness before marriage, but they never change. Even today, with frequent ethnic exchanges and rapid cultural infiltration, Tujia girls should present a series of sad wedding songs to relatives and friends in he qing before getting married.