Six or seven thousand years ago, an ancient painted pottery culture appeared in China. In archaeological terms, pottery with painted patterns was found in Yangshao, Majiayao and Dawenkou cultures in Neolithic China. That is, on the surface of the pottery embryo, animal and plant image patterns or geometric patterns drawn with red and black pigments are applied. It adheres to the surface after firing and is not easy to fall off, so it is called painted pottery. There are also pottery painted after firing, but the paintings fall off easily. Most of them are painted pottery after firing.

Painted pottery culture is a representative culture in the early and middle Neolithic period, and there are many themes of flower painting, which are mostly related to people's economic life and belief worship at that time. Among them, painted pottery in Yangshao culture and Majiayao culture is the most representative.

In the period of painted pottery culture, the pottery-making technology was mainly hand-made, and many methods were used, such as kneading plastic and rolling clay strips. It is fired in a horizontal cave, and the fire chamber of the cave is located in the front and lower part of the cave. In the later period of painted pottery culture, vertical caves were used, that is, the fire chamber was located below the kiln chamber, and the firing temperature of painted pottery was generally 900~ 1050℃. Generally, the kiln top is not sealed when firing. Because the clay contains iron compounds, it is oxidized at high temperature, and the pottery tire is red, also known as red pottery. After the improvement of pottery kiln and the progress of firing technology, it was gradually replaced by gray pottery and black pottery.

Extended data:

Types of painted pottery:

1, Banpo painted pottery

The early decorative patterns of Banpo painted pottery are mostly scattered compositions. That is to say, in the shape of a device, decoration often occupies only a small part of the surface of the device, and the pattern is generally the reproduction of natural form. The image of Banpo decorative pattern is lovely, which shows the innocence of human childhood and the cordial relationship with nature. If you appreciate it carefully, you can feel the integration of man and nature, which can be said to be a record of the original life of Banpo people.

2. Painted pottery in Miaodigou

Miaodigou painted pottery mainly includes pots, bowls and cans. There are also gourd-shaped bottles similar to Banpo in the early and middle stages.

Miaodigou painted pottery is much more mature than Banpo. The dots, lines and surfaces are properly matched, and the space is spacious and bright. Lively points and lines are interspersed between curved surfaces, which makes the pattern have a distinct sense of rhythm and a strong sense of rhythm. The continuous organizational structure of the two sides is the concretization of the beat, which makes it more musical. This reflects the original calm and calm mentality.

3. Painted pottery of Majiayao culture

Majiayao culture pottery industry is very developed, and its painted pottery inherits the hearty style of Yangshao culture temple bottom ditch, but its performance is more detailed, forming a gorgeous and elegant artistic style, which has further developed than Yangshao culture and reached the peak of artistic achievement. Most pottery is formed by the method of clay lath construction. Pottery is orange, and the surface of pottery is polished very delicately.

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