Time: April 0, 20061number of readers: 887

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In the past, pest control was to eliminate pests and pathogenic microorganisms. This view is deeply rooted in most people's minds. From the viewpoint of sustainable development, we must update this old concept and tolerate the existence of harmful organisms. We should not only pay attention to killing pests, but also pay attention to regulation, as long as the harm can be controlled without affecting the ornamental effect of plants.

Keywords: integrated management strategy of garden pests and diseases

In the past, pest control was to eliminate pests and pathogenic microorganisms, which was deeply rooted in most people's minds. From the viewpoint of sustainable development, we must update this old concept and tolerate the existence of harmful organisms. We should not only pay attention to killing pests, but also pay attention to regulation, as long as the harm can be controlled without affecting the ornamental effect of plants.

In the urban landscape ecology managed by human beings, there are quite complicated relationships among human beings, plants, pests, environmental conditions and natural enemies, and the change of any one factor will directly or indirectly affect the whole landscape plant ecosystem. From the ecological point of view, create unfavorable conditions for the occurrence of pests and diseases, reduce or not use chemical pesticides, protect natural enemies, improve the ability to control nature, and maintain the stability of garden ecology.

Therefore, we should fully consider ecological balance, social security, control effect and economic benefits, relax control indicators, and control pests within the allowable harm range when formulating the prevention and control countermeasures of garden pests at this stage. Based on this, our plant protection work must be based on plant quarantine and protection management, actively carry out biological and physical control, rationally use chemical pesticides, and coordinate various control methods.

1. Isolate the plants.

When transporting seedlings and flowers, strict plant quarantine should be carried out. If pests are found, they should be treated with pesticides, and in severe cases, they should be destroyed to prevent the introduction of new pests and diseases, so as not to bring greater losses to landscaping.

2. Do a good job in the planting planning of urban garden plants.

Rational allocation of plant varieties on the basis of urban beautification should pay attention to solving the long-term problem of pests and diseases. In view of the serious species of pests in this area, we should reduce the planting of plants that like to eat, plant more plants that are resistant to pests or have strong tolerance, and reduce the suitable hosts for pests.

3. Strengthen conservation management and improve the resilience of plants.

The occurrence and harm of pests and diseases are related to the growth potential of plants to a considerable extent. Fertilize, water, loosen the soil and weed in time to improve the plant's ability to resist pests and diseases, and prune in autumn and winter to remove branches infected with pests and diseases. This can not only regulate plant nutrients, but also reduce the source of pests and diseases, enhance the tree potential through ventilation and light transmission, and create environmental conditions that are not conducive to the overwintering, reproduction and harm of pests and diseases.

4. Popularize and apply pollution-free prevention and control technology.

(1) Protect and utilize natural enemies for biological control.

Biological control has a lasting control effect on pests and diseases, and the effect is remarkable. Once natural enemies have established their own population in the field, they can control pests for a long time, which is beyond the reach of chemical pesticides. Cities have the conditions for biological control. First, there are many kinds of urban garden plants, which are suitable for the survival and reproduction of natural enemies. Strengthen the utilization and protection of natural enemies, minimize the use of chemical pesticides, and create conditions conducive to the development of natural enemy communities. Second, urban buildings divide the "island ecology" formed by garden vegetation, which is conducive to releasing natural enemies. At present, some developed countries have strengthened the legislation and management of plant protection and established new management standards for plant protection. In particular, biological control technology, as an important measure of sustainable plant protection, has been applied and popularized in many countries and regions and achieved good results. There are many companies that produce and sell natural enemies of pests, and biological control is gradually developing towards industrialization.

(2) Choose to use biological pesticides

Biological pesticides can effectively protect natural enemies and eliminate pests in the process of pest control, with little harm to people and animals and little pollution to the environment. Compared with chemical pesticides, it has a lasting control effect on pests and diseases. For example, we use Bt emulsion to control the locust, and spraying it twice a year can control its harm, while each generation of pests must be controlled by chemical pesticides more than twice. 1987, the garden plant Hyphantria cunea occurred in Zhengzhou, causing great harm. The application of ultra-low spray of diflubenzuron, a biological pesticide, achieved a control effect of over 98%, which completely controlled the recurrence of the insect. The main reason is that it not only eliminates pests, but also protects natural enemies. In addition to Bt emulsion and clofenuron, biological pesticides such as Huabao and Nicotine Permeate produced in recent years are the first choice to control garden pests and diseases.

5. Rational use of chemical pesticides

Chemical control can only be carried out in an emergency. Target control should be carried out. Try to choose chemicals with strong selectivity, low toxicity and little environmental pollution, and use less or no broad-spectrum chemical pesticides. Drug varieties and mixed formulas should be changed frequently to prevent pests from developing drug resistance. The application methods should also be stem coating, root application and injection to reduce environmental pollution.

6. Improve pesticide application technology.

At present, conventional spraying methods are mostly used in urban pest control. According to estimates, only 25% ~ 50% of the pesticides sprayed by the conventional applicator can be deposited on plant leaves, and less than 1% of the pesticides can be deposited on the target pests, and only 0.03% of the pesticides can play an insecticidal role. This application method is not only inefficient, resulting in pesticide waste, but also makes a large number of pesticides lose to non-target environment, causing human and animal poisoning and polluting the environment. Therefore, we must improve the application technology of chemical pesticides (especially spraying), improve the utilization rate of pesticides, reduce the dosage of pesticides in non-target environments, and protect the environment on which we live.