Then, what is task-driven composition, what is the connection and difference with previous compositions, and how to write this composition well?
Task-driven composition or material composition.
The formulation of "task-driven composition" comes from an article by Zhang Kai, a teacher in the Examination Center of the Ministry of Education, which focuses on the design of question types and strengthens the educational function-an interpretation of the composition characteristics and related issues of the 2065438+05 college entrance examination. In this paper, the author formally puts forward the concept of adding task-driven instruction to material composition by analyzing the propositional characteristics of composition in 20 15 college entrance examination, especially in the new curriculum standard:
On the basis of materials that stimulate candidates' thinking and writing desire, by increasing task-based instructions, the function of writing guided by test questions is brought into play, and the pertinence of writing is enhanced, so that candidates can identify key concepts in real situations and conduct reasoning and argumentation in multi-dimensional comparison.
From the above text, we can know that task-driven composition only adds task-driven instructions on the basis of materials, and defines the tasks to be written. For example, volume 20 15 1 tells the story of a daughter reporting her father's driving and calling, and asks candidates to choose an object and write a letter. Another example is the second volume of the 20 15 curriculum standard, which lists the deeds of Theory of Three Represents's characters and asks what kind of people's views are more praised. The material narration of these two composition questions is no different from the usual material composition, except that a task-based writing requirement is added. It can be seen that the so-called task-driven composition is not an independent form of composition proposition, and the composition of college entrance examination has not changed.
So what is "add task instruction"? What is the connection and difference between the material composition with task instructions and the previous material composition? This should start with the essence of college entrance examination composition.
As a selective examination, the basic function of college entrance examination is to select talents with academic potential for universities. This fundamental goal determines that the proposition of college entrance examination composition tends to let students write compositions, and universities certainly hope that the recruited students have good potential to do academic papers.
The composition proposition of college entrance examination tends to let students write compositions, and whether it is academic papers or what we usually call teaching argumentative papers, in essence, we should follow the writing idea of asking questions, analyzing problems and solving problems, that is, under the premise of mastering certain facts, predecessors' achievements and other materials, we should ask questions about materials, that is, ask questions and propose methods to solve problems through scientific thinking, analysis, induction and deduction.
In fact, the propositional form of college entrance examination composition materials has coincided with such requirements. Given the material, candidates are required to ask questions on the basis of fully grasping the connotation of the material, and finally give solutions through their own analysis and reasoning. In other words, there are problems in the propositional form of material composition, that is, material composition is task-driven, just to stimulate students' thinking and innovation, and the writing task is not clearly stated.
Judging from the essential requirements of material composition, the so-called task-driven composition, adding task instructions on the basis of material, can be said to be superfluous. If the task description is not properly added, it will also constrain the examinee's multi-angle thinking. What is the intention of this change from the implicit task instruction of traditional material composition to the task instruction given by task-driven material composition is worth discussing. The reason given by Zhang Kai in the article is that this is a kind of achievement of material composition after years of development and maturity. On the contrary, Lao Xu thinks that if the material composition is really mature, it should have a higher and higher level in the open and restrictive treatment of the proposition, rather than the conservative practice of adding a task description at the back of the material.
Material composition is essentially a propositional form with limited writing angle. Why should we limit our tasks to this propositional form now? I think the reason is that the inherent requirements of material composition proposition have not been effectively implemented in recent years, and the development of material composition proposition is becoming more and more mature. Material composition has become a national trend, but the current situation of students' writing level and ability does not match it, and even the marking standards in many provinces have remained at more than ten years ago. In this situation and pattern, the education authorities have to choose to take three steps back, from the source of the essential requirements of the material composition proposition, by adding task instructions to the composition materials, to intervene in the writing process of candidates and the formulation of examination marking standards, thus playing a real guiding role.
This inference is not a guess. We can draw such a conclusion by analyzing the negative side of task-driven composition.
The antonym of task-driven composition is topic composition.
When we don't know the true meaning of a concept, it is a very good way to analyze its opposite. If you want to know what task-driven composition is, let's first look at what non-task-driven composition is. Teacher Zhang Kai divided the composition types as follows: from the presentation form, the college entrance examination composition often adopts three basic types of questions: topic composition, topic composition and material composition; From the perspective of ability division, composition questions can be divided into explanatory composition and task-driven composition. Title composition and topic composition are both representatives of explanatory composition.
As can be seen from the above division, the opposite of task-driven composition is not material composition, but explanatory topic composition and title composition. In other words, task-driven composition itself is the core competence requirement of material composition. However, in recent years, although the material composition dominates the world, the articles written by students, the teaching of many front-line teachers, and even the marking standards of college entrance examinations in some areas still use the standards of explanatory topic composition.
Let's first take a look at the general writing routines of many high school students. When they are faced with a composition material, the general practice is to dig out a so-called keyword from the material, such as "innovation", and then use "innovation" at the beginning of the article to make a set of sentences that look very imposing. The main body of the article cited three or five examples to say that Zhang San is innovative.