As a talented girl next door, she got pregnant before she got married. No relatives, strangers, crying and leaving. It is achieved without inspection, and it is the same. In fact, Ruan Ji's behavior is a contempt for hypocritical ethics, which shows his understanding of women and his undefended mentality. This kind of "undefended" was a channel for men and women to communicate freely at that time. For example, Ruan Ji's sister-in-law went back to her family, and Ruan Ji said goodbye to her. According to the custom at that time, her uncle and sister-in-law could not ask. For this reason, some people said that he didn't obey the ceremony, but Ruan Ji ignored it and said, "Is the ceremony for our generation?" Does it mean that moral norms are set up to imprison themselves? This sentence actually points out that ethics should not be a barrier between men and women. Ruan Ji's criticism of ethics does not mean defending indulgence, but removing obstacles between the two directions. For another example, Xun Yu is his son, but his thoughts and manners are quite different from his father's. Xun's family was an aristocratic family in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, an important figure in Cao Cao's group, and also an important town of gentry in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. His son Xun Can listened to Zhuangzi. He once said publicly that women mainly please men with their looks and emotions, not limited to their ability and ability. Shi Shuo Xin Yu&; Middot's "Confusion and Drowning" records that Xun and his wife were faithful, and the woman was sick and hot in winter, so she went out to cool herself in the atrium and ironed herself. "The woman died and died when she was young. Xun Can married the daughter of General Cao Hong, whose wife was beautiful and gentle, and was deeply loved by him. When his beloved wife suffered from fever, Xun can was laughed at by people at that time without hesitation. In order to cool his beloved wife physically, he actually cooled himself outdoors in winter, and then ironed his wife to cool down and drive away heat. However, his wife died soon, and Xun can also died of grief.

This anecdote records the pain of one of the most affectionate men in the Middle Ages after the death of his beloved wife. Shi Shuo Xin Yu uses the word "confused drowning" to summarize this behavior. On the surface, it seems to criticize the indulgence of these celebrities, but actually secretly admire their debauchery, which also reflects the author Liu Yiqing's ethics and aesthetics. Of course, the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties witnessed the phenomenon of * * * among many royal aristocrats, but it is not the same as the celebrity demeanor we are talking about here. Celebrities in Wei and Jin dynasties cultivated their temperament and liberated their individuality in the natural landscape. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, gentry and local tyrants from north to south occupied Shan Ye extensively and opened up new wild wasteland. For example, Yongjia, a famous landscape poet in Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, was once a satrap and developed only after he crossed the south. Now the famous Wenzhou nanxi river scenic spot in Zhejiang belongs to this place. The gentry turned the newly developed land in the south of the Yangtze River into manors and territories, as an inherent property handed down from generation to generation. In the management of natural forest farms, they deliberately developed in the pastoral direction, which not only "achieved the beauty of seclusion" (Song Shu&; Middot Xie Lingyun Biography "), and" Preparing for Going to America "("Southern History &; Middot's Biography of Wang Yuzhi). Shi Chong and Pan Yue in the Western Jin Dynasty, Wang Xizhi and Xu Xun in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Xie Lingyun in the Song Dynasty all wrote poems about their manors. In the Preface to Yuefu Miscellaneous Poems written by Lu in the Tang Dynasty, he once said that "mountains and rivers are full of clouds, and he was born in Jiangzuo", pointing out the fact that landscape literature flourished in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

On the left bank of the Yangtze River, the literati enjoyed themselves in the beautiful southern waters of the Yangtze River. Xie An invited Wang Xizhi and others to travel with geisha in eastern Zhejiang today, saying, "I should die with joy!" Wei Jin people who like to make it clear like to make it clear. There used to be a saying that "it is wrong for the country to make it clear". Shi Shuo Xin Yu is a note sketch compiled by Liu Yiqing, the king of Linchuan in Liu and Song Dynasties in Southern Dynasties, which mainly records the anecdotes of celebrities from the late Eastern Han Dynasty to Wei and Jin Dynasties. It is a famous note sketch of the Six Dynasties, which records the talk of celebrities at that time and shows their ideological style. Among the contemporary aesthetician Zong Baihua's Aesthetic Walk, there is an article on Shi Shuo Xin Yu and the beauty of Jin people, and at the end of the article, there is an analysis of speech, in which he commented: "The speech of Wei Jin people, which was criticized by later generations, originated from what Wang Dao called &; Lsquo* * * on irrationality &; rsquo。 Ji Kang said in Fu Qin:&; Lsquo is not the best person and can't reason with him&; Rsquo, & amplsquo You must have logical thinking, reason and conscience, and a passion for truth. Wang Bi, a great thinker who died young, is such a figure. " Mr. Zong Baihua spoke highly of Qingtan and Wang Bi. I think the motive force of metaphysics and talking openly lies in the fusion of human nature and wisdom, which is the expression of Wei and Jin demeanor and has an important reference for our modern spiritual life.

Judging from the existing research on Shi Shuo Xin Yu; Middot literature ",at that time, there were both relaxed and humorous conversations and many fierce and interesting debates. For example, people are familiar with the following record: Sun Anguo went to Yin to talk about Xu * * *, and suffered against its essence, and it was difficult to tell the host from the guest. Eat left and right, four cold and warm people. I shook my tail hard, and it fell off, full of rice. The host and guests will never forget to eat. Yin Nai said to Sun, "Don't talk fast, I want to pierce your nose!" " Sun said, "If you can't see the bull's nose, you should put on your thick skin!" " This story is about the argument between Sun Chuo and Xu Xun. Both of them are experts who speak clearly, and it is difficult to distinguish between high and low when they argue that they forget to eat. The waiter heated it several times and still didn't eat it. Finally, they simply quarreled and got angry, but after all, they were celebrities, so quarreling words became famous sentences. From this, we can feel the bitterness and truth of celebrity talk. In conversation, under the stimulation of various reasons, the speaker will come up with new ideas, which are similar to those of Zen Buddhism in later generations and are often incomparable when writing. Shi Shuo Xin Yu&; There are many such records in middot literature. For example: "People ask Yin:&; Why does lsquo dream of coffins when he arrives at the place and filth when he arrives at the money? & amprsquo Yin Yue:&; Lsquo officials stink and rot, and they will get coffins and dream corpses; Money is dirty, so you will get it and dream dirty dreams. & amprsquo At that time, people thought it was famous. " The "Tong Ming" mentioned here is actually the feeling created by the machine front, which is often not available under normal thinking.

In the dialogue, the emergence of ideas, the connection of feelings and interests, opened a precedent for the wonderful understanding of Zen. The literary activities at that time became the sublimation of literati's life spirit. Cao Zhi's Ode to the Goddess of Luo, Ruan Ji's Poem of Chanting to the Heart, Ji Kang's Poem of Wandering Immortals and Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden are all manifestations of their aesthetic psychology of pursuing freedom. Scholars in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties believe that only in aesthetic and artistic activities can people get spiritual transcendence and psychological comfort. The poems written by Wang Xizhi and celebrities in Lanting are full of sighs about life through enjoying the scenery and talking about * * *, which is exactly the same as the theme of Jingu Poetry Society initiated by Shi Chong in the Western Jin Dynasty: "Eternity of feeling and fear of decline". The literary criticism in Wei and Jin dynasties pays attention to people's life experience and analyzes the characteristics and functions of literature from all levels of life activities. Not only has there been a fundamental breakthrough in point of view, but also a new idea of combining life activities with literary criticism is put forward in theoretical method. Cao Pi's Classical Theory &; Middot's papers in the Southern Dynasties, Lu Ji's Wen Fu, Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long and Zhong Rong's Shi Pin pay attention to drawing literary criticism from vivid real life, not just deducing literary criticism from Confucian classics, which is also an important feature that distinguishes literary criticism in the Six Dynasties from official literary criticism in the Han Dynasty. Of course, in the Southern Dynasties after Wei and Jin Dynasties, that is, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen Dynasties, the status of the clan declined. Most of the founding monarchs and ministers of the Southern Dynasties started from Han Su, and some of them were scoundrels themselves. Once these people suddenly become rich, they are more greedy than those who stabilize the clan. For example, when Liang Jiang Yuhong was an official, he did his utmost to be extravagant and extravagant, and even publicly declared: "I have four things for the county:&; The fish and turtles in lsquo water are exhausted, the deer in the mountains are exhausted, the rice in the fields is exhausted, and the villagers are exhausted.

A husband is like a speck of dust, a weak grass. Life is just joy, when is wealth? & amprsquo "Liang's corrupt official exposed the mentality of bureaucrats at the end of the Six Dynasties, which is similar to today's great greed and has nothing to do with Wei and Jin demeanor. Finally, say some inspiration. Modern China is a bit like the transitional period of Wei and Jin Dynasties. People don't believe in the old spiritual values, but the new things have not been accepted by us. This is not worth worrying too much, but the most worrying thing is the lack of spiritual pursuit. If you are willing to fall without the pursuit spirit of Wei and Jin Dynasties, the consequences will be unimaginable. In addition, modern China is in a globalized environment, and the values of industrialization and material supremacy, coupled with the official-based system, make people despise the value of spirit and fall into the oppression of power and money. In fact, Tao Yuanming, the representative figure of Wei and Jin Dynasties, still had this spirit, but it is rare today. Although we are helpless, we can still adjust ourselves in spiritual interests, life values and lifestyle. In the process of doing good, our life has been enriched and our psychology has been freed. We improved our way of life. Wang Guowei said: "The action of building people's hearts is bound up with their own interests. Beauty itself is a thing, which makes people forget their own interests and enter a noble realm. "(the purpose of education) Liang Qichao pointed out in the 1920s:" The instinct to love beauty is shared by all of us. But the sensory organs are not commonly used or will not be used, and they will become numb over time. When a person is numb, that person becomes a boring person; When a nation is numb, it becomes a boring nation. The role of art is to restore this numbness and turn boring into fun. " (Art and Life) How much these words inspire the life of our generation, we should always think about it. (The author of this article is Yuan Jixi, vice president of the School of Chinese Studies, Renmin University of China. This article is based on the author's lecture on Chinese studies at the National People's Congress. )