The innovation of public administration culture is of great practical significance for promoting the reform of public administration system, reducing the implementation cost of public administration policies and shaping the image of modern government. This requires that the innovation of public administration culture must realize the fundamental transformation of participatory, service-oriented and rule-based administrative culture, and build China's 2 1 by establishing basic concepts such as benefit, service, openness, credit and team learning.
Keywords: administrative culture; Public administration system; reform
First, the practical significance of cultural innovation in public administration
Public administration culture is the soul of public administration, the internal power to guide, standardize and restrain the motives and behaviors of administrative subjects or administrative objects, and the sum of administrative psychology, administrative thoughts and administrative ethics that people have in the process of engaging in public administration activities. Public administration culture must respond or improve with the changes of administrative environment and administrative system, that is, to realize the innovation of public administration culture. With the arrival of the new economic era and China's entry into WTO, the internal and external environment of China's public administration is developing and changing with globalization, knowledge and informationization, so it is of great practical significance to strengthen the cultural innovation of public administration.
1, the innovation of public administration culture is the psychological basis to promote the reform of administrative system. Douglas? 6? 1 north believes that system is a rule to adjust human behavior, and it is a series of rules, law-abiding procedures and ethical norms of behavior. With the advent of the new economic era, China, as a member of the WTO, the existence of competition forces administrative organizations to modify their institutional framework to improve their competitive position, that is, to carry out administrative system reform, that is, the process of substitution, transformation and transaction from one more efficient administrative system to another. However, North also believes that the belief system determines people's values and affects people's institutional choices. In order to make the institutional change successful, the belief system must change with the system. The reform of administrative system is inseparable from the innovation of administrative culture, which is the psychological basis to promote the reform of administrative system. Only when people clearly realize the disadvantages of the old administrative system and the superiority of the ideal administrative system, and change their administrative thoughts, values, feelings and attitudes in time, and innovate and reform their administrative culture, will people actively observe, choose, adopt and formulate new administrative systems and policies, so as to make the administrative system reform more scientific and effective and make it easier for people to understand and support it. Otherwise, if people's ideas and values are not innovated, they will not be able to promote the reform of the administrative system, or even "have policies at the top and countermeasures at the bottom", resist the reform and promotion of the administrative system, and increase the transaction cost of the administrative system reform.
2. The innovation of public administration culture is an effective means to reduce the cost of public policy implementation. The so-called * * * policy implementation cost refers to the sum of manpower, material resources, financial resources, time and other expenses consumed in the whole process of policy implementation, also known as "policy operation cost". It includes both direct actual consumption and indirect wealth loss, especially the resources consumed by the executive departments in the process of policy implementation, as well as the losses caused by the policy objects resisting and weakening the implementation efficiency and increasing policy input. Strengthening the innovation of administrative culture is conducive to reducing the cost of policy implementation. Policymakers and executors can change their ideas in time, emancipate their minds, seek truth from facts, keep pace with the times, clearly understand the social development trend and the social problems that need to be solved urgently at present, and scientifically formulate reasonable and effective public policies, which will help policy executors deepen their understanding of public policies, thus increasing the initiative, enthusiasm and effectiveness of policy implementation; It is conducive to reducing the cost of publicity, explanation and communication for policy implementation; It is beneficial for people to actively abandon the remnants of traditional feudalism such as official standard, dependency and conservatism, and enhance people-oriented and participation consciousness, thus mobilizing the participation and support of the broad masses of people in policy formulation and implementation, making people's thoughts keep up with the pace of the times, recognizing the actual situation, increasing their understanding and cooperation with policies and their implementation, and thus effectively reducing the implementation cost of policies.
3. The innovation of public administration culture is an important way to shape the image of modern government.
The government image is people's intuitive evaluation and inner experience of the "public goods" provided by the government; As people's overall impression and self-identity of the objective existence of the government; As the people's trust and support for public administration. A good government image is an important resource for the government's macro-control, market monitoring, social management and public service, and an inexhaustible source to reduce the pressure of policy formulation and the resistance of policy implementation, and improve the motivation of policy evaluation and the efficiency of policy implementation. However, influenced by the traditional administrative culture and under the control of centralization and autocracy, people are regarded as people belonging to the government authorities, subject to the government's power and dominated by it, forming the idea of indifference to the government's public management and resignation, passively accepting the influence exerted by the government and having a strong obedience psychology. However, in today's information society, the government will change from power administration to service administration, and people's wishes and interests will become the starting point and destination of government administration. Therefore, in order to shape the image of modern government, we must innovate administrative culture, establish modern administrative concepts by changing administrative thoughts and values, pay full attention to the political status and legal rights of every citizen, promote equal communication and interaction between the public and the government, and improve the public's legal identity, effective identity and full participation in the government, so as to build a brand-new, rational and efficient image of modern government.
Second, the fundamental change of public administration culture innovation.
1. The transformation from centralized administrative culture to participatory administrative culture. Dong Zhongshu of the Han Dynasty put forward: "The Spring and Autumn Period is a great unity, the heavens and the earth are constant, and the ancient and modern turn." Influenced by this idea of great unification, it may lead to a high degree of centralization and autocratic administration of the monarch, that is, "the son of heaven is the parents of the people and thinks that the world is king." The traditional centralized administrative culture leads to the high integration of society and the high concentration of power; Leading to the lack of administrative subject status and the suppression and obedience of administrative objects; Leading to the non-democracy of administrative decision-making and policy-making; Lead to the imbalance of the state principal-agent operation mechanism; Leading to bureaucracy and rent-seeking corruption. The innovation of modern administrative culture requires the transformation from centralized administrative culture to participatory administrative culture. With the development of network society, the paradigm of public administration has undergone profound changes, which has greatly promoted the cultural innovation and concept transformation of public administration. The start-up of the government online project requires the transformation from centralized administrative culture to participatory administrative culture, which broadens the channels of administrative participation, improves the enthusiasm and initiative of the people to participate in and discuss state affairs, vividly embodies the return of the people's democratic status, and truly enjoys the democratic right to be the masters of the country. Participatory administrative culture requires that all public administrative activities must reflect and respect citizens' interests, needs, wishes and goals; Asking to participate in public administration life through various legal channels or channels affects the composition, operation and decision-making process of the public administration system; It is required to make government affairs public and understand the institutional setup, power structure, function scale and operation mechanism of the state and government.
2. Change from regulatory administrative culture to service-oriented administrative culture. In the period of traditional agricultural society, the value of public administration system is mainly to realize the rule of the whole country, the control of social order and the management and supervision of the public. Generally speaking, the relationship between state and society is the opposition between control and being controlled, rule and being ruled. The function of this traditional regulatory administrative culture lies in the effective control of society, the establishment of social order in line with the interests of minority power groups, and the realization of political rule characterized by violent repression. However, in the modern democratic society, with the awakening of the public's dominant position and the return of democratic rights, the public's understanding of the overall value of public administration tends to be more and more service-oriented administrative culture. To realize the transformation from control to service, it is necessary to make decisions on major social issues, formulate and implement public policies, and use public power, all of which must aim at improving people's welfare and satisfaction. The purpose of providing public goods is not only to safeguard the interests of a few people, but also to better solve people's realization problems and safeguard and increase people's vital interests. Therefore, service-oriented administrative culture requires strengthening the supply of government public products and services, enriching and expanding new service items, improving service means and improving the level and quality of public services.
3. The transformation from the administrative culture of rule by man to the administrative culture of rule by law. China's traditional administrative culture is dominated by Confucian culture, and it pays attention to the emotional "introspection" in line with social moral norms and the individual's self-moral restraint to develop into a moral and political order. It is maintained by the three cardinal guides, five permanents, four dimensions and eight virtues, and the absolute obedience of subordinates to superiors. Rule by man and rule by courtesy replaced the rule of law. "Zuo Zhuan" said: "Rite, unify the country, determine the country, benefit the people and benefit future generations." Etiquette has become the public's social code of conduct and moral standards. It realizes the control and management of society through the rule of man and courtesy based on self-discipline, and formulates and implements administrative decisions according to the personal will and self-value orientation of a few or some political elites or an authoritative figure to govern the country and society. The main characteristics of this administrative culture of "rule by man" are that there are laws to follow, no laws to follow, subjective speculation, lack of restraint and supervision of power, and frequent policy changes, which lead to the phenomenon that people exist in politics and leave politics. Leading to the existence of privilege that cannot suppress the law with power; Leading to the neglect of public rights and serious mistakes in major decisions. Therefore, the innovation of administrative culture must change from the administrative culture of rule by man to the administrative culture of rule by law. That is, starting from the basic assumption of imperfect human nature and taking law as the highest principle, the public administration system and its operating mechanism should be institutionalized, standardized and ruled by law, so as to realize administration according to law; All the powers and administrative actions of the public administration system should be clearly defined and restricted by law, and its operation should be supervised and strictly controlled according to law. Through the innovation of administrative culture, we will create a rigorous and honest administrative cultural environment ruled by law in the whole society, so that all administrative actions can develop healthily on the track of rule by law.