Education and teaching thesis is a record of teaching research results, a summary of education and teaching research, and some experiences of teaching thesis are shared.

First, the main significance of writing a paper

1. Re-understanding of practice is helpful to improve the teaching level.

Teaching practice is an activity in which people directly gain teaching experience. The direct experience gained is not only very valuable for practitioners, but also very important for other educators to improve and develop their business. In order to exchange knowledge between people in different places and at different times, avoid detours and undertake business achievements, it is necessary to do a good job in writing papers.

2. Re-tempering the style of writing is helpful to improve the theoretical level.

Writing teaching papers is a tempering of writing style, which is helpful to improve the theoretical level. In the process of thesis writing, we can effectively realize the leap and sublimation from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge and deepen research activities. Empirical? Teacher's direction? Scientific research type? The only way for teachers to change.

3. The further expansion of achievements will help to enhance their own value.

Completing a paper is also a self-motivated activity, which will have a sense of accomplishment and is also suitable for some evaluation and quantitative mechanisms. For example, primary and secondary school teachers' evaluation of professional titles (or participation in some honorary titles) is often based on the publication of teaching papers or the identification of papers by experts, and the annual work assessment is also based on papers and gives a certain quantitative score. It should be said that thesis writing is a multi-purpose thing.

Second, the main types of teaching papers

Teaching papers focus on perceptual knowledge and experience in practice, and then rise to rationality, grasp the laws of things, and reflect practical experience and cognitive experience of laws. In this regard, I think there are four ideas in common teaching papers:

1, teaching case type. That is, write a teaching event first, and then talk about some experiences. Experience must be one's true feelings and a certain rational analysis. I was here before? Fruit formation? The use of blackboard drawing in a class has achieved good results, and then its characteristics are analyzed, and it is written as "Light Cavalry for Visual Teaching of Biological Board Drawing" (published in "Education and Management in Primary and Secondary Schools" 0 1- 12).

2. Experimental inquiry type. That is, the summary report of the theme research. Specifically, it is to put forward a problem, take corresponding measures to explore and solve it, write practice into research results, and explain the causes and methods of the problem. Many teachers have participated? Double autonomy? There must be many teaching inspirations and miracles in the research of teaching reform. At that time, the experimental report "Optimizing Teacher-student Interaction and Enhancing Students' Autonomy" (Science Education, 2005-6) that I wrote for biology teaching is a typical example that emphasizes the interactive mode.

3. Subject knowledge. Although middle school teaching is still the transmission of common sense content of basic subjects, there are still many innovations in its subject knowledge, such as different solutions to exercises, experimental exploration schemes, induction and arrangement of knowledge points and so on. Outstanding examples are "unworthy? Fish? " (Inquiry into Youth Science 2008-7), Talking about Poetry? Heart? Things (the first edition of junior high school students' weekly, 2009-22) are all about the creation of intellectual content.

4. Academic theory. This is a deeper summary of the method, emphasizing the essence, relationship and law, which requires a higher theoretical basis and practical experience in many aspects, which is generally difficult for our front-line teachers to master.

Third, the formation process of teaching papers

(1) Motivation generation. There's a saying? Man proposes, God disposes. ? For writing a paper, it is difficult to produce a finished product without thinking. Whether it is spontaneous or as a task, the starting point is different, but it will effectively promote the formation of the article.

(2) Material accumulation. ? A clever woman can't cook without rice? The accumulation of materials is the premise of writing teaching papers. There are four main ways:

First, record some experiences and understandings of teaching activities. Classroom teaching and extracurricular tutoring are important places and opportunities for material accumulation, and students' questions can sometimes cause us to think. Those who are willing to teach should be diligent in thinking and writing, and record their experiences in time. Over time, the information will be enriched. Participated in the writing of Reflections on Art Teaching Language (Primary and Secondary Education and Management, April 2003) and Experimental Teaching? Four modernizations? "(Practical Teaching and Equipment 2007- 1) and other articles have appeared since then.

Second, actively listen to the evaluation class and participate in the exchange of experience. For example, the collection of One Month in 2006? One class a day? The theme of the article, I read the lecture notes and sorted out "? One class a day? Wonderful moments, in addition to its own practice, many of them are wonderful works from lectures, which were later revised as? Wonderful moment of situation creation? Published in Teaching and Management 08-3; There is also "synchronous reflection on classroom teaching" ("Biology Teaching in Middle School" 2009- 12), which is also inspired by the course.

Third, the treatment of teaching materials and the overall design of teaching activities. The design should be innovative and bright. Published in Biology Teaching 08- 10? Breeding and development of birds? A teaching design, which highlights students drawing eggs on the board, creating situations, and finally students supplementing them completely, can be said to be a typical example of unique design.

Fourth, read a wide range of teaching publications. All articles published in regular newspapers and periodicals always have certain value and readability. You should extract articles that are deeply felt, inspiring and closely related to your own teaching, or extract the title, registration, issue number, page number, etc. of the articles to accumulate materials for future reference. This will not only help you understand the pace of the times, such as the change of hot spots and the process of curriculum reform, but also improve your writing ability. Since 1999, I have been insisting on writing reading notes of more than100000 words.

(3) Writing on paper

1, determine the theme. Thesis selection should be based on teaching practice and be accurate and meaningful, which is an important method of thesis selection. Of course, we can also learn from other people's ideas and get inspiration from them. The topic selection should be determined according to one's own knowledge structure, data accumulation and thinking degree, so that the writing of teaching papers is feasible.

2. Draw up an outline. Drafting a writing outline is an important part of thesis writing. As the embryonic form of the paper, the outline fixes and clarifies the main points and structure of the paper with words, which makes the idea of the article more perfect and plays the role of material cohesion, careful thinking and prevention of omission. In the process of drafting the outline, it is emphasized that:

The core argument is clear. The central argument is the core point expounded by the author in the article. All the materials in the article are for it. The central argument runs through the whole article like blood vessels in the article. However, if you want to make the central argument concrete and practical, you must break it down into several sub-arguments.

Reasonably arrange sub-arguments. Sub-arguments decomposed from the central argument should not only have close internal relations, but also have external sequential forms. Each argument mostly appears as a subtitle, and the full text is subject to the order of the arguments. It can be divided into several aspects, and it can also be discussed from the main to the secondary, from the big to the small, and from the light to the heavy. When several sub-topics are used as sub-headings, it is often better to use words equally and make sentences neat.

3. Written discussion. According to the needs of the argument, group the case materials to be used and write them out in order. But sometimes for various reasons, such as lack of information, or finding new problems. , it is impossible to write. At this time, it is necessary to reconsider the outline, or make some additions and deletions according to the situation, or change the structure of some contents, or even overthrow it. Of course, we should also pay attention to the influence of environmental or personal psychological and physiological factors on the smooth thinking.

In the process of discussion, we should ensure the identity of the argument and not change, expand or narrow it at will; Organize arguments according to the needs of arguments, so that arguments and arguments become an organic whole; The main argument materials supporting the argument should be expressed delicately and used more pens. Of course, we should also use some writing skills and rhetorical methods as much as possible to increase the readability of the article.

Teaching front-line teachers, writing articles is not particularly complicated, but we should pay attention to some basic formats:

(1) The theme of the paper should focus on the center, and the words should reflect the main problems expounded in the paper. Try to use the most appropriate and concise combination of words to summarize the full text, attract people's attention, and be accurate, pertinent, distinctive, concise and eye-catching. There should be neither too many words nor too few words in the topic. According to the standards of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the regulations formulated by the General Administration of Standards of China, the topic shall not exceed 20 words. The commonly used naming methods of topics are: direct narration, questioning method, neatness, combination of subject and auxiliary, etc.

(2) Signature and the signer of the unit paper is the author of the paper and also bears academic responsibility for the paper. The results of collective research can be explained by the author and signed by the research group. The signature is generally under the title of the paper. If you sign collectively, you can list the participants after the text.

(3) The body part is a comprehensive discussion and elaboration of the research questions and contents, which occupies most of the length of the paper and is the main body of the paper.

In addition, there are abstracts and references in longer articles. Abstract is to let readers know the general situation of the article, briefly explain the purpose, significance and present situation of the article, and point out the main problems to be solved in the paper. This part should be as concise and straightforward as possible, and don't drag your feet. References mainly include author's name, document name, book name, publishing house name, publication year and issue number, article page number, etc. When writing a paper, quote other people's articles and arguments to indicate the source. Citation reflects the author's serious scientific attitude, the scientific basis of the paper, respects the labor achievements of others, and provides convenience for readers to continue their research.

In addition, some call for papers have higher requirements for papers, such as font, font size and title number.

Step 4 modify and polish

After the first draft is written, it should be carefully checked and revised. It can be modified in the following aspects:

(1) Re-examine the argument to see whether its expression is correct, clear and definite, whether it is consistent with your own ideas, and whether each sub-argument in the article demonstrates the central argument from a corresponding angle.

(2) Verify whether the argument is accurate and sufficient. Verify whether each argument used is representative and typical, and whether the proposed measures, methods and conclusions are concrete and feasible. Dispensable materials should be removed. The quality of the article lies not in the quantity of materials, but in the nature, characteristics and direct demonstration effect of the materials themselves.

(3) Consider the layout and modify the paper structure. After writing the first draft, we should further review the full text according to the central argument. Adjust the order, uneven details, repetition, unclear level and lack of organization.

(4) Check whether the language is fluent, standardized and concise. Argument, argument and argumentation are three important elements, which should be written down in the final analysis. Readers use written language to judge and accept the author's point of view. If we want to give full play to the power of writing, we must scrutinize word by word and find the most suitable words to express the content, so that the writing can be smooth, fluent and accurate.

Fourth, the recognition of the results of the paper.

Written papers have the opportunity to participate in competitions, publications or meetings, which is a full affirmation of the results. To be recognized by peers, especially in regular journals, the paper should pay attention to the following points:

(1) Write? Really? Write, write? New?

? Really? First of all, it means that the arguments and conclusions of the paper should conform to the objective facts of recent education and stand the test of educational practice. This is their true feelings. It is worth mentioning that we must avoid patchwork, simple extraction and writing garbage.

? New? It requires novel and unique style and characteristics, which is not in line with the convention. Of course, discussing a problem from different aspects will also be innovative. Just like a north-south tunnel, from south to north is a way of crossing, and from north to south is another way of crossing. The application of guiding language in biology teaching (Teachers Daily, 2005- 1322) and its creation for students? Dare to talk, talk, talk more? "Three Realms of Language" (Biology Teaching in Middle School 2006- 1 2) discusses language expression from the perspectives of teachers' language and students' language respectively.

? New? It is also reflected in the novelty of the title. Nowadays, teaching magazines usually receive thousands of articles a month, but only thirty or forty articles can be distributed in one issue. What is the review procedure? Screening? 、? First trial? And then what? Review? . Pass? Screening? It can be said that the title of the article plays an important role.

(2) Repeated repairs and changes, what to change? How are you?

A good newspaper will never get tired of change. Precision is the key to the elaborate western products;

First, the accuracy of the argument, the argument should be meticulous, accurate and impeccable;

Second, the accuracy of materials and data collection and application. It is necessary to eliminate the false and retain the true, to get the rough and the fine, and to work hard on the cutting, refining and integration of data;

Third, the accuracy of the argument, the explanation of the argument should be from far and near, from shallow to deep, closely linked, give full play to the power of logical argument, try to let the material speak as much as possible when the material is sufficient, and at the same time be rational, and the ratio of the two should be just right.

(3) Choose voting opportunities and vote? Quasi?

? Gold always shines, right? . From the submission skills, pay attention to the publication category or manuscript collection column, as well as time hotspots or teaching progress, and submit selectively. Dare not vote for big magazines. Many teachers use articles in the school magazine. No.1 middle school training? The high click-through rate indicates that the work is valuable and the author is capable. By the way, the publications subscribed through the post office are generally legal, but some publications involved in the call for papers advertisements are not necessarily formal.

These are my personal superficial understandings. It's a bit like teaching fish to swim, but I still have the courage to communicate, even if it's a topic of discussion, hoping to help everyone. Before work, can I open a personal blog in Hengshui for teaching and research? Li Tao blog? Reference books. Anyway? Heaven rewards diligence? In teaching practice, as long as teachers try hard, they will always gain something and promote the sublimation of theory.

;