Empirical analysis should use a series of analytical tools, such as individual analysis and overall analysis, balanced analysis and unbalanced analysis, static analysis and dynamic analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, logical deduction and empirical induction, economic model and rational person hypothesis. This paper focuses on the equilibrium analysis, static analysis, dynamic analysis and economic model which are the most widely used in economics and have never been explained before.
First find an empirical paper of the same type and imitate it.
The data should be changed, the map should be redrawn, the situation should be changed, and the enterprise data should be changed.
In the graduation season, many students can't write their papers well. Poor paper writing will not only affect grades, but also affect graduation. So, I'm here to share some experiences with my classmates.
Analyze the topic of the paper. After choosing the topic of the paper, everyone must analyze the writing focus of the topic of the paper and distinguish between primary and secondary.
Collect information and write reading notes. After you have analyzed the main writing direction of the paper, you should start collecting the paper materials related to the paper. Write the materials related to the selected papers in your reading notes for reference when writing papers in the future.
Research status at home and abroad. Everyone should make clear the main research purpose of the paper. Then find and analyze the analysis and research on this topic at home and abroad.
Make an outline. Combined with the topic of the paper. Start listing the outline. Explain the relevant knowledge points in the paper first. Then write the research status quo, then write the problems and shortcomings of a certain topic, and then write the countermeasures against this problem. Pay attention to the corresponding problems and countermeasures. Examples, supplementary data and analysis pictures should be listed in the paper.
Start writing a paper. Start writing the paper according to the outline, but add transitional paragraphs where necessary. Then there are footnotes, quotations, references, conclusions and so on.
Finally, let's do the typesetting well. Please correct the unfinished business. I wish you all a better paper.
Special attention should be paid to:
Pay attention to the corresponding problems and countermeasures.
Add a transition if necessary.
Empirical analysis often appears in economics papers, so what is empirical analysis? Empirical analysis, also known as empirical analysis, aims to support the ideas put forward in the paper or prove a theory with facts, including two analytical methods, one is statistical analysis, in which case analysis is a special case (only one sample) and the other is regression analysis. So what are the empirical analysis of graduation thesis writing?
For a certain point of view, it is only necessary to give an example to prove it (temporarily acceptable). If the result of verification is that the facts do not conform to the theory, it is necessary to analyze the possible reasons: ① the facts do not correspond to the theory, and the theory should not explain this phenomenon; (2) the theory is incorrect, so long as a counterexample can deny a theory (falsified by facts), and the theory without counterexample is considered as a temporarily acceptable assumption; The background of this theory is inconsistent with the current reality in China. We should analyze the inconsistencies, and then improve the theory or put forward policy suggestions to change the reality.
Compared with theoretical analysis, empirical analysis should be the focus of writing and topic selection. Because theoretical innovation is difficult, and empirical analysis can and can reflect the workload paid in the process of writing the paper, so the paper is easy to pass. Graduation thesis (especially bachelor's thesis and master's thesis) should be based on empirical analysis, which can include:
1. Case investigation and analysis may include: case analysis with certain innovative significance, if the case can deny a certain theory or explain that the theory is not applicable in a certain field; Social surveys with practical significance, such as the current "three rural" survey; A survey done in a new field that others have never done or rarely do, such as a survey of college students' loans based on their own situation. ?
2. Find a piece of evidence that can prove the theory put forward by others but not proved. For example, Lin Yifu's article "Food Supply, Food Acquisition and Famine in China in 1959~ 196 1 year" is the first one.
3. Verify the theory with large sample data, or verify the theory or viewpoint with new methods. Although others have used the same data, they use more data, have a longer period (for example, the stock market data that is growing every year), demonstrate more efficiently (prove more concisely), be more convincing (for example, prove with the latest achievements of econometrics), and have certain innovation value. ?
4. Historical analysis or comparative analysis, collecting more information than others, or finding new evidence, being able to put forward new ideas, or having first-hand information (such as directly translated foreign languages or data from one's own investigation), such empirical analysis will often become the highlight of the paper. ?
5. Research conclusions and policy implications. This is the least part of the paper, accounting for about 5% of the whole paper. The research conclusion is the summary of the conclusions drawn from all parts of the paper, and the policy implications (suggestions) are naturally extended and deduced according to the conclusions, and there is no need to explain the reasons later. So all the research conclusions and policy implications may only need one sentence. ?
6. Other problems that should be paid attention to in the paper writing. Thesis writing is based on other people's existing research, and it definitely involves other people's opinions and materials (including foreign materials), but the source should be indicated when quoting to avoid plagiarism; Papers should not be written as explanatory materials or teaching materials, but should have their own views, because papers are for tutors and experts in this field; Don't write a paper as a leadership report or policy suggestion. The focus of the paper is innovation.
The theme part is the main body of the summary, and the writing methods are diverse and there is no fixed format. It can be summarized in chronological order and compared from different angles according to different problems. No matter which format is adopted, the collected documents should be summarized, sorted, analyzed and compared, and the historical background, present situation and development direction of related topics and comments on these issues should be made clear. In the theme part, we should pay special attention to representative, scientific and creative references and comments.
The summary part, similar to the summary of the research paper, briefly summarizes the theme of the full text, puts forward my own opinions and predicts the further development direction.
Third, the provisions of literature review.
1. In order to make the topic report have sufficient basis, master students are required to make a literature review before opening the topic.
2. In the literature review, graduate students should systematically consult the domestic and foreign literature related to their own research direction. Usually read no less than 30 articles.
3. In the literature review, graduate students should explain the development history of their research direction, the main research achievements of predecessors, existing problems and development trends.
4. Literature review should be clear and concise.
5. Use data appropriately and reasonably. The document quotation is enclosed in square brackets "[]" and placed in the upper right corner of the quotation.
6. I have my own opinions and opinions on literature review. Encourage graduate students to find more problems, ask more questions, and point out possible ways to analyze and solve problems.