Classification of expression skills:

1.

(1) Narrative skills:

Interpolation: Make necessary preparations for the central event to make the plot more complete and richer in content.

Flashback: Set suspense, stimulate readers' interest and achieve the effect of voice expression. (I haven't taken the exam yet)

(2) Description skills:

The function of description: ① Reproduce natural scenery. ② Describe the appearance and inner world of the characters. ③ Explain the natural and social environment of the characters' activities.

Profile description (contrast): Using another thing with similar or opposite characteristics as a positive and negative contrast can highlight the content to be expressed.

Positive description: rendering: strong and colorful description can infect readers; Sketch: concise and vivid.

Description of scenery environment: highlight environmental characteristics, contrast characters, render atmosphere and contrast themes.

Detail description and psychological description: let the characters plump up and enhance their appeal.

3 narrative person skills: first person: kind and natural, able to express feelings freely, giving readers a real and vivid feeling.

The second person said: it can enhance lyricism and intimacy and facilitate emotional communication. The third person: can directly show colorful life, not limited by time and space, and reflect reality flexibly and freely. I used to take exams frequently, but now I hardly take them.

(4) Discuss skills. At the beginning or end, it is often the main idea of the article; The middle often plays a transitional role and leads to the main idea.

⑤ Lyric skills: direct lyric and indirect lyric. Can set the tone of the article at the beginning; Can sublimate the theme at the end.

2. Expression skills

Set it off with the described environment, atmosphere, etc. Set off the subject and things, highlight the center and express strong feelings.

Pave the way for the appearance of the main characters or the occurrence of major events, and create momentum for the description of the environment, artistic conception and atmosphere.

Contrast, in the contrast of two opposite things, highlights the subject, highlights the front, and makes the image clear.

Rendering creates an atmosphere with colorful descriptions, paves the way for writing, highlights the character and enhances the appeal.

Symbols express abstract things as concrete and perceptible images, and also make the meaning to be expressed implicit and profound.

To express one's will by supporting things, one can express the deep meaning deeply and vividly by describing specific things.

Associative imagination, association, is a psychological process from one thing to another; Imagination is the process of creating a new image on the basis of the original perceptual image. It can enrich the content of the article and make the image more full and vivid.

The combination of repression and encouragement, praise first, loss first, sharp contrast, strong contrast, has received special results.

Seeing the big from the small, that is, reflecting major themes from ordinary and subtle things, can highlight the center and has a strong shock.

The combination of reality and fiction can grasp the key points and highlight the essential characteristics of things, thus highlighting the characteristics of things, scenery or people and revealing the main idea more intensively.

3. Rhetoric skills

Metaphor, personification, parallelism, exaggeration, duality, rhetorical question, repetition, rhetorical question. Metaphor, personification and parallelism are the most frequently examined.

Metaphor can make abstract things vivid and concrete, and profound truths easy to understand.

Personification can make readers have strong feelings and cause * * *.

Parallelism can strongly express thoughts and feelings. Discussion can increase language potential and make reasoning more thorough; Lyric, can be incisively and vividly.

4. Layout skills

Connecting the preceding with the following → leading out the full text → triggering the following → natural transition → echoing before and after → foreshadowing care → creating suspense → caring for the beginning → summarizing the above → dying Zhang Mingzhi → detailing the primary and secondary.

At the beginning of an article or paragraph-① always guide the whole text; 2 lead to the following or lead to the topic; (3) pave the way or compare for the following; (4) create an atmosphere and lay an emotional tone; ⑤ create suspense.

The middle of an article or paragraph-① plays a transitional role in connecting the preceding with the following; 2 echo before and after; (3) pave the way for the following, resulting in the following; Considering the above, change the topic.

The end of an article or paragraph-① sublimate feelings; ② Deepen the theme; ③ Summarize the above; 4 Zhang Xianzhi, point out the theme; ⑤ Echoing the beginning makes the structure of the article round; ⑥ Incoherence makes the article euphemistic and implicit.

The role of the topic in the text-first, it plays a clue role and runs through the whole text; The second is to set suspense to stimulate readers' interest in reading; The third is to point out the theme.

5. Skills of expressing answers-cutting, correcting and writing.

1, cut. Interception means that the answer to the question is a sentence or a word in the original text. We just need to remove it or cut it out and write it on the answer sheet as required.

2. change. Change means that after we find out the sentence where the answer to the question lies, because the sentence does not meet the writing requirements or contains messy information that does not meet the meaning of the question, we need to reform it. At this time, it is necessary to choose useful language information according to the meaning of the question for reorganization and expression.

3. write it. The answers to some reading questions can't be found in the original sentence, so it is necessary to grasp the first paragraph as a whole or fully understand the context to realize the answers. Such a topic requires us to express the meaning of the answer in our own language. To do this kind of questions, the answer writing should strictly abide by the three principles mentioned in the first point, thoroughly understand the main points of the answer, correctly understand the scope, angle and way of expression, and express it in standardized sentences.

Methods and skills of answering questions

Rough reading, narration, lyric writing, lyric reasoning and discussion, lyric borrowing.

Stylistic prose novels

Intensive reading determines the structure (clue, structure)

Center (the central idea of the article)

Set characteristics, write about scenery, express feelings, borrow things, express feelings, and talk about things (borrow things, borrow people, and talk about things through topics)

Answer the questions carefully, focus on words, pay more attention to association and decide the answer.

Problem solving steps

(1) The content is clear

Have a general view of the given reading materials, mainly reading the title of the article, the beginning and end of the article and the beginning and end of each paragraph, and have a general understanding of the article. Determine which aspect of social life the given material is about, whether it is about expressing life feelings or discussing literary and artistic issues; Is to pay attention to narrative and lyricism. It is still very important to discuss things rationally, trace the reasons and distinguish between true and false.

(2) Fast reading

Effective ways to read quickly: clear your mind, summarize links and condense them into words.

Step 1: Break the whole into parts and mark the circle points.

Taking natural paragraphs as a unit, they are marked and circled sentences, turning sentences, time words marking the progress of event stages, related words marking semantic causality, general words marking turning and juxtaposition between paragraphs, demonstrative pronouns between paragraphs, central sentences of paragraphs, and lyric sentences expressing the main idea.

Step 2: Break the whole into parts and combine extraction.

Merge, merge and summarize the general segment, the causal segment before and after, and the parallel segment before and after to form several levels.

Select, take the level as the unit, and select the main content. Generally, the original sentence is intercepted and combined.

Step 3: Add a link and link it to a document.

Hook the marked points with the words extracted before and after, and add relevant words appropriately to form a simple essay with relatively smooth logic (condensed version of the original text). At this point, ideas and meanings usually come out.

(3) Solve problems accurately

1.

Standard answer format: the relationship between three sentences and the full text, what to write first, what to write later, and what is the role.

Standard answer format: what to write first, then what to write, then what to write, and finally what to write.

Answer hint: To answer this kind of question, we must understand and accurately divide the full text level. The answer to this kind of question is a summary of the meaning at all levels.

2. Summarized the main points of the content.

The first type: summarize the main points of the full text.

Answer hint: To solve this kind of problem, we should divide the paragraph level of the full text, regard the full text as a big causal complex sentence, and look for multiple reasons before the "result". This kind of question spans the whole article, and the thinking field of view should cover the whole article when answering.

Second, it is required to summarize the main points of local paragraphs.

Answer hint: this kind of question needs reasonable segmentation, which depends on the knowledge of complex sentences.

3. Expression skills test questions

The first type: it requires analysis and understanding of the expressive function of sentence paragraphs containing rhetoric and expression techniques.

Answering skills: First, we must make clear what kind of expression skills to use in answering; Second, it is necessary to reveal what the works express by this expression; Thirdly, it is necessary to expound the expressive function and benefits of using this expressive skill.

Standard answer format: what technique is used+what content is expressed (what features are highlighted)+what effect is achieved (what thoughts and feelings of the author are expressed).

The second type: it is required to analyze the function of the scene description sentence (crossing with the previous one)

Answer hint: four factors should be considered in answering such questions: first, the natural environment characteristics of the scenery itself; The second is the role of contrast to the characters; The third is the hint to the social environment (it depends); The fourth is to pave the way for the following in structure.

Standard answer format: the description of the scenery here renders (sets off, sets off) the characteristics of an environment (atmosphere, artistic conception), shows the emotions (psychology) of the characters, and paves the way for the following writing.

The third type: it is required to clarify the arrangement intention of the first paragraph of the article (it has been analyzed from the perspective of clarifying the full text)

Answer tip: Because the beginning is to say something else before leading to the main content, four points should be considered when answering questions: First, whether it is related to the text; The second is whether it naturally leads to the following, paving the way for the following; Whether the third and the end are coordinated; Whether it is in positive or negative contrast with the main content.

Standard answer format: start with a topic (referring to the topic, or echoing from beginning to end), and naturally lead to the following, paving the way for describing things (people and things) later, making the writing natural and ingenious. Or: contrast the following … to highlight …

Fourth, it is required to clarify the writing intention of a certain place (paragraph) in the middle of the article.

Answer prompt: Because the corresponding text is in the text or paragraph, three points should be considered: First, the content of the text itself should be clear; Second, we should consider the structural relationship between it and the context (generally, it is a connecting link between the preceding and the following); Third, we should consider the relationship with the main content (generally causality, contrast, contrast, etc.). )

Standard answer format: text content analysis: the content to be expressed in the text itself+structural function+related structural function.

Step 4 ask questions

The first type: text inquiry class.

Compared with recent years, the text selection of college entrance examination prose is prose with cultural connotation and high literary taste. The value orientation of the text reveals positive and healthy life sentiment, or highlights truth, goodness and beauty, or highlights the thinking of the times, or deeply thinks about national character and culture. This is the height of reading knowledge that candidates must reach, and text inquiry often gives questions on it.

Answer tip: From the point of view of the question type, the proposer mainly writes according to the theme connotation or writing intention of the text. This kind of inquiry requires students to accurately grasp the theme, and then grasp the author's writing intention, otherwise they can't complete the answering requirements. Judging from the answers to the two questions, we can't be divorced from the original text, but we can't directly intercept the answers in the original text, so we need candidates to make an abstract summary.

The second type: personality interpretation.

This kind of proposers often ask candidates to talk about their own views or opinions according to the author's views, attitudes and values. There are many such inquiry questions in Shandong college entrance examination.

Answer prompt: personality interpretation can not be played freely without words, and words must be respected; You can't just extract words from the original text; Have healthy and positive values.

Standard answer format: clear point of view (total)-literal deduction (score)-connection with practice (score)-conclusion (total)

The third type: writing inspiration.

Answer hint: I usually accumulate some writing skills and have certain cognitive ability; It is necessary to be able to accurately judge which outstanding writing features are used in the text; You should be able to talk about your feelings in combination with your usual composition practice.

Standard answer format: clearly point out a certain writing technique+theoretical explanation of writing technique+examples of writing technique.

[Solution]

Step 1: Define the content and style.

1. Fixed content. The title-"Winter Scenery in Jiangnan", reading the beginning, end and beginning and end of the middle paragraph, we can see that this article, like the title, is about the winter scenery in Jiangnan. After reading the author-Yu Dafu, Lenovo learned about Yu Dafu's Autumn in the Old Capital, thus slightly deducing the style of this article.

2. Set the style. From the above analysis, we can basically confirm that this article is an essay about scenery. In the next study, we should pay attention to the characteristics of winter scenery in Jiangnan, so as to determine the author's feelings, that is, the main idea of the article.

Step 2: Determine the structure, center and characteristics.

3. Set the structure. The title of this article is "Winter Scenery in Jiangnan". At the beginning, I wrote the winter scenery in the north, and then I wrote the beauty of the winter scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, from geology to river port to winter scenery in one day. That is, the winter scenery in the north-the winter scenery in the south of the Yangtze River: the changes of geology, river ports and winter scenery in one day.

4. Center. There are no direct emotional sentences in the article, but from the description of the scenery, we can understand the author's love for the winter scenery in Jiangnan, and with the description of the autumn in the old capital, we can know that this love is the main theme of the article.

5. Set the characteristics. The article uses scenery to express emotion and completely melts feelings into the scenery, which is the characteristic of this article.

Step 3: review the questions and determine the location; Grasp the words and set the key points; Think more and determine the answer.

The specific analysis of reading answer novels in the college entrance examination is as follows:

Character analysis ① Specific methods of describing characters in novels; ② Summarize the personality characteristics of the characters; (3) Make an objective and fair evaluation of the characters in the text (including the author's attitude towards the characters and the readers' evaluation of the characters).

These problems can generally be understood from four aspects:

① Pay attention to the identity, status, experience, upbringing and temperament of the characters in the novel, because they directly determine the words and deeds of the characters.

Affect personality; (2) put the typical characters in the typical environment to understand; (3) Through portraits, movements, language,

Expression and other aspects of character analysis; ④ Analyze the characters' personalities through their relationships.

Methods of describing characters.

① Direct expression: portrait, language (dialogue/monologue), action, psychology and details.

② Indirect expression (profile description): such as positive contrast, negative contrast, etc.

▲ The general formula for summarizing characters: overall social class+specific personality characteristics+what information in the text reflects this characteristic. (Example)+Analysis (The information in the text is related to the characters. )

Standard answer format: emotional summary keywords+combined text description

Sort out the story.

Grasp the plot of the story. Specifically, it includes the following three types of questions: ① summarize the story in one sentence or concise statement; (2) What are some things written in the article, please summarize them in turn; ③ Summarize a part of the novel in the form of filling in the blanks (including pointing out one of the four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending).

Standard answer format: the content expressed in the text itself+the plot related to the following+the structural function.

Analyze the typical environment:

Analysis of environmental description is an important link in a comprehensive understanding of the novel. Environment is the designated place and scope to form a character's character and promote his actions. The environmental description in the novel is sometimes used to show the time, place and social situation of the story, to set off the significance of the character's activities in the times, and sometimes to render the atmosphere and show the character's character from the side. It is an inseparable part of the whole work and is very important to enhance the authenticity of the story. Therefore, when analyzing characters, we should also analyze the environment and analyze it together with the part of writing scenery. ① Find out the sentences that accurately describe the environment in the text; (2) Describe the function of the specified environment; Faced with this kind of problem, we can think from five aspects: ① explain the time and place of the story; ② Suggest social environment; (3) Revealing the characters' emotions and expressing their personalities; ④ Render the atmosphere; ⑤ Promote the development of the plot.

The standard answer format: 1, which summarizes the character characteristics; 2, combined with a brief analysis of the text, that is, "characters (keywords)+brief analysis"

The theme of this novel

The theme of the novel is to express the central idea of the novel through the description of real life and the shaping of artistic images. The theme is the soul of the novel. When analyzing the theme of the novel, we should first make a careful investigation from the aspects of characters, plots and environment.

How to grasp the theme of the novel? ① Start with the plot and characters of the novel; (2) Analysis of the background of the times and description of typical environment; ③ Grasping the theme of the novel from its ingenious conception. Positive description (psychological description of language portrait action), side description (environmental scenery), detail description, symbol, ambition expression, contrast, foil, bedding, foreshadowing, care, suspense, desire to promote before restraining, etc. Standard answer format: reading text-analyzing plot-analyzing environment-analyzing language-digging topic.

Scene description (stage for people's activities)

Function: Suggest the theme/contrast the characters/render the atmosphere/promote the plot.

The language of the novel (expressive and infectious)

(1) The description should be like meeting people, and if you listen to their words, the readers will feel as if they are there.

② Individualization of characters' language, that is, expressing the characters' personality.

③ Narrative language should be concise and vivid.

(4) Language style: humorous, elegant and solemn, implicit and concise, neat and rhythmic sentence patterns, accurate and vivid words, rich and varied words, implicit and intriguing;

(1) makes readers think. (2) leads to the following plot. (3) prominent figures. ④ Reveal the theme of the novel.

The function of the novel ending:

Structurally, the dull story suddenly produced waves and produced shock. From the aspect of expression, it is reasonable to coordinate with the foreshadowing of the previous article. From the perspective of the theme, it can better deepen the theme. From the perspective of expressing the character, it can better shape the character. Touching, evocative and thought-provoking.