The first Soviet Union of Socialist Countries (CCPC for short in Russian) in the history of the world was established on February 30th, 1922+65438. The Soviet Union consists of 15 participating republics, 20 autonomous republics, 8 autonomous prefectures, 10 autonomous regions and 129 frontier regions or states. It used to be the country with the largest land area in the world, and it was also one of the two "superpowers" in the world alongside the United States.
19911On February 25th, Soviet President Gorbachev announced his resignation. The next day, supreme soviet of the ussr passed a resolution declaring that the Soviet Union ceased to exist, ending the 69-year Soviet Union. Before and after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the original 15 countries that joined * * * were divided into 15 countries: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Moldova, Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia.
Since 199 1, many people in political circles and academic circles at home and abroad have investigated and studied the causes, influences and consequences of the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe from various angles, and published a large number of books and papers. Generally speaking, there are mainly the following points. System rigidity, reform failure, leadership dereliction of duty, peaceful evolution, arms race, ethnic issues, party corruption.
In fact, the fundamental reason for the disintegration of the Soviet Union lies in the degeneration of the Soviet productive party and the changes in ideology, politics, organization and style. It is precisely because of the fall of the Soviet production party that the Soviet Union perished. There are eight important reasons for the demise of the Soviet Union.
The first important reason of the Soviet Union's subjugation was that it deviated from the leadership of Marxism. Gorbachev replaced the one-party dictatorship of the * * * production party with the multi-party system in the political reform and gave up the leadership of Marxism.
The second important reason for the death of the Soviet Union was that it failed to fundamentally break through the Stalin model, paid too much attention to industrial development, and did not recognize the market economy, which led to the imbalance between industry and agriculture. Later presidents, such as Khrushchev and Brezhnev, failed to break through this model, laying a curse for the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
The third important reason for the Soviet Union's death of the party and the country: denying the party's leaders and history. "If you want to destroy its country, you must first destroy its history." Since the mid-1980s, there has been a movement of "re-evaluating history" in the Soviet Union, starting with denying Stalin, then attacking and slandering Lenin, distorting the history of socialist revolution and construction in the Soviet Union, and finally denying the 70-year ruling history of the Soviet Union. This so-called evaluation made the Soviet Union lose the legitimacy of its existence and eventually led to the demise of the Soviet Union Party.
The fourth important reason of the Soviet Union's party and country subjugation: betrayal of Marxism-Leninism and loss of correct theoretical guidance. Deviating from Marxism-Leninism in theory will make the whole party lose its correct theoretical guidance, which will inevitably lead to ideological confusion and social and political turmoil inside and outside the party. Gorbachev completely turned his back on Marxist beliefs. He emphasized that "new thinking" means advocating "pluralism", giving up "ideological restriction" and "spiritual monopoly" and breaking "the limitations of all theories", which is essentially to break the guiding position of Marxism.
The fifth important reason of the Soviet Union's party and country subjugation: the party style is corrupt and seriously divorced from the masses. The party's style embodies the party's purpose, which is related to the party's image and people's hearts, and to the life and death of the party and the country. During Lenin's period, he attached great importance to the construction of the Party's style of work, and strictly demanded that leading cadres at all levels and party member be honest and upright, and oppose bureaucracy and being divorced from the masses. Lenin resolutely opposed specialization and set an example. But by Gorbachev's time, corruption within the party was serious. The privileged class has developed viciously, constantly using various means to transform the past domination of state-owned assets into actual possession. 199 1 year, most of the multimillionaires in Moscow are former party and government cadres. Therefore, an American scholar said, "The CPSU is the only political party that made a fortune at its own funeral."
The sixth important reason for the death of the Soviet Union: the cadre line seriously violated Marxism-Leninism. Since Stalin's time, there has been a very bad phenomenon in the Soviet Union's cadre line, that is, in fact, cronyism has formed a strong personal attachment relationship between cadres at higher and lower levels. By Gorbachev's time, the cadre line of cronyism was even more unscrupulous. Shortly after he took office, he reorganized the Central Secretariat and Political Bureau, added eight members of the Political Bureau, alternate members and secretary of the Central Committee, and dismissed two people. The chairman and six vice-chairmen of the Council of Ministers were replaced, and more than 40 Party Central Committee and government ministers and nearly 65,438+000 state party committee secretaries were replaced. The wrong cadre line has caused unprecedented confusion in the thoughts of party, government and army cadres, seriously damaged the prestige of the party, and caused cadres' centrifugal tendency to the party.
The seventh important reason for the death of the Soviet Union was that it seriously deviated from the Marxist-Leninist principle of party building and changed the color of the party. From Khrushchev to Gorbachev, in the ideological and theoretical construction of the Party, they engaged in democratic socialism, advocated that "the Party is everything" and "the state is everything", and implemented bourgeois "openness" and "democratization", which caused ideological confusion of the whole Party and puzzled many party member. The party's grass-roots organizations have been severely weakened and exist in name only. The party's principle of democratic centralism has been destroyed, the party style has deteriorated, and it has been seriously divorced from the masses.
The eighth important reason for the demise of the Soviet Union: politically, the formation of the bureaucratic class. After the formation of this class, it developed into a family, and then other people who wanted to rise to the official career were blocked by bureaucratic families. The bureaucracy is extremely short of fresh blood, and the official is divorced from the masses (the official position is controlled by one family for generations, and of course it will be divorced from the masses). Moreover, in this class, officials interact with each other without "external" threats, and they do not seek political achievements, but only enjoy themselves. Indulge in privilege, abuse power for personal gain, corrupt life, do not strive for progress, and become schistosomiasis parasitic on the masses. Brezhnev is the representative.
The reasons of the Soviet Union's subjugation of the Party and the country need to be thoroughly discussed and summed up, so that we can learn from them and better build socialism in China.