Present situation and prospect of nuclear power in China The proportion of nuclear power in China will increase from 2% to the world average 16%, and the development prospect is still great. China plans to put 80 million kilowatts of nuclear power into operation before 2020, and 12 units are under construction. China's energy situation: China is rich in coal and water resources, as well as a considerable amount of oil and natural gas resources, but the per capita possession is very low and the distribution is extremely uneven. At present, China's power development situation is: in 2008, the national installed capacity will reach 790 million kilowatts, in 20 10, it will reach 950 million kilowatts, and in 2020, it will reach1500 million kilowatts, while China's nuclear power accounts for 1.9% of the total power generation, coal-fired power generation accounts for 80%, and the rest is hydropower. There is a big gap between China's nuclear power and the world average. As China is dominated by thermal power, it has brought double pressures of energy shortage and environmental pollution, and the waste formed by thermal power has caused serious environmental problems such as air, water and land pollution. Therefore, the state has decided to reduce thermal power and vigorously develop clean energy mainly based on nuclear power. At present, the main nuclear power plants in operation and construction in China are Qinshan Phase I, Phase II and Phase III, Daya Bay, Ling 'ao Phase I, Phase II and Tianwan. The load rate of operating power stations is 85-90%, which is equivalent to the international level. Advantages of nuclear power generation 1. Nuclear energy is clean energy. According to the annual power generation of 654.38+000 billion kWh, thermal power needs to burn 3.39 million tons of standard coal, and nuclear power only needs 52 tons of nuclear fuel; Thermal power will emit 77,800 tons of sulfur dioxide and 2.03 million tons of carbon monoxide, producing a lot of waste such as coal ash, while nuclear power will have zero emissions. The emissions from nuclear power plants must be strictly controlled and treated. For example, waste gas is filtered, adsorbed and attenuated, and then discharged through high-altitude diffusion; The wastewater is discharged after filtration, evaporation and ion exchange dilution; Solid waste is solidified with cement, sealed and packaged, and finally buried underground. Good environmental protection effect. Taking Qinshan Phase II as an example, compared with the national standard, the exhaust emission is two orders of magnitude lower; Tritium in wastewater is one order of magnitude lower, while others are two orders of magnitude lower. The exposure of workers is four times lower than the national standard. 2. Nuclear energy is a kind of safe energy. The pressurized water reactor ensures safe operation through three barriers. The first barrier is to hide uranium fuel and radioactive fission products in the zirconium alloy shell of fuel rods. The fuel assembly is installed in a 20 cm thick pressure vessel, and the pressure vessel and the primary circuit form the second barrier to prevent radiation leakage. The nuclear reactor and main cooling system are installed in a sealed containment building. The containment consists of 90cm thick prestressed concrete and 6mm thick leak-proof steel gasket, which constitutes the third barrier. In addition, it also ensures safety through deep defense such as deviation control of operating parameters, accident protection and design benchmark accident prevention. At present, the second generation of improved nuclear power plants in China has been designed and built independently, and most of the main equipment has been localized, with the localization rate exceeding 70%. Inland nuclear power construction At present, most nuclear power plants in the world are built inland. 65. 1% of nuclear power plants in France are built inland, and 75.7% of nuclear power plants in the United States are built inland. It can be seen that it is completely feasible to build nuclear power plants inland. It is imperative for China to build inland nuclear power plants. The reasons are: the economy of inland areas has developed greatly, and the capacity of power grid has also developed greatly; Some provinces lack coal and water resources; At the beginning of 2008, there were large-scale and long-term snowstorms in southern provinces, which caused large-scale and long-term power outages and brought serious consequences. This shows that it is difficult to ensure the safety of electricity consumption by relying on long-distance power transmission and long-distance coal transportation. Therefore, it is necessary to build a nuclear power station that does not depend on fuel transportation. In terms of technology, the development of inland nuclear power plants is also fully mature. From the perspective of safety and environmental protection requirements, there is no essential difference between inland nuclear power plants and coastal nuclear power plants, and the mature design and construction technology of nuclear power plants can be fully applied to inland nuclear power plants. The development prospect of nuclear power generation The third generation of nuclear power is the development trend of nuclear power generation in the future. The third generation nuclear power units have higher safety objectives: the thermal safety margin of the core is greater than15%; The core damage probability is less than 10-5/ reactor year; A large amount of radioactive leakage is less than 10-6 per reactor year. The economy of the third generation nuclear power unit is better: rated power of the unit1000-1500mw; The available coefficient is greater than 87%; The refueling period is 18-24 months; The service life of the power station is 60 years; Construction period is 48-52 months; It can compete with combined cycle natural gas power plants. The technology of the third generation nuclear power unit is more advanced. For example, Westinghouse AP 1000 unit has the characteristics of passive safety system, serious accident prevention and mitigation, double containment, full digital instrument control and modular structure.