First, e-commerce and credit issues related concepts
E-commerce has become the mainstream mode of commercial transactions, and the definition of e-commerce in WTO is: using telecommunication network to conduct business activities; Jiang Zhipei, a Chinese scholar, believes that e-commerce refers to all kinds of activities in which people who master information technology and business rules systematically use electronic tools to exchange goods. Broadly speaking, e-commerce refers to the use of various electronic tools to organize business activities, including primary television, radio, computer networks, modern global information infrastructure, information superhighway and so on. , its business activities include a wide range of physical and non-physical commodity demand activities, as well as all activities of legal consumption of goods. E-commerce in a narrow sense mainly refers to all kinds of modeling activities based on network applications in the global open network business activities, including online shopping, online trading, online payment and various financial activities. The e-commerce studied in this paper is mainly discussed and analyzed in the narrow sense of e-commerce
The credit management of e-commerce refers to the comprehensive management of enterprise credit status and consumer credit. The content of credit management mainly includes collecting and processing all kinds of credit data, making them into credit products, and using credit products as tools to ensure the smooth realization of credit transactions. In developed countries, credit management is mainly aimed at personal credit, while in developing countries, credit management is mainly aimed at enterprise credit management.
Second, the role of credit in the e-commerce market
1. Credit is the prerequisite for the development of e-commerce market. E-commerce market with computer network as trading platform has obvious advantages, and commodity exchange is fast and convenient, covering a wider range. However, e-commerce is still a trading relationship between people. Without the supervision of the credit mechanism, it is difficult for e-commerce to develop smoothly, and it is difficult to achieve expansion and popularization. E-commerce has realized the transformation from direct exchange to indirect exchange and from acquaintance economy to stranger economy. This transaction mode should be mediated by credit, and the effectiveness of credit plays a more important role in the development of e-commerce.
2. Credit is an important foundation for the operation of e-commerce. Modern enterprise is a legal entity with the characteristics of natural person, and it is also a legal entity composed of explicit contract and implicit contract. Enterprises should be able to make rational decisions consciously like natural persons. In the e-commerce market, enterprises are bound by explicit and rational contracts, and their behaviors are bound by various contracts and develop into a balanced behavior. Implicit contract and explicit contract cooperate with each other, and implicit contract makes up for the defects of explicit contract to some extent. Credit constraint is a typical implicit contract. To some extent, the credit level of a country determines the development speed of e-commerce market. Good e-commerce credit can encourage buyers and sellers to trade with confidence. E-commerce in China mostly focuses on small products and services, and the scope of trust based on family and consanguinity affects the development of e-commerce in China, and credit is the basic condition for the operation of e-commerce.
3. Credit is the inevitable path choice for the development of e-commerce enterprises. With the development of e-commerce, the transaction cost is gradually reduced and the number of transactions is gradually increased. Good credit can help enterprises develop into economies of scale. If the credibility of e-commerce is high, there will be a large number of traders using e-commerce to conduct transactions, without the need for enterprises to invest a lot of money for publicity. At the same time, high credit can reduce the difficulty of enterprise transactions, save transaction costs and time, and improve the efficiency of e-commerce transactions, which is more conducive to e-commerce to achieve economies of scale.
4. Credit can win competitiveness for e-commerce enterprises. In the e-commerce market, enterprise credit plays an important and positive role in promoting the development of enterprises. In the initial stage, enterprises need to invest more financial and material resources to establish credit, and these investors can't see the benefits before the credit qualification is established, which is a challenge for new e-commerce enterprises, and only those enterprises with good business performance can afford it. Once credit is established, the initial credit becomes a kind of cost, so that enterprises can get more support and use, and enterprises need to invest people to maintain their own credit. Supervise enterprise credit, face the market with a good enterprise credit image, and improve the comprehensive competitiveness of enterprises.
Three, take effective measures to improve the credit management level of e-commerce enterprises.
1. Strengthen system construction and build e-commerce credit system. First of all, establish and improve the credit laws and regulations system, which is the guarantee of e-commerce transaction behavior and system implementation. The relevant government departments should supervise the credit of e-commerce, and the behavior of e-commerce should be based on laws, standardize the behavior of transaction subjects, create a good legal environment, and guide the development of e-commerce activities in an honest and orderly direction. Secondly, establish a credit education system to make the credit concept deeply rooted in people's hearts. If the credit of the market economy is not good, it will be eliminated directly by the market. Therefore, establish a credit moral system, carry out credit education activities for the government, enterprises and intermediary organizations, and give play to the guiding role of the media in credit public opinion.
2. Strengthen cooperation among e-commerce enterprises and improve their reputation. E-commerce is different from traditional market operation. It deals with goods in the virtual market. Enterprises should renew their ideas, strengthen cooperation, establish a reasonable market operation mechanism, and ensure the establishment of commercial credit between the two sides. Strengthen the construction of credit intermediary system, overcome the credit obstacles of electronic virtual market, constantly improve the credit awareness and credit information of virtual market, establish a good credit culture atmosphere, establish a perfect enterprise and personal credit database, and provide credit information services for electronic services.
3. Strengthen the enterprise credit security support system. E-commerce can deal with a large amount of information in the transaction in time and guide the behavior of the transaction subject correctly. E-commerce transactions are completed through a series of actions such as identity authentication, credit application, online shopping and order payment. These behaviors need a series of information technologies to support, to ensure efficient and accurate information processing and processing, and to ensure that the behavior and purpose of the trading subjects are consistent. Improve the technical level of e-commerce authentication system, record and supervise the transaction process of e-commerce, improve the confidentiality of e-banking credit, improve the online credit evaluation system, and form credit records, so as to strengthen credit management, change the current situation of e-commerce credit and improve the credit level of e-commerce enterprises.